alex wyczalkowskimechanical option
senior thesis presentationapril 15 2009
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Design Objectives
Sustainability
Comfort
Economy
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Building OverviewStatsTotal SF: 50,590$11.1 million
$219.40/SF$1.39 million mechanical cost
$27.48/SF
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Waterside Mechanical
VAV System
Open Loop Ground Water Heat Transfer
Heat Recovery Chiller
Heating
Boiler Added
Cooling
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Variable Air Volume
Conditioned Space
AHU
Chiller
OA
Return Air
CWS
Cooling Coil
55F
38F
74F
CWR
52F
36,000 CFM Variable Volume
Conditioned Space
AHU
Heat Recovery Chiller
OA
Return Air
HWS
Heating Coil
95F
38F
74F
HWR
52F
36,000 CFM Variable Volume
Natural Gas Boiler
HeatingCooling
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Mechanical Redesign
VAV
• Variable air volume
• Sensible and latent loads
DOAS
• Ventilation air• Latent loads• Radiant Panels
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Dedicated Outdoor Air SystemEnthalpy Wheel
Conditioned Space
DOASAHU
Boiler Radiant Panel
Return Air
Hot Water
Return Water
Roof‐top Heat Pump
42F
140F
70F
Heat Pump
OA
100F
5110 CFM Constant Volume
Enthalpy Wheel
Conditioned Space
DOASAHU
Main ChillerRadiant Panel
OA
Return Air
Chilled Water
Roof‐top Chiller
42F
56.5F
74F
Return Water 61.5F
5110 CFM Constant Volume HeatingCooling
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Central Plant Considerations
System SplitVentilation Air
42F
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Central Plant Considerations
System SplitVentilation Air
42F
Radiant Panels56.5F
Boiler
HP
Heat Exchanger
Ground Source Well
Radiant Panels
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Boiler
HP
Heat Exchanger
Ground Source Well
Radiant Panels Central Plant Considerations
System SplitVentilation Air
42F
Radiant Panels56.5F
Hot Water TemperatureEfficiency vs. thermal stratificationRaise ΔT
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
DOAS ‐ Comfort
Proper VentilationNo mixed air
Humidity ControlLatent and Sensible Loads Decoupled
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
DOAS ‐ Costs
Added Costs Savings
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Piping
Hot Water45 GPMPiping from original design adequate
Chilled Water225 GPM
Boiler
HP
Heat Exchanger
Ground Source Well
Radiant Panels
Copper piping PEX Steel
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Piping
Hot Water$9,060 savings
Chilled Water($50,070) added
Boiler
HP
Heat Exchanger
Ground Source Well
Radiant Panels
Copper piping PEX Steel
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Radiant Panels
Sensible LoadsCooling
Interior and Perimeter42% of ceiling5°F ΔT
HeatingPerimeter only40°F ΔT
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Radiant Panels
Cooling17615 SF$13/SF
Heating6,316 SF$2/SF additional
($241,620)
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Air Side System
5110 CFM AHU $85,00015% of originalConstant Volume
Enthalpy Wheel ($10,600)80% efficient
Smaller Ductwork $15,600Terminal Unit Dampers $44,900High Induction Diffusers ($1,500)
Conditioned Space
AHU
Chiller
OA
Return Air
CWS
Cooling Coil
55F
38F
74F
CWR
52F
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
First Cost Analysis
Total Mechanical Cost Cost/SF Redesign Savings Savings/SF
Original $1,394,511 $27.56
Redesign $1,537,814 $30.40 ($143,303) ($2.83)
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
Original
Diffusers
Chiller Reduction
FTU
Enthalpy Wheel
AHU
Ductwork
Piping
Radiant Panels
Redesign
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Ventilation Load Energy Savings
Enthalpy WheelReduced load on AHU Chiller
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Ventilation Load Energy Savings
Enthalpy WheelReduced load on AHU Chiller
Yearly Heating: 202,000 kBTUYearly Cooling: 8,900 kBTU
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
kBTU
's
Hour of Day
January Day Ventilation Heating Load
Original
Redesign
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Ventilation Load Energy Savings
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
kBTU
's
Hour of Day
January Day Ventilation Heating Load
Original
Redesign
15,100 kWh$1,208
Yearly Savings
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Ventilation Load Energy Savings
Cooling Load Peak Reduction70,640 BTU/hr
Reduces Chiller Size5.9 Tons$5,900
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
kBTU
's
Hour of Day
August Day Ventilation Cooling Load
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Fan Energy
Reduced Ventilation Air36,000 CFM 5,110 CFM
Yearly Savings36, 130 kWh$2,890
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
kWh x 00
0Yearly Fan Energy
Original Redesign15730 kWh51860 kWh
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Total Yearly Savings
$4,100 ($0.08/SF)$143,300 added cost ($2.83/SF)35 year payback
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Lighting Redesign
Open Office Spaces
Original
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Lighting Redesign
Open Office Spaces
Suspended Pendants1.02 W/SF
Original
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Illumination from cubicle
Task LightingSpace and Floor
Tambient Lighting
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Illumination from cubicle
Task LightingSpace and Floor
Task and UplightsUplights
Tambient Lighting
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
AGI analysis
5 footcandles on floor30 footcandles on work plane
Add 3W task lights
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
AGI analysis
.50 W/SFHalf original load
Good Ceiling Distribution
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple Energy Savings
Lighting Electricity$3,109/yr
Cooling Load$506/yr
Reduced Chiller Size$3400
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Adjusted Payback
35 years 18.1 years
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Construction Phasing
33% Unfinished Office Space
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Construction Phasing
Large Costs ReduceRadiant PanelsPiping
Savings UpfrontAHUChiller
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
Original
Diffusers
Chiller Reduction
FTU
Enthalpy Wheel
AHU
Ductwork
Piping
Radiant Panels
Redesign
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Construction Phasing
Greatly Reduced First Cost$139,900 $66,100 ($1.31/SF)
Slightly Reduced Savings$7,715 $5,170 ($0.10/SF)
Payback12.8 years
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
Original
Diffusers
Chiller Reduction
FTU
Enthalpy Wheel
Series3
Series2
Series1
Radiant Panels
Redesign
AHUDuctworkPiping
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Conclusions
SustainabilityReduced Energy Usage: 1.91 kWh/SF/yr
ComfortBetter VentilationBetter Humidity Control
EconomyReasonable Payback: 12.8 years
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
EXISTING CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL REDESIGN
ENERGY & COST ANALYSIS
LIGHTING REDESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
Acknowledgements
Thanks to:Sponsor: McKinstry
Jon, Tom, Aaron, Erik, Phil, Bev
Penn State FacultyProfessor Srebric and Freihaut
Friends and FamilyBrad Sisenwain, Kanis Glaewketgarn – LightingHalina, Wojtek, Matt, Chris
mckinstry oregon headquarters�portland orOVERVIEWDesign ObjectivesBuilding OverviewWaterside MechanicalVariable Air VolumeMechanical RedesignDedicated Outdoor Air SystemCentral Plant ConsiderationsCentral Plant ConsiderationsCentral Plant ConsiderationsDOAS - ComfortDOAS - CostsPipingPipingRadiant PanelsRadiant PanelsAir Side SystemFirst Cost AnalysisVentilation Load Energy SavingsVentilation Load Energy SavingsVentilation Load Energy SavingsVentilation Load Energy SavingsFan EnergyTotal Yearly SavingsLighting RedesignLighting RedesignTambient LightingTambient LightingAGI analysisAGI analysisMultiple Energy SavingsAdjusted PaybackConstruction PhasingConstruction PhasingConstruction PhasingConclusionsAcknowledgementsQUESTIONS?
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