The human circulatory system functions to transport blood and
oxygen from the lungs to the various tissues of the body.
Slide 3
Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins ArteriesCapillariesVeins
StructureStrong, elastic, largerThin, single-layeredThin, large
lumens FunctionPumps blood away from the heart out to the body
Links arteries and veins. Where exchange of molecules happens.
Pumps blood back to the heart after the exchange of molecules.
Slide 4
Circulatory System
Slide 5
The Route of Blood Blood enters the right side of the heart
through the first part of the superior and ending part of the
inferior vena cava as well as the coronary sinus where it enters
the right atrium. Next it flows through the tricuspid valve into
the right ventricle. The blood goes through the pulmonary valve
into the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary artery and into the lungs
Blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. The blood
then enters back into the left atrium then through the bicuspid
valve and into the left ventricle. The blood flows through the
aortic valve into the aorta and systemic circulation takes place
and deoxygenated blood comes back through the veins and back into
the heart for circulation again.
Slide 6
Composition of Blood Blood is composed of formed elements
including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets which are also
known as thrombocytes. These elements are responsible for the
duties of transport, immunity, and clotting. These elements are
carried in the plasma, the liquid form of blood.
Slide 7
Erythrocytes Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, have the
appearance of biconcave disks. They take on the shape of a
flattened circle with a depression in the middle. The shape of a
red blood cell is specialized for the diffusion of gas which
provides a surface for transporting oxygen to the various areas of
the body.
Slide 8
Open and Closed Circulatory System Closed circulatory
systemOpen circulatory system Vertebrates have a closed circulatory
system. Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all
times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. Blood is
pumped by a heart through vessels and does not normally fill body
cavities. The open circulatory system is common to mollusks and
arthropods (invertebrates). Open circulatory systems pump blood
into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory
system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body
cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood.
Slide 9
The Types of Circulatory Systems
Slide 10
Aortic Aneurysm A bulging of part of the aorta is called an
aneurysm. Large or fast growing aneurysms can rupture, causing
significant loss of blood into the abdominal cavity. Aortic
aneurysms are usually symptomless, but if there are symptoms, they
may include back, chest or abdominal pain. Options for treatment
range from watchful waiting to surgery, depending on the size and
location of the aneurysm.
Slide 11
Arteriovenous Malformations Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs),
are abnormal tangles of blood vessels within an area of the
circulatory system. They develop either before or right after
birth. Few symptoms of AVMs show in most people with them. It is
possible that AVMs could cause headaches, seizures, or paralysis,
because of a decrease of oxygen to an area, bleeding, or pressing
on a vital structure. About one percent of people with AVMs die
annually. Treatment includes surgical removal, stereotactic
radiosurgery, and endovascular embolization.