2. GeographyAfrica is the 2nd largestcontinent in the world.
Itmeasures 30, 244, 000square kilometers wide with1,032,532,974
people livingas of 2011.A large part of continent ismade up of
deserts.A. Sahara largest desert inthe world; Northern part.B.
Kalahari Southern partThe scarce rainfall in theseareas bring about
theappearance of spring, whichforms an oasis
3. TwoAfricas:Mediterranean Africa near the region ofthe north
Saharawith a climateidentical to that ofSouthern EuropeTropical
Africa - hasthick jungles,deserts, and grasslands.
4. HistoryAncient peoplessettled on the NileValley during
theNeolithic (NewStone) Age, around5000 BC.Many scientistsbelieve
that thefirst people in theworld came fromAfrica.Lucy, one of
thefirst discoveredaustralopithecines,was discovered inthe Great
LiftValley.Early Africanpeoples did notusually leave awritten
record.
5. Traditional SocietyVillage Government power wasshared among
the members of thecommunity, not a single leader.Family Patterns
the group wasalways more important than theindividual.Religious
Beliefs Early Africansidentified with the forces of natureand the
belief that all living andnonliving things contained spirits,this
is called animism.
6. Rise of CommunitiesA. Nok (800BC 200AD)Known
forbeautiful,life-sizedmetalsculpturesused as artpieces.They
alsomade jewelrymade frommetal such assteel, goldand tin.The
figurinesthey madewere dressedby the cloththey wove,for the
Nokswereexcellentweavers.They lived inhouses madefrom driedmud.They
werepolytheistic they believein more thanone God.
7. B. Bantu(600BC 1000BCAD)Bantus lived in theSahara, south
ofAfrica.They spread theirculture andlanguagethroughout
thecontinent.They lived byfarming and animalraising. Womencommonly
raisedcrops while menhunted.Magic was centralto the Bantusbeliefs.
They alsobelieved that soulwould separatefrom the body atthe time
of death.
8. Ancient KingdomsA. Kingdom of Kush (1600BC-300AD)In 1600BC,
theNubiansestablished theKingdom ofKush.Egypt defeatedKush in
1525BC.Egypt fell in800-700BC.Kushitesdeclaredfreedom andelected a
newking in 715BC.In 671BC, theKushitesescaped toMenroe.In 350
AD,Ezana, took overthe Kingdom ofKush.
9. They have a system of writing and their citiesboasted
palaces made of stone.it was the first kingdom in Africa to ever
have itsown money made of gold, silver, and bronze.The Kingdom of
Aksum was strong in the north,of what is now called Ethiopia.Its
economy was sustained by trade in the RedSea.In the 4th century,
the Aksum kings converted toChristianity.Trade in Aksum remained
strong until the 7thcentury, the time when Islam began to
spread.B.KingdomofAksum(600-500BC)
10. Early Imperial TradeA Empire of Ghana (5th-11th
Century)Gold CoastThe Soninkes benefited from the taxes they
imposed on their trade of mines, saltand gold. They controlled this
trade and established a large empire called Ghana.They also
designated the value of gold, and assigned taxes to the salt and
goldthat were delivered.Kumbi Saleh (now the modern desert region
of Senegal) was the capital of Ghana.Trade became the center of
Soninke culture.However they rejected the religion of Islam.
11. B. Empire of Kanem-Bornu(9th-19th Century)It can be
foundaround the ChadLake.Tasted victory in the17th century,
withterritoriescompromisingsouthern Chad,northern
Cameroon,northeasternNigeria, easternNiger, and southernLibya.The
Kanem-Bornuwas built in themiddle of the 19thcentury. Because ofits
location, itserved as a traderoute from NorthAfrica, Nile Valleyand
sub-Saharanregions.
12. It is composed of Mandika people.The Soso Empire rose, this
obliterated manyraces, including the Mandinka. Sundiata Kitawas the
lone survivor, and when he grew up,he led the successful Mandinka
Revolutionagainst the Soso reign.Sundiata converted to Islam. Those
whosucceeded him carried the title mansa,meaning emperor.The most
famous emperor of Mali was MansaMusa who governed in 1312 AD.The
first map of Africa was drawn in 1375,showing Mansa Musa sitting on
the thrownwith the title, Lord of the Negroes.C. MaliEmpire
13. Sunni Ali was the leaderwho attacked the Maliempire. He was
known forhis belief in pagan gods andmagic.Sunni Ali was When
SunniAli dies, he was succeededby Askia Mohammed whoruled from
1493-1528.Askia was a devoted Muslimwho tried to unite
histerritories under one Muslimempire through consecutivewars.It
was eventually destroyedfrom enemy attacks andfrom conflicts from
theempire itself.D. SonghaiEmpire
14. ContributionsArt closelytied withreligion, madefrom
ivory,wood andbronze.LiteraryTraditionsfolktales werepassed on
fromgeneration togeneration,Arabic was apopular
writtenlanguage.Education inmost societies,it was the dutyof the
elders toteach boys andgirls their rolesin the
village.Commerce-trade allowedmany empiresto prosper anddevelop as
aresult ofculturaldiffusion.
16. Yambo Ouologuem Born on August 22, 1940. Pseudonym: Utto
Rudolph. Works: Le Devoir de Violence (English: Bound toViolence,
1968), Lettre la France ngre (1969),and Les mille et une bibles du
sexe (1969). He learned several African languages and gained
fluencyin French, English, and Spanish. He went to Paris in 1960,
where he studied sociology,philosophy and English. He is reputed to
have been leading a secluded Islamiclife as a Marabout.
17. When Black Mens Teeth SpeakOut by Yambo Ouologuem Theme: In
the poem, When Black Mens Teeth Speak Out,it actually deals with
stereotypes of oppressed people andrace relations in Africa and how
this stereotyping affectsthem. Language and Style: The poet used
literary device ofrepetition, but also adds onomatopoeia.
Symbolism: And there they found a tomato field in bloom
symbolizesthe harmless occupations of most of the Africans. Washed
by streams flowing with palm-tree wine -represents the traditional
popular African drink. Hurrah for tomatoes - reminds the oppressors
that red isthe color of blood inside every human being regardless
ofhis skin color.
18. Characters: Persona He is being blamed for his
countrystourism failures saying he is a cannibal because of his
teethand red gums. Society They view the protagonist as a
dreadfulanimal, believing that he could occasionally and
secretlyeating humans. Settings: Africa
19. Plot: Introduction: The character said that people think
that he isa cannibal because of his red gums and teeth. Rising
Action: People blamed the character why there arentmany tourists in
their country. They even accused him ofboiling or grilling the
tourists alive. Climax: The character was surrounded, tied up, and
thrownto the ground at the feet of justice. There, he was
severelycriticized and sentenced to death. Also, a girl, one of
thecrowds, yapped to open the characters stomach claimingthat his
daddy was still inside. Falling Action: Since no knives were
around, somebodygrabbed a Gillette blade and opened the characters
belly. Conclusion: When they opened him up, all they saw
weretomatoes for the character is vegetarian.
20. Conflict and Point of View: The conflict of the story was
Man versus Society for theprotagonist was condemned of being the
reason why thetourism in their country is not on its
full-height.Moreover, people accused him as a cannibal. The point
of view of the poem is considered as a first-person point of view
since the character participated andnarrated the events, which he
observed in the storyusing the third-person pronouns I and
they.