AF 1201ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF FARM ANIMALS
(2/25:10)
Dr. A.M.J.B. AdikariDept. of Animal and Food Sciences
Course Objective
• To impart sound theoretical knowledge
for undergraduates in Agriculture on
–basic structure and functions of the
bodily regulatory systems and
–production related systems of Farm
Animals.
Course Content
1.Introduction & Terminology2.Digestive system3.Reproductive system4.Estrous cycle & its manipulation5.Mammary System6.Nervous system7.Endocrine System8.Environment & Animal adaptation9. Artificial Insemination (AI)10. Heat detection and Assisted Reproductive
techniques (ART)10. Anatomy and Physiology of Fish
http://192.248.95.7/
Suggested Readings
Suggested Readings
• A textbook of Animal Husbandry by G.C Banergee
• Anatomy and Physiology of farm Animals by Prof. MissakeWijayagunawardena
• Animal Physiology by Open University
• Introduction to Animal physiology by lan Kay
• Animal Physiology – Adaptation and Environment by Knut Schmidh
• Essentials of Animal Physiology by S.C Rastogi
Evaluation Procedure
Code Subject
Marks Allocation (100 %)
CA Practical (Spot)
Theory
AF 1201 Anatomy and Physiology of Animals
10% 20% 70%
Structure of the Theory Paper
2 hr. Paper
Q. type No. Duration Marks
MCQ 20 30 min. 20
Structured 2 30 min. 30
Essays 2 60 min. 50
AF 1201
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF FARM ANIMALS
INTRODUCTION
• Anatomy: Study of the structure and relationship
among structures
• Physiology: Study of the functions of body parts
Level of Structural Organization
• Chemical level
• Cellular level
• Tissue level
• Organ level
• System level
• Organism level
Anatomical Characteristics of Animals
1. Vertebral Column
2. Tube within a tube construction
3. Bilateral symmetry
Principle Systems of the Body
1. Integumentary System
2. Nervous system –CNS and PNS
3. Endocrine System –Hormones
4. Cardio- vascular system- Bloods
5. Lymphatic system
6. Respiratory system
7. Digestive system
8. Reproductive system
9. Urinary system
10. Skeletal system
11. Immune system
Directional Terms
• Cranial/superior/Cephalad: Towards the head /Upper part.
• Inferior/ Caudal: Away from the head/toward the lower part.
• Ventral: Nearer to the belly side of the body
• Dorsal: Nearer to the back of the body.
• Medial: Nearer to the middle line of the body.
• Lateral: Further from the mid line.
• Proximal: Nearer to a point of the body
• Distal: Further from the point of the body.
• Superficial: Toward the surface of the body.
• Visceral: pertaining to covering of an organ.
• Peripheral: away from the center.
Physiological Features
Homeostasis
• Common for farm animals
• Conditions in which the body internal environment
remains relatively constant within limits.
• Controlled by nervous and endocrine systems
• Internal environment: Extra cellular fluid (ECF)
(Interstitial fluid and Plasma)
When ECF
1. Contains exactly the optimum conc. of gases,
nutrients, ion and water
2. Has an optimal Temperature
3. Has an optimal pressure for the health of the cells,
• The organism is in homeostasis…………. Good health
Stress disturbs homeostasis ill health/sick
BODY CAVITIES
• Space within the body cavity contains internal organs
• Dorsal cavity –contains brain and spinal code
Ventral Cavity –has two cavities
1) Thoracic cavity
- Pleural cavity (Lungs)
- Pericardial cavity (Heart and Esophagus)
2) Abdominal Pelvic Cavity
• Abdominal cavity
(stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, kidney, Pancreas)
• Pelvic cavity
(Urinary bladder, reproductive system, Rectum and anus)
• Diaphragm separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
• END
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