[email protected]; 404 385-5163
Advancing Consumer Packaging Through Printable Electronics
IPST Executive Conference, Atlanta, GA March 9-10, 2011
Bernard Kippelen
Professor, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Director, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics
Georgia Institute of Technology
1
EFRC
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics
2
Established in 2003 at the Georgia Institute of Technology
Interdisciplinary approach to research and training
25 faculty from six different schools
Shared facilities in computing, synthesis, material characterization and device fabrication
Industrial resource Center for technological innovation
http://www.cope.gatech.edu
The Future of Consumer Packaging
3
A convergence of emerging technologies: digital printing, flexible and printed electronics, and smart packaging.
Modernize the supply chain by retaining and monitoring product quality by active sensing and monitoring of physical properties.
-Time, temperature, light, humidity, UV, oxygen, pathogens, bacteria…
Interactive features can revolutionize the consumer/packaging interface which has remained unchanged for decades .
Crime prevention and security: Brand protection Counterfeiting Fight terrorism through explosive detectors
Modernizing and securing the supply chain
Communications Optoelectronics Displays
Energy conversion
Organic circuits/ Sensors
Solid-state lighting
Smart Organic Materials
A Paradigm Shift: Printed Electronics
5
Mobile/Wireless
Light weight
Wearable
Puncture resistant
Energy efficient
Flexible intelligence everywhere
Konarka
PolyIC
Source: IDTechEx
$55 B by 2020
Printed Electronics: Market Forecast
Organics vs. InorganicsLattice driven properties
Highly delocalizedelectronic excitations
Periodic lattice leads to well defined band structures
Molecular properties
Highly localized electronic excitations
Morphology and structure difficult to define, disordered structures
Tolerant to defects
7
Requires nearly perfect crystalline structure
Technology Areas
8
• Flexible photovoltaics• Flexible batteriesEnergy supply
• AMOLED• E-readers, electrochromicDisplays
• Environmental monitoring• Physiological sensingSensing
• IR, visible UV imaging devices• SurveillanceImaging
• Flexible antennas• RFID/memoryCommunication
• Real time location of assets• Monitoring and inspection of assetsLogistics
Heterogeneous integration on plastic , low cost
Material synthesis and modeling
Processing and patterning
Device physics and engineering
A System Approach
Progress in Organic Semiconductors
Dimitrakopoulos, Adv. Mater. 14, 99, (2002).
Complementary designs with n-channel and p-channel transistors with comparable performance
10
Progress in Organic Photovoltaics41.6 %
Solarmer
C.W. Tang, Appl. Phys. Lett, 48, 183 (1986) 1% Konarka: 8.3% (polymer) Dec. 2010
HeliaTek: 8.3% (small molecules) Oct. 201011
Printed and Flexible Electronics at Georgia Tech
12
Developed photo-patternable polymers that can be processed like a photoresist; provides easy patterning for color displays and high thermal stability.
RGB active high luminance at low voltage, processing at low temperature on flexible substrates
Chem. Mater. 15, 1491 (2003)
Flexible Display Technology
Low-temperature processing of organic semiconductors, metals and dielectrics on flexible substrates: low cost and performance superior to a:Si.
Macroelectronics
RF identification tags
Electronic paper
Active matrix drivers
Printed electronics
OFETs with bi-layer dielectricsACHIEVEMENTS: A new device architecture has been developed for organic field-effect transistors that allows for unprecedented operational and environmental stability. The device uses a new bi-layer geometry for the gate dielectric layer that allows for different degradation mechanisms to be compensated. Solution-processed OFETs with field effect mobility values of 0.5 cm2/Vs and stability over a year were demonstrated.
Impact: This breakthrough in demonstrating air stable OFETs with high performance, and high operational and environmental stability brings organic printed electronics one step closer to commercialization.
15
TIPS-pentacene + PTAAAu Au
CYTOP (40 nm)Al2O3 (50 nm)
Al
GlassPVP
0 20 100 200 3000.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Exposure time in air (Days)
V Th (V
)
µ (c
m2 /V
s)
D.K. Hwang et al., Advanced Materials, published online Jan. (2011).
Environmental and operational stability
16
0 20 10012014016018020010-3
10-2
10-1
100
Al2O3 CYTOP CYTOP /Al2O3
Time (Days)
µ (cm
2 /Vs)
-8-6-4-20
10-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
-8-6-4-2010-1110-1010-910-810-710-610-5
Plot every 100th interval
VGS (V)I DS
(A)
Plot every 2000th interval
W/L = 2550 µm/180 µmVDS = - 8 V
20,000 cyclesEnvironmental stability Operational stability
At 31 days: O2 plasma treatment for 5 min
Do Kyung Hwang
Jungbae Kim
Canek Fuentes
Hernandez
Technology Parameters
17
Performance
• Charge mobility• Circuit operating frequency
Resolution
• TFT channel length• Registration
Encapsulation
• Barrier properties• Bending radius
Process parameters
• Printing parameters• Integration
Manufacturing
• Yield• Cost
10 – 100 x improvements
possible
18
Technology Drivers
Organic transistors with comparable n-channel and p-channel mobility: today 1 cm2/Vs, possible 10 cm2/Vs
Amorphous metal oxide n-channel transistors: today 10 cm2/Vs, possible 300 cm2/Vs (transparent)
Dielectrics with high capacitance and energy density: today 10 J/cm3, possible 500 J/cm3.
Printing resolution: today 100 µm, possible < 1 µm.
Potential for disruptive breakthroughs
Organic PV Research at COPE
• Synthesis of new molecules and polymers with tailored optical and electrical properties
• Quantum chemical modeling of material properties and interfaces
• Optical and electrical characterization of thin films and discrete PV devices
• Physical models based on engineering level descriptors
• Monolithic integration of cells into modules
• New flexible transparent electrodes (beyond ITO)
• Flexible packaging technology with barrier coatings
Materials Processing PV cell Packaging PV module
Semitransparent Solar Cells: Metal-free and ITO-free OPVs
P3HT:PCBM
GlassPH1000
ZnO
PH1000CPP-PEDOT
Zhou Y. et.al. Applied Physics Letters 97(15), 153304 Oct. (2010)
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Curre
nt D
ensit
y (m
A/cm
2 )
Voltage (V)
Dark Light
PCEAM1.5G = 1.8 %Voc = 0.55 VJscAM1.5G = 7.2 mA/cm2
FF = 0.45
20Jaewon Shim
Seungkeun Choi
Yinhua Zhou
Hyeunseok Cheun
Summary
21
Printed electronics is emerging and competes with well established electronic material platform like a:Si.
Potential of 10 to 100 x improvements in technology parameters can generate real disruptive technologies.
Printable, light weight, rugged, flexible, and integrated electronic platforms can revolutionize the consumer/packaging interface.
Printed Electronics, a strategic technology for the packaging industry.
Integrated team and infrastructure in place at Georgia Tech to engage into scaled up R&D effort in Printed Electronics.
COPE Faculty
Thank you for your attention
Glossary
23
AMOLED: Active matrix organic light-emitting diodesN-channel transistor: a transistor that conducts electrons P-channel transistor: a transistor that conducts holes a:Si: amorphous siliconOFET: organic field-effect transistorTFT: thin-film transistorITO: indium tin oxideOPV: Organic photovoltaics
Supporting information
24
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
5
10
15
20
25
VGS=VDS
N-type
VGS= 0, 30 V, 2.5 V
I DS (µ
A)
VDS (V)
N-type
-30-25-20-15-10-50
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
VGS=VDS
VGS = 0, -30 V, 2.5V
VDS (V)
I DS (µ
A)
P-type
P-channel pentaceneTFT
N-channel InGaZnOTFT
Mobility: 0.15 cm2/Vs Mobility: 3.8 cm2/Vs
Supporting information
25
TIPS-pentacene + PTAAAu Au
CYTOP (40 nm)Al2O3 (50 nm)
Al
GlassPVP
Glass
TIPS-pentacene + PTAAAu Au
CYTOP (780 nm)
Al
PVP
TIPS-pentacene + PTAAAu Au
Al2O3 (100 nm)
Al
GlassPVP
PFBT
-50-40-30-20-1001010-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5VDS = - 50 V
I DS
1/2 (µ
A)1/
2
I DS (A
)
VGS (V)
-8-6-4-2010-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5VDS = - 8 V
I DS
1/2 (µ
A)1/
2
I DS (A
)VGS (V)
-8-6-4-2010-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
0.0
0.2
0.4
VDS = - 8 V
I DS
1/2 (µ
A)1/
2
I DS (A
)
VGS (V)
Al2O3 (100 nm) CYTOP (780 nm) CYTOP (40 nm)/Al2O3 (50 nm)
Supporting InformationACHIEVEMENTS: Hybrid inverters were fabricated on flexible substrates. The n-channel transistor was formed from an amorphous InGaZnO metal oxide semiconductor and yielded mobility values of 3.8 cm2/Vs. Since p-channel transistors are more difficult to fabricate with metal oxides, pentacene was selected for the p-channel transistor. Inverters with balanced noise margins and gain values of 150 were demonstrated.
Impact: Researchers demonstrated state-of-the-art printable hybrid inverters on flexible substrates. All processing temperature steps were lower than 180 °C.
26
Bottom gate, top contact geometry
n-channel : InGaZnO p-channel : Pentacene
LP= LN=180µm
WP=4000µm
WN=400µm
-180
-150
-120
-90
-60
-30
00 5 10 15 20 25 30
VD=30VVD=25V
VD=20V
VIN (V)
dVO
UT/d
V IN (V
/V)
J.B. Kim et al. Organic Electronics 11, 1074 (2010)
Top Related