Download - ADPC _ Myanmar Community Based Disaster Risk Management Manual - November 2009 _ Burmese

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(Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment - PDRA)

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tpdk;&Xme^tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? jrefrmEdkifiHMuufajceDtoif;? tif*sDtdkrsm;? ukvor*¾?

yk*¾vduu@ESifh tjcm;jyifytzGJUtpnf;rsm; yg0ifygonf/ ¤if;wdkU\ tcef;u@rSm

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIavsmhyg;apa&;? pGrf;aqmif&nfjrifhrm;apa&;wdkYwGif &yf½Gm\

BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIrsm;udk yHhydk;rIay;&ef jzpfygonf/ enf;ynm? ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;ESifh aiGaMu;

yHhydk;rIay;jcif;jzifh aqmif½GufEkdifygrnf/ jyifyrStzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkU\ vkyfief;pOf

wpfpdwfwpfa'otaejzifh vkyfief;pOfudk pwifaqmif½GufEdkifygonf/ odkUr[kwf &yf½Gmu

yHhydk;rI&,lvdkaMumif; jyifyrS tzGJUtpnf;rsm;xH qufoG,fjcif;vnf; jzpfEdkifygonf/

owdjyK&efrSm &yf½GmESifhEdIif;pmvQif jyifytzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSm aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpf?

enf;ynmuRrf;usifrI? EdkifiHa&;MoZmoufa&mufrI rsm;jym;jcif;aMumifh &yf½Gmudk vTrf;rdk;

Edkifonfh taetxm;odkU a&muf½SdvmEdkifygonf/ odkUjzifh &yf½Gmvlxk\ OD;pm;ay; rsm;udk

rpOf;pm;bJ ¤if;wdkU\ vkyfief;tpDtpOfudkom wGef;tm;ay; aqmif½Gufvdkjcif;aMumifh

&yf½Gm\pGrf;aqmif&nfudk xdcdkufapEdkifygonf/ xdkUaMumifh jyifyrStzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf

&yf½Gm\pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufa&;udk txl;*½kjyKí pmemem;vnf&ef vdktyfygonf/

1-5 CBDRM vkyfief;pOfrSay:xGufvmrnfY&v'frsm;

CBDRMvkyfief;pOfudkaqmif½Gufjcif;jzifh trsm;jynfoltEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;a&;ESifh &yf½Gm\

ab;tEÅ&m,fcHEdkif&nf½SdrIwdkU qifhuJwdk;wufaumif;rGefvmrnfjzpfygonf/ rQwNyD;a&½Snf

wnfwHhaomumv½Snf &yf½GmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI jzpfay:vmap&efvnf; taxmuftuljyK

ygrnf/ CBDRM aqmif½Guf&eftwGuf a&½SnfwnfwHhonfhzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk t"dyÜm,f

owfrSwf&mwGif vlodtrsm;qHk; t"dyÜm,fazmfjycsufjzpfonfh Brutland aumfr½Sifu

jyKpkaomatmufazmfjyyg t"dyÜm,fazmfjycsufudk toHk;jyKygonf/


pmrsufESm 5

a&½SnfwnfwHhonfhzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIqdkonfrSm-

]]tem*wfrsdK;qufopfrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udkjznfhqnf;EdkifrnfhpGrf;&nfudk rxdcdkufapbJ

rsufarSmufvdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;aomzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI}} jzpfygonf/

1-6 vufpGJpmtkyf\&nf&G,fcsuf

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif2008ckESpftwGif;em*pfrkefwdkif;'Pfudk qdk;&Gm;pGmcHpm;cJh&jyD;aemufydkif;wGif

CBDRM udk usifhoHk;aqmif&GufrI ydkrdk t&Sdef&vmygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif CBDRM

usifhoHk;aqmif&Gufolrsm;taejzifh CBDRM vkyfief;rsm; xdxda&mufa&muf taumif

txnfazmf aqmif&GufEdkif&ef ¤if;wdkU\ pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm; jr§ifhwif&efqE´&SdMuygonf/

xdkUjyif CBDRMvkyfief;pOfrsm; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&mwGif wpfajy;nD

jzpfap&efvnf;vdktyfygonf/ odkYrSom jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;a&;wGif

tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;vHk; CBDRMESifhywfoufíwlnDaom oabmayguf

em;vnfrI&SdEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/

]]jrefrmh&yf½GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf}} jyKpk&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm-

• CBDRM usifhoHk;aqmif&Gufolrsm;udk pmawGYvufawGYqdkif&m enf;vrf;rsm;

yHhydk;ay;jcif;jzifh &yf&Gmtqifhab;tEÅ&m,fMudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESifh ab;avsmhyg;ap

a&;wdkYwGif toHk;csEdkif&ef?

• jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; CBDRMESifhywfoufí wpfajy;nDpHEIef; owfrSwfaqmif&Guf

Edkifap&ef?

• CBDRM oifwef;rsm;wGif udk;um;pmtkyftjzpf toHk;jyKEdkif&ef?

1-7 ]jrefrmh&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcG JrIvufpGJpmtkyf} rdwfquf

]]jrefrmh&yf½GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIvufpGJpmtkyf}} wGif tcef;(8)cef;ESifh

aemufqufwGJrsm; yg0ifygonf/

tcef; 1 ]]&yf½GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;-rdwfqufed'gef;}}wGif CBDRM qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ tb,faMumifhvdktyfoenf;/ rnffolwdkYyg0if&rnfenf;/ rnfodkY

aqmif&Guf&rnfenf; ponfwdkYudkazmfjyxm;ygonf/

tcef; 2 ]]tqifh(1) - &yf&Gma&G;cs,fjcif;}} wGif &yf&Gma&G;cs,fjcif;qdkif&m pmawGY

vufawGY enf;vrf;rsm;udkazmfjyxm;ygonf/

tcef; 3 ]]tqifh(2)-cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif;ESif h &yf&Gmudkem;vnfoabmayguf

jcif;}} wGif cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif;\ ta&;ygyHkESifh vufawGUtoHk;csEdkifrnfhY enf;vrf;


pmrsufESm 6

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rnfolwdkYyg0if&rnfenf;/

rnfodkYaqmif&Guf&rnfenf;/ -CBDRM vkyfief;pOfrS

ay:xGufvmrnfY &v'frsm; - vufpGJpmtkyf\&nf&G,fcsuf

ESifh zGJYpnf;xm;yHk

rsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdkYjyif &yf&Gmudkem;vnfjcif;qdkif&m tajccH,lqcsufrsm;udk

azmfjyxm;ygonf/

tcef; 4 ]]tqifh(3) - yg0ifaqmif&Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfjcif; [PDRA]}}

wGif þvkyfief;pOfwGif yg0ifaomtqifhcGJ(7)&yfudk wifjyxm;ygonf/ tqdkyg tqifhcGJ

(7)&yfudk aqmif&Guf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;udkvnf; Oyrmrsm;ESifhwuG wifjyxm;ygonf/

tcef; 5 ]]tqifh (4) - yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrI tpDtpOf

a&;qGJjcif;}} wGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;

qdkif&m t,ltq ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;ygonf/

tcef; 6 ]]tqifh(5) - ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrIaumfrwDwnfaxmifjcif;ESif h

avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;}}wGif ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIaumfrwDwpf&yf wnfaxmif&ef

vkyfief;pOftqifhqifhESifh ¤if;wdkY\ vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;? pGrf;&nfwnfaqmufrIrsm;

yg0ifygonf/

tcef; 7 ]]tqifh (6) - &yf½Gmvlxkudk,fwdkif pDrHcefUcG Jaom taumiftxnf

azmfjcif;}} wGif &yf½Gmvlxkudk,fwdkifpDrHcefUcGJaom taumiftxnfazmfjcif;qdkif&mwm0ef

rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfwGif toHk;csrnfh t,ltqESifh enf;vrf;rsm; yg0ifygonf/

tcef; 8 ]]&yf½GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;\ tajccHtaMumif;tcsuf

rsm;}} wGif &yf½GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;\&v'frsm;udk avhvmtuJjzwfEdkif

rnfh tcsufrsm; pkpnf;azmfjyxm;ygonf/

aemufqufwGJrsm; wGif PRA taMumif;ESifh CBDRM pDrHcsuferlem? yg0ifaqmif&Guf

aomapmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifhtuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usa&mufEdkifaom

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh CBDRM qdkif&ma0g[m&rsm; yg0ifygonf/

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pmrsufESm 7

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pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;

tcef; 2

vkyfief;tqifh(1) - &yf&Gma&G;cs,fjcif;

2-1 &yf&Gma&G;cs,f&ef bmaMumifhvdktyfygovJ....

jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;a'otoD;oD;wGif rD;ab;? rkefwdkif;? ajrivsifpaomobm0ab;wpfck

(odkYr[kwf) wpfckxufydkí MuHKawGY&Edkifygonf/ odkYygí EdkifiH\ a'otESHYtjym;wGif

taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/ odkYaomfvnf;vlom;t&if;tjrpf?

aiGaMu;? tcsdefvdktyfcsufpaom uefUowfcsufrsm;aMumifh tzGJYtpnf;wpf&yftaejzifh

CBDRM tpDtpOfudk taumiftxnfaz:&eftwGuf &yf&GmtcsdKUudk a&G;cs,f&ygonf/

xdkYaMumifh vkyfief;tpDtpOfudkaqmif&Gufrnfh&yf&Gmudka&G;cs,f&eftajccH&rnfhpHcsdefpHnTef;

rsm; vdktyfygonf/

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csufcsEkdif&eftwGuf a½G;cs,fa&;vkyfief;pOf

wGiftoHk;jyK&rnfhpHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk azmfxkwf

xm;½Sd&ygrnf/ tMuHjyKxm;aom pHcsdefpHEIef;

tcsdKUrSm-

• &yf½Gm\tEÅ&m,fxdawGUEdkifrIjyif;xefjcif;

(tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,fqHk;&yf½Gmjzpfjcif;)

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• ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufygu ab;uif;aomcdkvHI&efae&m r&Sdjcif;

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1 (II) 4 (I) 8 (III)


pmrsufESm 9

tcef; 3

vkyfief;tqifh(2)-cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh&yf&Gmudkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;

3-1 cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif; tb,faMumifh vdktyfygoenf;... cifrifrIwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh &yf&Gmudk em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf CBDRM \

tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfaom oifhwifhavsmufywfaomyg0ifaqmif½GufrI&½Sda&;twGuft"du

aomhcsufjzpfaomaMumifh ta&;MuD;ygonf/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf ¤if;wdkUESifh

twl vkyfief;aqmif½Gufvsuf½Sdaom jyifyrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; ,HkMunfpdwfcsygu

atmufygwdkYudk taxmuftuljyKrnfjzpfygonf-

(1) udpö&yfrsm;? jyóemrsm;? pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;? ajz½Sif;csufrsm;udk yGifhvif;pGm ajymMum;

vmygrnf/

(2) vkyfief;pOf\ tESpfom& tpdwftydkif;jzpfaom e,fajrcH,Ofaus;rIudk ydkrdkem;vnf

oabmaygufvmEkdifygonf/

3-2 &yf&GmESif hcifrifrIudk rnfodk Y wnfaqmufrnfenf; ....

jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf &yf½GmwGif aexkdifolrsm;ESifh ,HkMunfpdwfcsrIwnfaqmuf&eftwGuf

aqmif½GufEdkifaom vkyfief;tcsdKU½Sdygonf/ ¤if;wdkUteuf tcsdKYrSm-

• &yf½GmtwGif;wGif aexdkifjyD; &yfol&Gmom;wpfOD;tjzpf rdrdudk,fudk cH,ljcif;?

• &GmvlMuD;?vli,ftzGJY?trsdK;orD;toif;wdkYESifhtvGwfoabmawGYqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;?

• &yf&GmvlxkESifhtdrfwdkif&ma&muf tvGwfoabm awGYqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;?

• rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;? rnfonfwdkUudk vkyfaqmifaeaMumif; xifomjrifom

½Sdapjcif;? yGifhyGifhvif;vif;&Sdjcif;?

• &yf½Gm\aeUpOfb0aexdkifrIwGif yg0ifjcif;? &yf½Gm\vkyfief;rsm;ESifh &yf½GmwGif

jyKvkyfaom yGJvrf;tcrf;tem;rsm;wGif yg0ifjcif;?

• e,fajrcHyk*¾dKvfrsm;u¤if;wdkU\b0aexdkifrIudpö&yfrsm;?jyóemrsm;udk ajymMum;

onfhtcg em;axmifjcif;?

• e,fajrcHjynfolvlxkxHrS uRrf;usifrItopfrsm; oif,ljcif;?

,HkMunfpdwfcsrIESifh yGifhvif;rI½Sdaom aumif;rGefonfh qufqHa&; wnfaqmufEdkif&ef

twGuf jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;\jyKrlaexkdifyHkonf tvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/ jyifyrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;

jyKrlaexkdifoifhonfh enf;vrf;rsm;wGif atmufygwdkU yg0ifygonf-


pmrsufESm 10

yH k 5 tif*sDtdk0efxrf;wpfOD;onfcifrifrIwnfaqmuf&ef&yf½GmvlxkESif htwlyg0ifaqmif&GufaeyHk

• rdrdudk,fudk ESdrfhcsrI ed0gw w&m;½Sdjcif;?

• e,fajrcH,Ofaus;rI? jyóemrsm;ESifh b0aexdkifrIenf;vrf;wdkUudk tav;xm;

jcif;? • pdwf½Snfjcif;?

• vltrsm;u ajymMum;onfudk pdwfyg0ifpm;jcif;?

• tuJjzwfqHk;jzwfjcif;rjyKbJ Munfh½Iavhvmjcif;?

• e,fajrcHvltrsm;onf¤if;wdkU\vkyfief;rsm;udk atmifjrifatmif aqmif½GufEkdif

aMumif; pdwfcs,HkMunfNyD; ,if;odkUpdwfcs,HkMunfaMumif;xkwfazmfajymMum;jcif;?

3-3 &yf½Gmtay: em;vnfatmif rnfodk Y aqmif&Gufrnfenf;

CBDRM ESifh ywfoufaeolrsm;? txl;ojzifh jyifyyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf &yf½Gm\ oabm

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ygonf/ atmufazmfjyyg ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;qdkif&m &yf½Gm\ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudpörsm;udk

em;vnfEdkif&ygrnf-


pmrsufESm 11

(1) vlrIa&;tzGJYGJUrsm;

- &yf½GmtwGif;wGifwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;? vlwef;pm;? ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIESifh

t"du tzGJYGJUrsm;rSm rnfonf wdkUenf;/

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rsm;rSm rnfonfh oabmobm0 ½Sdygoenf;/

- trsdK;orD;rsm;\tqifhtwef; b,fvdk&SdovJ/

(2) ,Ofaus;rItpDtpOfrsm;

- rdom;pkESifh&yf½Gmtqifhrsm;wGif rnfodkU pkzGJUaexdkifMuygoenf;/

- rnfodkUaom tqifhqifh emcH&rIrsm; ½Sdygoenf;/

- jyKrlaexdkifjcif;? yGJvrf;tcrf;tem;usif;yjcif;? xkwfazmfajymqdkjcif;rsm;

jyKvkyfonfh enf;vrf;rsm;teuf tawGU&rsm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;rSm

rnfonfwdkUenf;/

(3) pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;

- t"du pm;0wfaea&; t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/ (Oyrm-

a&vkyfief;? pdkufysdK;a&;? arG;jrLa&; ponf) ¤if;wdkUESifh qufpyfí

tjcm;rnfonfwdkYudkvkyfaqmifMuygoenf;/

- tvkyfwm0efcGJa0rI rnfodkU ½Sdygoenf;/

- &moDtvkduf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm; rnfodkU tajymif;tvJ

½Sdygoenf;/

(4) ae&ma'ooGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;

- vltrsm;aexkdif&m e,fajra'orsm;? trsm;jynfol 0efaqmifrI taqmuf

ttHkXmersm; (Oyrm-pmoifausmif;rsm;? apwDykxdk;? bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;

rsm;? bmoma&;taqmufttHkrsm;? usef;rma&;aq;ay;cef;rsm;?

ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;a&;twGuf oGm;a&mufEkdifonfhA[dkXmersm;) ESifh

pdkufysdK;ajrrsm; ponfwdkUonf rnfonfhae&mwGif wnf½Sdygoenf;/

(5) tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom tdrfaxmifpkrsm;ESifh tkyfpkrsm;

- rnfolwdkUonf aetdrfrsm;? wnfae&m? pm;0wfaea&; t&if;tjrpfrsm;?

wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;ESifh,Ofaus;rItaetxm;ponfwdkUaMumifhab;tEÅ&m,f

usa&muf&eftvG,fqHk;tkyfpkrsm; odkUr[kwf tdrfaxmifpkrsm; jzpfygoenf;/


pmrsufESm 12

yHk 6 &yf&Gm\tajctaeudkem;vnfjcif;

tcef;(3)

avhvmcJhorQ . . . - cifrifrIwnf aqmufjcif;

tb,faMumihfvdktyfygovJ/

- &yf&GmESif hcifrifrI

rnfodk Ywnfaqmufrnfenf;/

- &yf&Gmqdkif&mta&;ygaom

tcsufrsm;

tEÅ&m,frSab;uif;zd k Y 0d kif f;0ef;aqmif&Gufpd k Y/


pmrsufESm 13

tcef; 4

vkyfief;tqifh(3) - yg0ifaqmif&Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfjcif;[PDRA]

4-1 PDRA \t,ltq oabmw&m; rlabmif

yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfjcif;(Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment-

PDRA)onfoufqkdifolrsm;tm;vHk;rS¤if;wdkU\b0tay:xdcdkufvmrnfhab;tEÅ&m,frsm;

avsmhyg;ap&ef odkUr[kwf yaysmufap&ef cdkifrmonfh vkyfief;aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udk

oifhwifhavsmufywfonfh tpDtpOfrsm;csrSwfí taumiftxnfazmf aqmif½Guf&ef

tvdkUiSmab;tEÅ&m,ftcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;í qef;ppfavhvmonfh vkyfief;pOf

jzpfygonf/ ¤if;vkyfief;pOfwGif a'ocHrsm;ESifhjyifyyk*¾dKvfrsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifaom &yf½Gmrsm;onf PDRA \ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;

vkyfief;pOf wpfckvHk;\ A[dktcsuftjcmae&mü ½Sdygonf/ PDRA onf vltrsm;\

pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk owfrSwfqHk;jzwff&efESifh vltrsm;\ b0aexdkifrIudk xdckdufEdkifonfh

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&ef vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;ESifh &yf½Gm\t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk

toHk;jyK&ef tm;ay;ygonf/ PDRA onf yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;

tpDtpOfa&;qGJa&;\ tajccH jzpfygonf/ e,fajrcHvltrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk

wm;qD;umuG,f&ef odkUr[kwf avsmhyg;ap&eftwGuf udk,fhtm;udk,fudk; aqmif½GufEdkif

onf? aqmif½Gufvdrfhrnf[laom ,HkMunfcsuftay:wGif tajccHygonf/

PDRA\ tqifhcGJrsm;? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh xGufay:&v'frsm;udk Z,m;-2 wGif azmfjy

xm;ygonf/


pmrsufESm 14

Z,m; 2 ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsufudk yH kpHxkwfpDpOfjcif;

tqifhcG Jrsm;

&nf&G,fcsufrsm; xGufay:&v'frsm;

tqifhcGJ 1 &yf½GmwGif;½Sd ab;&efrsm;udk azmfjyjcif; ab;&efrsm;udk pm&if;jyKvkyfNyD; ¤if;wdkU\

oabmobm0udk azmfxkwfjcif; tqifhcGJ 2 ab;tEÅ&m,fjyajryHka&;qGJjcif; &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,fjyajryHk?

&yf½Gmt&if;jrpfajryHk

tqifhcGJ 3 &yf½Gm\tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIrsm;

ESihfpGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udkazmfjyjcif;

(trsdK;orD;?trsdK;om;rsm;?oufMuD;&G,f

tdkrsm;? roefpGrf;olrsm; ponf)

pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,f

usa&mufvG,frIrsm;udkqef;ppfavhvmjcif;

( CVA)

tqifhcGJ 4 ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk

owfrSwfqHk;jzwfjcif;

&yf½Gmrsm; &ifqkdifae&aom tEÅ&m,f

pm&if;tjynfhtpHk

tqifhcGJ 5 ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk

tqifhowfrSwfjcif;

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk OD;pm;ay;

owfrSwfxm;aom pm&if;

tqifhcGJ 6 vufcHEdkifaom tEÅ&m,ftqifhudk

qHk;jzwfjcif;

rdom;pkESifh &yf½GmvHkjcHKrItwGuf

oabmwlnDxm;aom

tEÅ&m,ftqifhrsm; tqifhcGJ 7 ab;tEÅ&m,f(rsm;)udkwm;qD;umuG,f

jcif;? avQmhcsjcif;? a½TUajymif;jcif;?

odkUr[kwf vufcH&ifqdkifjcif; wdkUwGif

rnfonfudkjyKvkyfrnfudkqHk;jzwfjcif;

oabmwlnDxm;aomvkyfief;rsm;

tcsuftvufrsm;udkpkpnf;NyD;aomtcg&yf½GmrSjyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;ESifhtuJjzwfa&;tzGJY\

tzGJU0ifrsm;u ¤if;wdkU\ awGU½Sdcsufrsm;udk twnfjyK&ef &yf½GmodkU jyefvnfwifjyygonf/

aqG;aEG;wifjy&mwGif ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh b0aexdkifrI? ydkifqkdifypönf;? toufarG;


pmrsufESm 15

0rf;ausmif;? &yf½GmtajccHtaqmuftODrsm;udk ¤if;tEÅ&m,frsm;u Ncdrf;ajcmufrIwdkUudk

azmfxkwfNyD; aqG;aEG;ygonf/ &yf½GmrS jyefvnftoday;ajymMum;csufrsm;tay: tajcjyK

í vdktyfovdk jznfhpGufjcif;? jyifqifjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef jzpfygonf/

4-2 PDRA yHkpH

yg0ifaqmif&GufonfYaus;vufa'o\tuJjzwfcsuf (Participatory Rural Assessment-

PRA) udk PDRA vkyfief;pOf\ &yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,foHk;oyftuJjzwfcsufESifh

tpDtpOfa&;qGJa&;wGif toHk;jyKygonf/ PRA ESifh ywfoufí avhvmEdkif&ef

aemufqufwGJ-1wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ PRAudk toHk;jyKaom PDRA aqmif&Guf&mwGiff

&yf½GmrSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifhtjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk xnfhoGif;jcif;onf

ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom vkyfenf;vkyf[ef jzpfygonf/

PDRA tzGJYGJYonf atmufygwdkYudk owdjyKoifhygonf-

- pHkprf;ar;jref;onfhtaMumif;t&mrSm avhvmpl;prf;rIjyKvkyf&mwGif t"du tav;xm;

&rnfY taMumif;t&mjzpfygonf/

- t"duar;cGef;rsm;onf PDRAtzGJYGJu &,lvdkaom owif;tcsuftvuf rsm;udk

tao;pdwfar;jref;jcif; jzpfygonf/

- enf;vrf;qdkonfrSmtzGJYGJUu owif;tcsuftvuf &,lyHkudk qdkvdkygonf/ Oyrm-

PRAenf;vrf;ud&d,mrsm;?wpfqifhcHpmtkyfpmwrf;ypönf;rsm;? t"du owif;tcsuf

tvuf jznfhqnf;ay;olrsm;udk awGUqHkar;jref;jcif;jzpfygonf/

- t"duwkefUjyefajzMum;olrsm;rSm aus;½GmolBuD;? q&m?q&mrrsm;? oHCmawmfrsm;?

&yf½GmtwGif; aexdkifolrsm;? txl;ojzifh umvMumjrifhpGm aexdkifcJholrsm; ponfwdkU

jzpfygonf/

Z,m; 3 yg0ifaqmif&Gufonfh ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf(PDRA) yH kpH

t"du pHkprf;

ar;jref;onfh

taMumif;t&m

t"du ar;jref;onfh ar;cGef;rsm; enf;vrf; ajzMum;olrsm;

u/ ½IjrifyHk

1/ tEÅ&m,frsm; oif\ rdom;pktwGif;ESifh &yf½GmtwGif;

wGif vGefcJhaom 10ESpf twGif;

jzpfyGm;cJhaom ab;tEÅ&m,fwpfckudk

azmfjyyg/ tb,faMumifh

ab;tEÅ&m,f[k ,lqyg oenf;/

• jzwfoef;vrf;

avQmufjcif;

• tqifh

owfrSwfjcif;

• &GmolMuD;?

• &yf½Gm\

tjcm;ta&;yg

aomyk*¾dKvfrsm;


pmrsufESm 16

2/ ab;tEÅ&m,f

rsm;aMumifh

qHk;&IH;Edkifajc

udk,fa&;udk,fwm? rdom;pkESifh &yf½Gm\

om,m0ajyma&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;udk

Ncdrf;ajcmuftEÅ&m,fjyKaeaom

t&mrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/

• trsdK;om;? trsdK;orD;? uav;oli,f?

roefpGrf;ol? oufBuD;½G,ftdkrsm;\

b0aexdkifrI

• arG;jrLa&; wd&pämefrsm;

• tkd;tdrf ydkifqdkifypönf;rsm;

• aus;vufusef;rma&;XmecGJ? wHwm;?

ausmif;? oabFmqdyf? pmMunfhwdkuf?

"r®m½HkuJhodkUaom tajccH

taqmuftODrsm;

tBuD;av;qHk;[k ,lqaom

ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhqHk;&IH;Edkifajc

odkUr[kwf ab;tEÅ&m,frSmtb,fenf;/

ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhqHk;½IH;EdkifajcavQmhcs

&ef &yf½Gmtaejzifh trsm;qHk; &ifqkdif&

onfh jyóemrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/

• jzwfoef;vrf;

avQmufjcif;

• &moDtvdkuf

jyu©'def

• tqifh

owfrSwf jcif;

• &yf½Gm\

ta&;ygaom

yk*¾dKvfrsm;

• &yf½GmwGif

aexdkifolrsm;

3/ usm;-r

tcef;u@

trsdK;orD;^rdef;uav;? trsdK;om;^

a,mufsm;av; wdkU\ p½dkufvu©Pmrsm;

rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/ rdom;pk? &yf½GmESifh

ydkrdkus,fjyefUaom vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGif;

wGif ¤if;wdkUonf rnfonfhtcef;u@

½Sdonf [k owfrSwfxm;ygoenf;/

• &yf½Gm\

ta&;ygaom

yk*¾dKvfrsm;

• &yf½GmwGif

aexdkifolrsm;

• trsdK;orD;rsm;

tzGJY

4/ b0aexdkifrI

t&nftaoG;

&yf½GmtwGif; rnfolwdkUrSm csrf;om

<u,f0oenf;/ rnfolwdkUrSm qif;&J

EGrf;yg;oenf;/ rnfolwdkUonf ab;

tEÅ&m,f aMumifh xdcdkufrIrS rdrdwdkU

udk,fudk rumuG,fEdkifoenf;/

rnfolwdkUrSm ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; rS

emvefxl&ef tcuftcJ ½Sdoenf;/

vpOf0ifaiGrnfrQ½Sdoenf;/ rnfonfh

• &yf½Gm\

ta&;ygaom

yk*¾dKvfrsm;

• oHCmawmf

rsm;


pmrsufESm 17

toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;

vkyfudkifoenf;/

c/ ½kyfydkif;^½kyf0w¬Kypönf;

1/ e,fajra'o

azmfjycsuf

&yf½Gm\ t½G,ftpm;rSm rnfrQ½Sdyg

oenf;/

&yf½Gm\ e,fedrdwfrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkU

jzpfygoenf;/

&yf½GmteD;½Sd aps;ESifh puf½Hkrsm;wGif

rnfonfh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk

awGU&ygoenf;/ (oD;ESHrsm;? yifv,f

xGufypönf;rsm;? ow¬Krsm;? obm0

"mwfaiGU ponfwdkU) &yf½GmtwGif;wGif

tpm;tpmESifh 0ifaiG t"du&½Sdonfh

t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkU ygenf;/

ajryHkwGif atmufygwdkUudk ae&m

owfrSwf azmfjyyg/

• bk&m;apwDESifh

tjcm;0wfjyK&mae&mrsm;

• rlvwef;?tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;

• aus;vufusef;rma&;XmecGJ?wdkufe,f

aq;&Hkrsm;

• a&ydkufrsm;

• vrkawmrsm;

• oabFmqdyfrsm;

• "r®m&Hkrsm;? &yfol&Gmom;rsm;

pka0;Edkifaomae&m

• &yf½GmtwGif; awGU½Sd&aom ta&;yg

onfh tajccH taqmufttHkrsm;

• aus;&Gm^aus;&Gmtkyfpk\

pmMunfhwkdufrsm;

• &yf½Gmonf aus;vuf pdkufysdK;a&;

vkyfudkifaom &yf½Gm jzpfygu

ajrqDvTm trsdK;tpm; ESifh xGuf½Sdaom

• jzwfoef;

vrf;avQmuf

jcif;

• &yf½Gm\

ta&;ygaom

yk*¾dKvfrsm;

• &GmolMuD;?


pmrsufESm 18

oD;ESHrsm; (pyg;?[if;oD;[if;&Guf?yJ)

• &yf½Gmonf urf;½dk;wef;&yf½Gm jzpfygu

tPÖ0g t&if;tjrpfrsm;

• &yf½Gmonfwd&pämefxdef;ausmif; arG;jrL

aom &yf½Gmjzpfygu pm;usufajr

2/ vlOD;a&qkdif&m

azmfjycsuf

&yf½Gm\ vlOD;a& pkpkaygif;rnfrQ½Sdyg

oenf;/ trsdK;om; rnfrQ½Sdygoenf;/

trsdK;orD; rnfrQ½Sdygoenf;/

a,mufsm;av;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;

rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/ udk,f0efaqmifESifh

EdkUwdkufrdcifrnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/

oufBuD;½G,ftdk rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/

wpfOD;wnf; aexdkif&aom oufBuD;

½G,ftdk rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/ roefpGrf;ol

rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/ wpfOD;wnf;

aexdkif&aom roefpGrf;ol ESifh

oufBuD;½G,ftdk rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/

ajryHkay:wGif txl; vdktyfcsuf½Sdonfh

tkyfpkrsm; aexdkif&m ae&mudk azmfjyyg/

• pl;pkduftkyfpk

awGUqHk

ar;jref;jcif;

• &yf½Gm\

ta&;ygaom

yk*¾dKvfrsm;

• &GmolMuD;

3/t&if;tjrpfrsm;

udk &,l toHk;jyK

EdkifrI ESifh

xdef;csKyfjcif;

rdom;pktwGif;ESifh &yf½GmtwGif;wGif

t&if;tjrpfrsm; udk rnfolu toHk;jyK

oenf;? ydkifqkdifoenf;? xdef;csKyf

oenf;/ odkUr[kwf pDrHcefUcGJoenf;/

(t&if;tjrpfrsm; qdkonfrSm 0ifaiG?

aiGom; ponfwdkU jzpfygonf/) ,if;

t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;?

ydkifqkdifjcif;? xdef;csKyf jcif; odkUr[kwf pDrH

cefUcGJjcif;wGif trsdK;om;rsm;?

trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh uav;oli,f rsm;\

tcef;u@rSm rnfodkU ½Sdygoenf;/

• tqifh

owfrSwf jcif;

• pl;pdkuftkyfpk

aqG;aEG;jcif;

• trsdK;om;

• trsdK;orD;

• uav;oli,f

4/ obm0 ab;

tEÅ&m,frsm;^

enf;ynmqkdif&m

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;

rS vHkjcHKa&;

vGefcJhaom 10ESpftwGif;wGif &yf½Gmu

awGUMuHKcJh&aom ysufpD;rI trsm;jym;qHk;

obm0 ab;tEÅ&m,f rsm;rSm

rnfonfwdkUygenf;/ (toufqHk;½HI;rI?

ydkifqkdif ypönf;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;?

• twdwfjzpfpOf

jzwfoef;azmf

jyjcif;

• &moDtvkduf

jyu©'def

• &yf½Gm\

ta&;ygaom

yk*¾dKvfrsm;


pmrsufESm 19

&yf½GmwGif;½Sd ta&;yg aom

taqmufttHk ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;

ponfwdkU ESifh pyfvsOf;í qHk;½HI;rIh

trsm;qHk;udk qdkvdkygonf/)

vlrnfrQ xdcdkufygoenf;/

¤if;wdkUrSm aexdkif&mae&mrS pGefUcGmoGm;

Mu&ygovm;/ rnfrQMumatmif pGefUcGm

oGm;&ygoenf;/

pGefUcGmoGm;&jcif;aMumifh

rdom;pk^&yf½Gmtay: rnfodkUaom

oufa&mufrIrsm;? xdcdkufrIrsm;

½Sdygoenf;/

vltrsm;\ b0aexdkifrI? tdk;tdrf

ydkifqkdifypönf;ESifh

toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief; rsm;?

&yf½Gm\ ta&;ygaom taqmufttHk?

ypönf;ud&d,m? ae&m Xmersm;tay:

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; aMumifh

vufiif;oufa&mufrIrsm;ESifh umv½Snf

xdcdkufrIrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUygenf;/

vGefcJhaom 10ESpftwGif;wGif &yf½Gmü

ab;tEÅ&m,f rjzpfyGm;rD?

jzpfyGm;aepOfESifh jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf

&yf½Gmonf rnfodkU aqmif½GufcJhyg

oenf;/ rdom;pkESifh &yf½Gmtqifh wGif

rnfonfh vkyfief;rsm;udk ,cifu

aqmif½GufcJhNyD; ,ck raqmif½Gufyg

oenf;/

vmrnfh 10ESpftwGif;wGif tjcm;

rnfonfh ab;tEÅ&m,f?

Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,frsm;

jzpfyGm;rnf[k &yf½Gmu

cefUrSef;ygoenf;/ (urf;&dk;wef;ajrrsm;

avsmhenf;oGm;jcif;ponf)

rkwfokef&moDwdkawmif;jcif;

a&;qGJjcif;

• tqifhowf

rSwfjcif;

• tkyfpkvdkuf

aqG;aEG;jcif;


pmrsufESm 20

*/ vlrIa&;^tzGJUtpnf; qdkif&m

1/ tajccH

0efaqmifrI

rsm;udk &,l

toHk;jyKEkdif

jcif;

tjcm;0efaqmifrI

rsm;

• tif*sDtdkrsm;u

ay;tyf aom

0efaqmifrIrsm;?

• c&pf,mef bk&m;

ausmif;rsm;u

ay;tyfaom

0efaqmifrIrsm;

• bk&m;apwDrsm;

wGif &&SdEdkifaom

0efaqmifrIrsm;

• pD;yGm;a&;

vkyfief;

rsm;(qefpuf)^

yk*¾vdu u@rS

ay;tyfaom

0efaqmifrI rsm;

&yf½GmtwGif;wGif tpdk;&u ay;tyfonfh

rnfonfh tajccH0efaqmifrIrsm;

&½SdEdkifygoenf;/ Oyrm-usef;rma&;

jyKpkapmifha½SmufrI? ynma&;? a&ESifh

ywf0ef;usif oefU½Sif;a&;? u,fq,fa&;

tultnD? toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;

tultnD? vHkjcHKa&;ESifh Oya'

tultnD ponfwdkUjzpfygonf/

&yf½Gmudk tajccH0efaqmifrIrsm;

jznfhqnf;ay;onfh tjcm;

tzGJUtpnf;rsm; ½Sdygovm;/

ab;tEÅ&m,f rjzpfyGm;rD? jzpfyGm;aepOf

ESifh jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf &yf½GmwGif

rnfonfh0efaqmifrI rsm;udk

&½SdEdkifygoenf;/ tpdk;&u ay;tyfonfh

rnfonfh tajccH0efaqmifrIrsm;udk

rnfolwdkU &,ltoHk;jyKEdkifygoenf;/

&yf½GmtwGif;wGif &yf½GmtajcjyK

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? jynfolvlxk

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? vuf½Sd ½Sdaeygovm;/

• awGUqHkar;jref;

jcif;

• Aif Venn tajcjy yHk

a&;qGJjcif;

• aus;½GmtzGJU

• &yf½GmwGif

aexkdifolrsm;

• &GmolMuD;

• oHCmawmf

rsm;

2/ rdom;pk^&yf½Gm

pkpnf;nDñGwfjcif;

rdom;pkudk rnfodkU ,lq^t"dyÜg,f

owfrSwfygoenf;/

&yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;rSm rnfolwdkU

ygenf;/ (wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; yg0ifrI)

Zmwd&yf½GmrSm rnfonfhae&m

a'ojzpfMuygoenf;/ &yf½GmtwGif;

rnfonfh yGJvrf;tcrf;tem;rsm;wGif

rwlnDaom tkyfpkrsm; awGUqHkNyD;

tcsif;csif; tultnD ay;Muygoenf;/

ab;tEÅ&m,f rjzpfyGm;rD?

jzpfyGm;aepOfESifh jzpfyGm;NyD; aemuf

• awGUqHkar;jref;

jcif;

• pm½Gufpmwrf;

rsm;udk jyefvnf

oHk;oyfjcif;

• jynfolvlxk

tzGJUtpnf;

• vltrsm;


pmrsufESm 21

rwlnDaomtkyfpkrsm;onf

rnfonfhenf;vrf; rsm;jzifh tcsif;csif;

tultnD ay;Muygoenf;/

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;onf &yf½GmwGif

aexdkifMuolrsm;tMum; qufqHa&;

rsm;tay: rnfodkU tjyKoabmESifh

qdk;usdK; oufa&mufrIrsm; ½Sdygoenf;/

ab;tEÅ&m,f jzpfyGm;aepOf ESifh

jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf ¤if;wdkUonf tcsif;

csif; rnfodkU tultnDay;Muygoenf;/

aus;½Gm ^&yfuGufaumifpDrsm;\

vkyfief; wm0efrsm;ESifh tcef;u@ rsm;

rSm rnfonfwdkUygenf;/ &yf½GmtwGif;

wGif tjcm;rnfonfh tzGJUtpnf; rsm;udk

wnfaxmifNyD; jzpfygoenf;/

,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc

avQmhcs&ef rnfodkU tultnD

ay;ygoenf;/ odkUr[kwf

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk wkefUjyef&efESifh

ab;avsmhyg;ap&ef jyifqifa&;twGuf

&yf½Gmudk rnfodkUtultnDay;ygoenf;/

C/ aphaqmfrI^oabmxm;qkdif&m

1/ tajymif;tvJ

jyKvkyfEkdif&efESifh

xda&mufpGm

tpDtpOf

a&;qGJEkdif &ef

pGrf;aqmifEdkif

onf[k cH,ljcif;

vuf½Sd &yf½GmtajcjyK tzGJUtpnf;rsm;?

jynfolvlxk tzGJUtpnf;rsm; &yf½Gm

twGif; ½Sdygovm;/

&yf½GmtwGif;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,f

pDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifh ywfoufaom

vuf½SdtzGJUtpnf; rnfrQ ½Sdygoenf;/

,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif &yf½GmtwGif;ü

apwemh0efxrf; aqmif½Gufonfh tzGJUcGJ

½Sdygovm;/

ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc?

ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufrIwdkUudk

avQmhcs&eftwGuf &yf½Gmonf rnfodkU

pDpOfxm;ygoenf;/ rnfonfwdkUudk

• tkyfpkvdkufESifh

wpfOD;csif;

awGUqHk

ar;jref;jcif;

• &yf½Gm\

ta&;ygaom

yk*¾dKvfrsm;

• &GmolMuD;

• &yf½GmwGif

aexkdifolrsm;


pmrsufESm 22

aqmif½GufNyD; jzpfygoenf;/

2/ jyif;xefpGm

xdckdufrI?

raocsmrI?

rvHkjcHKrI wdkUudk

&ifqkdifajz½Sif;

EkdifpGrf;

ab;tEÅ&m,f rusa&mufrD? usa&muf

aepOfESifh usa&mufNyD; tcsdefwGif

vltrsm; awGUMuHK cHpm;&aom jyif;xef

pGm xdcdkufrI? raocsmrI? rvHkjcHKrI rsm;rSm

rnfonfwdkUygenf;/

ab;tEÅ&m,f rusa&mufrD?

usa&mufaepOfESifh usa&mufNyD;

tcsdefwGif &yf½Gmtaejzifh rnfodkU

cHpm;&ygoenf;/ cHpm;rIrsm; tm;vHk;udk

udkifwG,f ajz½Sif;&ef &yf½GmwGif

aexdkifolrsm;onf rnfonf wdkUudk

aqmif½GufMuygoenf;/

• ar;cGef;vTmESifh

awGUqHkar;jref;

jcif;

• &yf½Gm\

ta&;ygaom

yk*¾dKvfrsm;

• &yf½GmwGif

aexkdifolrsm;

• 0rf;qGJq&mr

rsm;

OD;wnf&nf½G,faom &yf½Gmrsm;onf Ncdrf;ajcmufaeaomtEÅ&m,frsm; (Oyrm- qlemrD?

ivsifvIyfjcif;)aMumifh xdcdkufrnfhtaetxm;½Sdaomfvnf; ab;tEÅ&m,frMuHKawGU&ao;

ygu atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;yg/

• rnfonfh ab;&efrsm;onf &yf½Gmudk Ncdrf;ajcmufvsuf½Sdygoenf;/

• ab;&efrsm;onf rnfonfh ae&mwGif rnfuJhodkU jzpfyGm;rnfenf;/

• ab;&efrsm;onf tb,faMumifh jzpfyGm;rnfenf;/

• ,if;ab;&efrsm;jzpfyGm;ygu &yf½GmtwGif;wGif touf½SifaexkdifrI? tdk;tdrf

ypönf;ydkifqkdifrI? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh t"duta&;ygaom

ypönf;ud&d,mae&mXmersm; rnfodkU jzpfrnfenf;/

4-3 PDRAudkrnfodkUaqmif&Gufrnfenf; ...tqifhcG J1rS3txdenf;vrf;rsm; tqifhcG J1/ &yf½GmtwGif;½Sdab;&efrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfxkwfygonf/ xGufay:&v'f

rsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD; ab;&ef\ oabmobm0udk odEdkif&ef jzpfyGm;Edkifonfh

tBudrf ta&twGuf? &moDtvkdufjzpfyGm;jcif;? jzpfyGm;onfhae&ma'o?

apmpD;pGmowday;&ef jzpfEdkifajc? ab;&efESifh pyfvsOf;í vltrsm;\

A[kokwwdkUudk pm&if;jyKpk azmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/

tqifhcG J2/ &yf&Gm\ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufvG,frIrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmifEdkif&nfrsm;

qdk&mwGif &yf&Gm\ab;&efrsm; tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIESifh obm0


pmrsufESm 23

t&if;tjrpfrsm;? ypönf;ud&d,mae&mXme 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk azmfxkwfjcif;

odkUr[kwf 'pf*spfw,f enf;ynmoHk; ajryHkrsm; a&;qGJjcif; jzpfygonf/

tqifhcG J3/ ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhqHk;½IH;Edkifajcudk azmfxkwfowfrSwfjcif;ESifh &yf½Gm\

taxGaxGtEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIrsm;Esifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udktuJjzwf

azmfxkwfjcif;jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif tcsuftvufrsm;udk usm;-r tvkduf

cGJjcm;xm;&efaqmif½Guf&ygonf/ uav;oli,frsm;ESifh roefpGrf;olrsm;

uJhodkUaom xl;jcm;onfhvkdtyfcsuf½Sdaom tzGJYGJUrsm;udk trsm;qHk; xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;ay;ygonf/

owif;tcsuftvufrsm; aumuf,lEdkif&ef tqifhcGJ 1 rS 3 twGuf atmufazmfjyyg

PRA enf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKEdkifygonf-

4-3-1 tcsdefjyrsOf;

tcsdefjyrsOf;onf &yf½GmtwGif;wGif jzpfyGm;cJhaom ab;&ef? jzpfpOfESifh ta&;ygaom

jzpf&yfrsm;udkazmfjyonfh vGefpGm½dk;½Sif;aom enf;vrf;ud&d,m jzpfygonf/ aumfvHwpfck

wGif ckESpfudkazmfjyNyD; tjcm;aumfvHwpfckwGifjzpfyGm;cJhaom jzpf&yfrsm;udk azmfjyygonf/

&nf&G,fcsuf

&yf½GmtwGif;wGif jzpfyGm;aom ta&;ygt&ma&mufonfh ab;tEÅ&m,f jzpf&yfrsm; udk

avhvmod½Sd&ef

t"duar;cGef;erlemrsm;

1/ &yf½GmtwGif;wGif jzpfyGm;cJhaom odkUr[kwf jzpfyGm;aeaom ab;&efjzpf&yf rsm;rSm

rnfonfwdkUenf;/ rnfonfhtcsdefwGif jzpfyGm;cJhoenf;/

2/ rnfonfh xl;xl;jcm;jcm;jzpf&yfrsm;onf &yf½Gmudk xdcdkufcJhygoenf;/ rnfonfh tcsdef

wGif jzpfyGm;cJhygoenf;/

OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;yH k

þenf;vrf;ud&d,mrSm &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm; pka0;a&muf½Sdvm&ef apmifhqkdif;aepOf

toHk;jyKygu xda&mufrI ½Sdygonf/

1/ PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olwpfOD;onf &yf½GmwGifaexdkifoltcsdKUtm; &yf½GmtwGif;

wGif rnfonfhab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? rnfonfhckESpfwGif jzpfyGm;cJhaMumif; pwifí ar;jref;

Ekdifygonf/

2/ PDRAOD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olonf tajzrsm;udk pm½GufvSefum;csyfay:wGif pwifí

a&;om;Edkifygonf/


pmrsufESm 24

yH k 7 t&if;tjrpfjyajryHk? atmifvIdif(1)

aus;&Gm

3/ &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm; aqG;aEG;aepOf &yf½GmrS pma&;uRrf;usifolwpfOD;tm; pm½Guf

vSefum;csyfay:wGif a&;om;&ef wm0efudk vTJtyfay;Ekdifygonf/

obm0ab;jzpfpOfZ,m;erlemudk Z,m; 4wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

Z,m; 4 &efukefwdkif;? o&ufacsmif;aus;&Gm?\ ordkif;jzpfpOf jzwfoef;vrf;avQmufjcif;

ckESpf tjzpftysuf

1974 a&MuD;jcif; (wpfjrdKUe,fvHk;)

1988 &GmwGif a&MuD;jcif;? wHwm;ysufpD;cJhonf/

2001 a&MuD;jcif;? tysuftpD; r&Sdyg? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; cufcJ jzpfygonf/ (a&tjrifh

4ay-5ay)

a&MuD;jcif;? tysuftpD; r&Sdyg? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; cufcJrI &Sdygonf/ (a&tjrifh

3ay-4ay)

2004 a&MuD;jcif;? tysuftpD; r&Sdyg? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; cufcJrI &Sdygonf/ (a&tjrifh

3ay)

2007 qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wdkufcwfjcif;? ausmif; (5)ausmif;wGif trdk;rsm; vefjcif;?

opfyif (162)yif xdcdkufcH&jcif;? (12)&ufMum vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; cufcJjcif;/

4-3-2 ab;&efESif h t&if;tjrpfajryHk

&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;onf ¤if;wkdU &yf½Gm

&ifqkdifae&aom ab;&efrsm;udk od½SdMu

ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh ab;&efajryHkudk ¤if;wdkU

udk,fwkdiftwGufa&;qGJ&efrvdktyfyg/ ab;&ef

ajryHkrsm;rSm tif*sDtdk vkyfom;rsm; uJhodkUaom

jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;twGufa&;qGJjcif;jzpfygonf/

odkU&mwGif ab;&efESifh t&if;tjrpfajryHk

a&;qGJjcif;jzifh a&vTrf;rdk;rI uJhodkUaom jzpf&yf

rsm;aMumifhtEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom&yf½Gm

twGif;aexdkifolrsm; txl;ojzifh oufBuD;

½G,ftdkrsm;Esifh roefpGrf;olrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;

odompGm azmfxkwfEdkifaponfh enf;vrf;

ud&d,mjzpfygonf/ þenf;vrf;ud&d,mjzifh

&yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf ¤if;wdkU\

t&if;tjrpf tajccHudk Munfh½Iavhvmí


pmrsufESm 25

pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkEkdifygonf/ uav;oli,frsm;onf¤if;wdkU&yf½Gm\ajryHkudk

aumif;pGma&;qGJEkdifMuygonf/

&nf&G,fcsufrsm;

1/ ab;&efwpfpHkwpf&mrsm;aMumifh tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom e,fy,frsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,f

usa&mufvG,faom &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;udk azmfxkwf&ef

2/ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJ&mü &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm; toHk;jyKEkdifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;

udk azmfxkwf&ef

t"duar;cGef;rsm; erlem

1/ &yf½Gmudk tEÅ&m,fjzpfapaom ab;&efrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/

2/ &yf½GmwGif;½Sd rnfonfhae&ma'o^e,fy,frsm;onf tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvsuf

½Sdygoenf;/

3/ &yf½Gm\tajccHtaqmuftODrsm; odkUr[kwf ta&;ygaom ypönf;ud&d,m ae&mXme

0efaqmifrIrsm;teuf rnfonfhwdkUonf tEÅ&m,f½Sdaeygoenf;/

4/ tEÅ&m,fESifhtxdawGU&qHk;olrsm;tultnDvdktyfzG,f&m½Sdolrsm;onf rnfolwdkUenf;/

5/ &yf½GmtwGif;wGif rnfonfh t&if;tjrpfrsm; ½Sdygoenf;/

6/ &yf½GmtwGif;wGif rnfolwdkUonf t&if;tjrpf tenf;qHk; ½Sdolrsm; jzpfygoenf;/

(rdom;pk odkUr[kwf &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;)

7/ &½SdEdkifaomt&if;tjrpfrsm;udkrnfolwdkUu&,ltoHk;jyKEdkifNyD;xdef;csKyfxm;Edkifygoenf;/

8/ rnfonfh t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc ½Sdaeygoenf;/

9/ tb,faMumifh tEÅ&m,f jzpfEdkifajc ½Sdygoenf;/


ajryHka&;qGJjcif;rSm &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm; pHknDpGm a&muf½Sdvm&ef apmifhqkdif;aepOf

toHk;jyKEdkifaom avhusifhcef;wpfrsdK; jzpfygonf/ þavhusifhcef;udk rnfonfhtcsdefwGif

rqkd Mum;jzwfajymqdkaqG;aEG;Ekdifygonf/ ajryHkudk pm½GufvSefum;csyfay:wGif a&;qGJygu

eH&Hay:wGifcsdwfqGJxm;EdkifNyD; &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;taejzifh ¤if;wdkU tvdk½Sdonfhtcsdef

wGifxyfrHjznfhpGufEkdifygonf/ &yf½GmwGifaexkdifolrsm;onf ajrjyifwGifvnf; vufacsmif;

odkUr[kwf wkwfacsmif;jzifh ajryHka&;qGJEkdifygonf/ ¤if;wdkU ajryHka&;qGJaepOf Mum;rjzwf

ygESifh/ ajryHka&;qGJNyD;rSom rSwfpka&;om;olu rSwfpkpmtkyfwGif ul;,la&;om;&ef

jzpfygonf/


pmrsufESm 26

1/ PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;tm; &yf½GmtwGif; xif½Sm;

aom ae&mtrSwftom;wpfckudk azmfxkwfygap/

2/ ueOD;wGif PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu ,if; txifu& ae&mudk udk,fpm;jyK&ef

trSwftom;wpfck jyKvkyfyg/ odkUr[kwf ausmufcJwpfvHk;jzifh rSwfom;xm;yg/

3/ xdkUaemuf PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm; &yf½Gm\

e,fedrdwfudk a&;qGJygap/

4/ xdkUaemuf aetdrfrsm;? ta&;ygaom ypönf;ud&d,m taqmuftODrsm;? &yf½GmwGif;½Sd

t&if;tjrpfrsm; wnf½Sd&mae&mudk a&;qGJazmfjyygap/

5/ t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk rnfolwdkU &,loHk;pGJEkdifNyD; xdddef;csKyfxm;oenf; uJhodkUaom

ar;cGef;rsm;udk PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu ar;jref;&ef jzpfygonf/

6/ xdkUaemuf rdk;acgifa&½Sm;jcif;? odkUr[kwf a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;uJhodkUaom ab;&efrsm;aMumifh

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifajc½Sdonfhae&ma'orsm;udk&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm;rSwfom;

ap&ef jzpfygonf/

7/ xdkUaemuf &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom ae&ma'o

rsm;wGif ½Sdaejcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? ab;tEÅ&m,ftwGuf BudKwifjyifqif&ef

odkUr[kwfab;tEÅ&m,frSjyefvnfxlaxmif&eftwGuf t&if;tjrpfenf;yg;jcif;aMumifh

vnf;aumif;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifajctrsm;qHk;jzpfolrsm;udk&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;u

azmfxkwf&ef jzpfygonf/

4-3-3 &moDtvdkuf jyu©'def

&moDtvdkuf jyu©'defwGif &moDtvkduf tajymif;tvJrsm;? ¤if;wdkUESifh qufpyfaeaom

ab;&efrsm;?a&m*grsm;? &yf½GmwGifjzpfyGm;aomjzpf&yfrsm;ESifh wpfESpfwmtwGif; vwpfvpD

ESifh qufpyfrI½Sdaom tjcm; owif;tcsuftvufrsm; trsm;tjym; yg0ifEkdifygonf/

ajymif;vJrI\tqifh? jyif;xefrI (odkhr[kwf) twkdif;twmudk opf&Gufrsm; toHk;jyKí

azmfjyyg/

&nf&G,fcsuf

&moDtvkduf vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? ab;&efrsm;? tEÅ&m,frsm;taMumif; avhvm&ef

t"du ta&;ygaom ar;cGef;erlemrsm;

1/ ESpfwpfESpfwGif rnfonfh &moDrsm;½Sdygoenf;/

2/ &yf½GmtwGif; jzpfyGm;aom ab;&efrsm;^tEÅ&m,frsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/ rnfonfh

tcsdefwGif jzpfyGm;oenf;/

3/ rnf

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vufpGJpmtkyf

pmrsufESm 27

Uenf;/

½GufvSef

nfhvrsm;

oD;ESHrsm;

wftom;

jzmifhrsm;

ufyJoD;ESH

ygonf/

jzifhazmfjy

nf/

Edk 'D


pmrsufESm 28

4-3-4 tqifhowfrSwfjcif;

tqifhowfrSwfjcif;avhusifhcef;rsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;onf jyóemrsm;udk qef;ppfavhvm

&ef odkUr[kwf ajz½Sif;csufrsm;udk csdefqpOf;pm;Ekdif&ef taxmuftuljyKygonf/ tvGef

toHk;0ifaom enf;vrf;ud&d,mwpf&yfrSm t½G,frwlnDaom opf½Gufrsm;? odkUr[kwf

ausmufcJrsm;udk toHk;jyKí jyóemrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;? ajz½Sif;csufrsm;udk a½SUaemuf

pDpOfjcif; jzpfygonf/ opf½Gufrsm;? ausmufcJrsm;rSm aiGukefaMu;uscHí 0,f,l&ef

rvdktyfbJ &yf½GmtwGif; ae&mtESHUtjym;wGif awGU½SdEdkifygonf/ tqifhowfrSwfjcif;rSm

omreftm;jzifh tcsdefMumjrihfpGm jyKvkyf&wwfygonf/ taMumif;rSm &yf½GmwGifaexdkifol

rsm;u jyóemrsm;? odkUr[kwf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk tb,faMumifh a½SUwGif xm;oifhonf?

aemufwGifxm;oifhonf[laom taMumif;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&jcif;aMumifhjzpfygonf/ þ

avhusifhcef;onf aqG;aEG;n§dEdIif;Edkifa&;ulnDyHhydk;jcif;aMumifh&yf½GmtwGufwefzdk;½Sdygonf/

&nf&G,fcsuf

&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;\ OD;pm;ay;rsm;udkod½Sd&efESifh &yf½Gmu &ifqdkifae&aom ta&;yg

t&ma&mufqHk; jyóemrsm;udk od½Sd&ef

t"duar;cGef; erlemrsm;

1/ &yf½GmwGif MuHKawGUae&aom t"du udpö&yfrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/

2/ taMumif;&if;rsm;tm;vHk;udk a½SUaemufpDpOfrnfqdkygu yxrqHk; ajz&Sif;oifhonfh

ta&;BuD;qHk; taMumif;tcsufrSm tb,fygenf;/

3/ 'kwd,taMumif;tcsuf? wwd,taMumif;tcsufrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/


1/ PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm; odkUr[kwf vli,frsm;tm;

&yf&GmwGif rnfonfhjyóemrsm;udk t"du MuHKawGUae&aMumif; ar;jref;yg/

2/ OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu jzpfap? &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolwpfOD;u jzpfap? jyóemrsm;udk

pm½GufvSefum;csyfay:wGif pm&if;jyKpka&;om;xm;&ef jzpfygonf/

3/ jyóemrsm;tm;vHk;udk a&;om;NyD;pD;aomtcg OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGif

aexdkifolrsm;tm; ¤if;jyóemrsm;udk tqifhowfrSwfapygonf/ &yf½GmwGif aexkdif

olrsm;aqG;aEG;aepOf a½SUaemuftqifh ajymif;vJEkdifjcif;aMumifh rifwHjzifh ra&;om;

ygESifh/

4/ tqifhowfrSwf&mwGif ausmufcJ odkUr[kwf opf½Gufrsm;udk aumif;pGmtoHk;jyKEdkifyg

onf/ (t½G,ftpm;rwlnDaoma&mifpHkpuúLrsm;udkyif toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/) &yf½GmwGif

aex

ao

5/ rifw

¤if;

ww

Z,m;-6

zsmyHkjrdKUe

jyóem

aomuf

tcdktu

tpm;t

tdrfoHk;

usef;rm

t0wft

jyefvnf

qufoG

ydkUaqmi

pD;yGm;a&

4-3-5

jzwfo

&yf½Gmt

jzwfo

jzwfo

&nf&G,

&yf½Gm\

odkUr[k

ta&;B

1/ ajrj

oe

xdkifolrsm;\

omtcg ¤if;

wHrsm;udk

;wdkU owfrS

wfMuygonf

6

e,f&yf&Gmwpf

mrsm;

a&

um

tpm

ypönf;

ma&;

txnf

nfxlaxmifa

,fa&;

ifa&;

&;

jzwfoef

ef;vrf;avQ

twGif;wGif

ef;vrf;avQ

ef;vrf;avQ

,fcsuf

\tEÅ&m,fu

wf &½Sdaea

BuD;aom a

jrifha'orsm

enf;/

\aqG;aEG;n

;ausmufcJo

toHk;jyKí

rwfxm;ao

nf/

{&m0wD

pfckü awGUMuH

a&;

;vrf;avQm

Qmufjcif;rSm

vrf;aMu

Qmuf&ygon

Qmuf&mwGif

usa&mufvG

aom t&if

ar;cGef;erle

m;wGif r

n§dEdIif;rIta

odkUr[kwfo

tqifho

omtqifhudk

wDwdkif;? zsmyH

MuK&aom

mufjcif;

m tvGefay

Mumif;wpfckt

nf/ tkyfp

if ¤if;udkyg0

vG,frI?

;tjrpfrsm;u

remrsm;

nfonfht&

ay: tajccH

opf&GufwdkUu

wfrSwfrnf

udk zsufíjyif

yH kjrdKUe,f \

ysmf½TifzG,fa

twdkif; o

pkaqG;aEG;p

0ifapoifhyg

ab;tEÅ&m

udk od½Sd&ef

&if;tjrpfrs

jrefrmh&

cHí tqifh

udk ajymif;a T

qdkygu &

ifqifa&;o

tqifhowf

tq

aumif;aom

odkUr[kwf

pOfwGif BuD

gonf/

&m,fpDrHcefUcG

sm;ESifh ypö

&yf&GmtajcjyKab;t

owfrSwfrI

½TUEkdifjcif;aM

&yf½GmwGif

om;&ef wpf

wfrSwfjcif; e

ifhowfrSwfjc

m avhusif

OD;wnf&m

BuD;pdk;vTrf;rdk;

cGJa&;twGu

pönf;ud&d,m


p

rsm; ajymif

Mumifh jzpfy

aexkdifolr

cgwpf&H wG

erlem

jcif;

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

ifhcef; jzpfy

&m bufw

;ol wpfOD

uf &½SdEd

mae&mXme

vufpGJpmtkyf

pmrsufESm 29

;vJoGm;

ygonf/

rsm;onf

wGefUqkwf

( 6 ) ( 8 ) ( 4 ) ( 9 ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) ( 3 ) ( 7 ) ( 5 ) 10 )

ygonf/

wpfckodkU

OD;&Sdygu

Edkifaom

ersm;½Sdyg


pmrsufESm 30

2/ ajredrfha'orsm;wGif rnfonfht&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh ypönf;ud&d,mae&mXmersm; ½Sdyg

oenf;/

3/ yifv,furf;ajcteD;wGif rnfonfht&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh ypönf;ud&d,mae&mXmersm;

½Sdygoenf;/

4/ yifv,fwGif rnfonfht&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh ypönf;ud&d,mae&mXmersm; ½Sdygoenf;/


1/ þavhusifhcef;twGuf rnfodkUaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm; vdktyfaMumif; &yf½Gm

wGif aexdkifolrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;yg/ Oyrm- a&vTrf;rdk;jcif; odkUr[kwf rD;avmifjcif;

jzpfEkdifonfh tEÅ&m,f½Sdaomae&mrsm;? &½SdEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm; (,if;t&if;

tjrpfrsm;rSmvnf; tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifajc&Sdygonf)? ta&;ygaom ypönf;ud&d,m

ae&mxdkifcif;Xmersm;ESifh tjcm;t&mrsm; jzpfygonf/

2/ rnfonfhOD;wnf&mbuftwkdif; qufvufaqmif½GufoifhaMumif;? rnfonfh

vrf;aMumif;jzifh oGm;vQif taumif;qHk;jzpfaMumif; &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;xHrS

tMuHÓPfawmif;cHyg/

3/ jzwfoef;vrf;avQmufjcif; avhusifhcef;jyKvkyfaepOf owif;tcsuftvuf

ay;Ekdifaom &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;udk ac:aqmifoGm;yg/

4/ PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olESifh rSwfpka&;om;olwdkUonf ¤if;wdkU avhvmawGU½Sdcsuf

rsm;? &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;u jznfhoGif;ay;csuf ajymMum;csufrsm;udk a&;om;

xm;yg/

5/ jzwfoef;vrf;avQmufjcif;NyD;qHk;aomtcg ajryHka&;qGJNyD; ¤if;ajryHk rSefuefaMumif;udk

&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;rS t"duta&;ygaom owif;tcsuftvuf jznfhqnf;ay;ol

rsm;ESifh twl ppfaq;yg/


pmrsufESm 31

yHk 7 jzwfoef;vrf;avQmufjcif; Oyrm (zdvpfyd kifEd kifiH Pook Paliparan, Dasmariñas, Cavite )

ajrjrifha'o ajredrfh prf; acsmif; ajredrfh wl;

ajrmif; aus;½Gm ajrjrifh acsmif; ajrjrifh

a&t&if;tjrpf rdk;a& rdk;a&?

a&oGif; rdk;a&? pD;qif;?

,dkpdrfh rdk;a&?

a&oGif; rdk;a&?

a&wGif; rdk;a& rdk;a& rdk;a&

ajrqDvTm oJajr

½THUajr ausmuf ½THU ausmuf oJ? ½THU?

½THUajr oJ? ½THU?

½THUajr ½THU

oD;ESHrsm; pyg;? MuH?

c&rf;oD;? yJ?

ajymif;

pyg;? ses- bania? i½kwf

aumif;? yJ?

c&rf; csOfoD;

0g; pyg;? ses- bania?i½kwf

aumif;?yJ?

c&rf;csOfoD;

0g; ½Hk;ywD?

rkefvmO?

pyspfoD;? yJ

ajryJ?

yavmyDeH

pyg;?

ajymif;? yJ

0g; pyg;? yJ?

MuH

pm;usufrsm; pm;usuf

jrufcif; gliri-cidia jruf azolla jruf ajruGuf

rsm;wGif

aygif;yif

rsm;

guines grass

jrufcif;

opfyifrsm; gliricidia? o&uf?

leucaena? rmvum?

iSufaysm?

refusnf;

Gliricidia iSufaysm? gliricidia? leucaena

gliricidia ?

iSufaysm? leucaena?

acacia ac:

xaemif;rsdK;?

wrm

gliricidia ? leucaena

acacia? o&uf?

rmvum?

tkef;?

leucaena? ydEéJ

o&uf o&uf?

refusnf;?

aZmif;

vsm;

wd&pämefrsm; EGm;?

carabao?

qdwf

ig;cl?

mudfish?

ig;odkif;? zm;?

*Pef;

golden snail ac:

c½krsdK;? 0uf?

ig;? bJ? zm;

ig;cl?

zm;? c½k acG;?

aMumif?

0uf? qdwf?

uRJEGm;?

Muufqif

qdwf?

carabao ? uRJEGm;

c½k? ig;cl uRJEGm;?

carabao ? qdwf

jyóemrsm; ajrwdkufpm;

jcif;? a&½Sm;

jcif;

ydk;rTm; ESifh

a&m*g e,fajrcH

t&m½Sdrsm;

rpnf;vHk;

jcif;

ajrwdkuf

pm;jcif;?

a&½Sm;

jcif;

ajrwdkuf

pm;jcif;?

a&½Sm;

jcif; tcGifhtvrf;rsm; vrf;odkU

oGm;a&muf

Edkifjcif;


pmrsufESm 32

4-3-6 ordkif;jzpfpOf jyefajymif;yH kazmfjcif;

ordkif;jzpfpOf jyefajymif;yHkazmfjcif;rSm &yf½GmtwGif;wGif ab;&efrsm; jzpfyGm;cJhonfh

jzpfpOfESifh jzpfyGm;rI wdkUudk ½kyfyHkjzifh azmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf

10ESpf odkUr[kwf 5ESpfwmumvudk tajccHí ¤if;wdkU\ twdwfjzpfpOfudk jyefvnf

oHk;oyfEkdifygonf/ b0aexdkifrItay: ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ oufa&mufrIudk azmfjy&m

wGif ta&;BuD;qHk; tcsdefumvrSm vGefcJhaom 5ESpfwmumvjzpfonf[kvnf; qHk;jzwf

Edkifygonf/

&nf&G,fcsufrsm;

1/ &yf½GmtwGif;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;onfh twdwfjzpfpOf? ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;qDodkU

OD;wnfaomtaMumif;tcsufrsm;? obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vltrsm;\ b0aexdkifrI

tay: oufa&mufrIwdkUudk avhvm&ef?

2/ ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh obm0t&if;tjrpf rnfrQ xdcdkufaMumif;? aemufxyf

rnfrQ usef½SdEkdifaMumif; azmfjy&ef?

t"duar;cGef;erlemrsm;

1/ oif\b0wGifvnf;aumif;? ywf0ef;usifwGifvnf;aumif; ab;&efaMumifh rnfodkU

xdcdkufoenf;/ (Oyrm-a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;? rdk;acgifjcif;? awmrD;avmifjcif;)

2/ tNrJwap þodkUyif xdckdufygovm;/

3/ ,if;ab;&efrsm;aMumifhxdcdkufrIonf ,cifuxufydkrdkjyif;xefvmonf[k rnfonfh

tcsdefwGif pwifí owdjyKrdygoenf;/

4/ ,if;ab;&efrsm;onf tb,faMumifh ,cifuxuf ydkrdkjyif;xefvmygoenf;/


ab;&efajryHka&;qGJNyD;aomtcg twdwfjzpfpOfjyefajymif;yHkazmfjcif;avhusifhcef;udktoHk;jyK

í &yf½GmtwGif;ab;&efrsm;\taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifhoufa&mufrIrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;ajymMum;

Ekdifygonf/

1/ PDRAOD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm; b0wGifab;tEÅ&m,f(rsm;)

aMumifh xdcdkufrItaMumif; ar;jref;&ef jzpfygonf/

2/ OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu ab;tEÅ&m,f(rsm;)jzpfyGm;cJhaom ckESpfudk a&;om;yg/

3/ ab;tEÅ&m,f(rsm;) jzpfyGm;&onfh taMumif;&if;rsm;udk OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu

aemufqufwGJar;cGef; ar;jref;yg/ ueOD;wGif tajzrsm;udk OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu

a&;rSwfyg/


pmrsufESm 33

4/ vGefcJhaom ESpf50cefUumvu ,if;odkUaom ab;&efrsm; usa&mufcJhjcif; ½Sd^r½Sd udk

&yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;tm; OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu qufvuf ar;jref;yg/ OD;aqmif

aqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;tm; &yf½GmtwGif; twdwfjzpfpOfrsm;udk 10ESpf

odkUr[kwf 5ESpfpD ydkif;jcm;í vGefcJhaomESpf 50 odkUr[kwf ESpf 30 txd jyefvnf

oHk;oyf&ef tMuHjyKyg/

5/ xdkUaemuf tajzrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wif&ef tkyfpk0ifwpfOD;udk wm0ef ay;yg/

Z,m;-8 jrefrmEdkifiH? o&ufacsmif;aus;&Gm\ ordkif;jzpfpOf jyefajymif;yH kazmfjcif;

1951-1960 • rlvwef;ausmif;udkzGifhvSpfcJUygonf/

• tdrfaxmifpk(300)onf v,f,m pdkufysdK;a&; vkyfudkifygonf/

• &Gmbkef;MuD;ausmif;udk jyKjyifcJhygonf/

1961-1970 -

1971-1980 • wmaygifudk ausmfí a&MuD;cJhygonf/

• jrdKUe,fukd a&vTrf;cJhygonf/

1981-1990 • pdkufysdK;ajr {u(200)wGif ydk;uscJhygonf/

• a&T0gxGef; pyg;rsdK;opfudk pwifpdkufysdK;cJhygonf/

• tpdk;&rS pufa&wGif;rsm; wl;ay;cJhygonf/

• a&MuD;jcif;aMumifh wHwm;rsm; ysufpD;cJhygonf/

1991-2000 • ZD,m? raemokc tp&Sdonfh pyg;rsdK;opfrsm;udk pwifpdkufysdK;cJhygonf/

• rlvwef;ausmif;udk tqifhjrSifhwifcJhygonf/

2001-2009 • NGO rS a&wGif;(50) vI'gef;ygonf/

• &GmxJwGif a&wGif;(150) &Sdygonf/

• aus;&Gm pmMunfhwdkufudk zGifhvSpfcJhygonf/

• avjyif;rkefwdkif;aMumifh pmoifausmif; ysufpD;cJhygonf/

• &yf&GmwGif a&MuD;cJhygonf/

• &GmwGif GSM zkef; (3)vHk; &Sdygonf/

• EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh aus;&Gmvlxk\ yHUydk;rIjzifh pmMunfhwdkufudk

tqifhjrSifhwifcJhygonf/


pmrsufESm 34

4-4 PDRAudk rnfodkUaqmif&Gufrnfenf; ...tqifhcG J 4 rS 5 txd

enf;vrf;rsm; 4-4-1 Z,m;jzifh tqifhowfrSwfjcif;

ab;&efrsm; odkUr[kwf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajcrsm;? vkdtyfcsufrsm; odkUr[kwf

a½G;cs,f aqmif½GufEkdifaom enf;vrf;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;owfrSwf&ef tqifhowfrSwf jcif;

enf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKygonf/ tqifhowfrSwfonfh avhusifhcef;yHkpH trsdK;rsdK;

½Sdygonf/ atmufazmfjyyg OyrmwGif ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh vltrsm;\ b0aexdkifrI

xdcdkufjcif;udkpHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;toHk;jyKíowfrSwfygonf/ &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;uopf&Guf

rsm;udk toHk;jyKí ab;&efrsm;udk tqifhowfrSwfygonf/ ta&;ygqHk;aom ñTefjycsuf

jzpfygu opf&Guf 10&Guf? ta&;ygrI tenf;qHk; ñTefjycsufjzpfygu opf&Guf 1 &Guf jzifh

ñTefjyygonf/

&nf&G,fcsufrsm;

1/ &yf½Gmtay:wGif tBuD;av;qHk;aom xdcdkufrI½Sdonfh ab;&efudk owfrSwfqHk;jzwf&ef

t"duta&;ygaomar;cGef;erlemrsm;

1/ &yf½Gmu &ifqdkifae&aom ab;&efrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/

2/ ab;&efwpfckpD\ xdcdkufrIrSm rnfodkU ½Sdoenf;/

3/ ab;&efrsm;tm;vHk;teuf ysufpD;rItrsm;jym;qHk; jzpfapaom ab;&efrSm rnfonfh

ab;&efjzpfygoenf;/


Z,m;jzifh tqifhowfrSwf&mwGif ñTefjycsufrsm; azmfxkwf&ef tcuftcJ½SdEdkifojzifh

tcsdKUaom PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;u Z,m;jzifhtqifhowfrSwfjcif;udk cufcJonf

[k xifjrif,lqMuygonf/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;tm; rnfonfhñTefjycsufrsm;udk

¤if;wdkUtoHk;jyKaMumif;ar;jref;ygu PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;ol\ qdkvdk&if;udk em;rvnf

jcif;rsdK; ½SdEkdifygonf/

1/ PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;ol odkUr[kwf &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf ab;&efrsm;udk

pm&if;jyKvkyf a&;om;&ef jzpfygonf/ þpm&if;udk &moDtvkdufjyu©'defESifh ajryHk

a&;qGJonfh vkyfief;rsm;rS &,lEkdifygonf/

2/ xdkUaemufOD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olonf &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm;ab;&ef\oufa&muf

rIudkar;jref;&ef jzpfygonf/ us,fjyefUaomtkyfpkrsm;owfrSwfyHkudk azmfjy&rnfqdkygu

b0aexdkifrI? ydkifqkdifypönf;?ta&;ygaomypönf;ud&d,mae&mxdkifcif;Xmersm;jzpfonfh

a&o

ta

3/ Oyroe

4/ abí ñ

5/ &yf½GyH k 9

ab;t

a&BuD;jc

qdkifuv

rD;ab; a&m*gb

ajrNydKjcif

4-4-2

tcsdK;t

enf;v

tv,f

jzpfygo

aqG;aEG

r&½SdrD

rifwHrs

rsm;on

&nf&G,

tEÅ&m,

owfrSw

t"du

1/ a&v

xdkif

oGif;pdkufysdK;

ay: oufa

rm-OD;aqm

enf; [k ar

b;&efwpfckv

ñTefjycsufr

½GmwGif aex

tEÅ&m,f

jcif; vkef;

b, if;

tcsdK;tp

tpm;tvkdu

vrf;wpf&yf

,ftvwf?

onf/ tx

EG;&ef vdkt

rifwHudk

sm;toHk;jyKj

nf yJaph t

,fcsuf

,fusa&muf

wfqHk;jzwf&

uar;cGef; e

vTrf;rdk;pOft

ifcif;Xmersm

;rI? trsm;

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pmrsufESm 35

onfwdkU

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pmrsufESm 36

2/ ,if;ypönf;ud&d,mae&mxdkifcif;Xmersm;teuf rnfonfwdkUonf trsm;qHk; tEÅ&m,f

MuHKawGU&ygoenf;/


1/ PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;tm; a&vTrf;rdk;rIaMumifh

xdcdkufEkdifonfh ¤if;wdkU &yf½Gm½Sd ta&;ygt&ma&mufqHk; ypönf;ud&d,mae&mxdkifcif;

Xmersm;udk azmfxkwfap&efjzpfygonf/

2/ ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom ypönf;ud&d,mae&mxdkifcif;Xmersm;udk OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;

ol odkUr[kwf &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;u pm&if;jyKvkyf&efjzpfygonf/

3/ edrfhus? tv,ftvwf? jrifhrm; [lí tkyfpk(3)pk cGJjcm;&ef OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu

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pkyHkí azmfjy&ef jzpfygonf/ yJaph tenf;i,fom pkyHkxm;ygu edrfhus tkyfpk

jzpfygonf/ yJaphtrsm;tjym; pkyHkxm;ygu jrifhrm; tkyfpk jzpfygonf/

4/ OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olu ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom ypönf;ud&d,mae&mxdkifcif;Xmersm;

udk &yf½Gmtm; tqifhowfrSwfygap/

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ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf vufawGUaqmif½Guf&mwGif tqifh 6 udk rjyKvkyfbJ csefvSyf

xm;avh½Sdygonf/

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azmfxkwf&½SdaomtBuD;av;qHk;ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhqHk;½IH;Edkifajctay:wGifrlwnfygrnf/

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pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm; ta&twGuf

(b,favmufvJ) oD;ESHqHk;½I H;rI ({&d,m odkUr[kwf &mcdkifEIef;jzifh) tdrf,mqHk;½I H;rI v,f,moHk;wd&pämefrsm; qHk;½I H;rI v,f,moHk;wd&pämefrsm; emrusef;^'Pf&m&rI


pmrsufESm 37

4-6 CVA rlabmifudk toHk;jyKí tcsuftvuf pkpnf;jcif;

tuJjzwfcsuf jyKvkyfí wpfaeUwmumv ukefqHk;csdefwGif tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkpnf;NyD;

tjyeftvSef wdkufqdkifppfaq;&ygrnf/ tzGJYGJU0ifwpfOD;pDonf pm½Gufwpf½GufwGif tcsuf

tvufwpfrsdK;udk a&;om;&ygrnf/ vdktyfygu tcsuftvufrsm;udk a½TUajymif;Edkif&ef

jzpfygonf/

PDRA aqmif&GufaepOftwGif; tcsuftvufrsm;pGm xGufay:vmwwfojzifh ¤if;wdkUudk

tkyfpkzGJU&efta&;BuD;ygonf/atmufazmfjyyg tcsufrsm;u taxmuftuljyKygvdrfhrnf -

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wpfpkwnf; pkpnf;xm;yg/

(2) tcsdKUtcsuftvufrsm;rSm wpfckESifhwpfck qefUusifbuf jzpfEkdifygonf/

rSwfom;í oufqkdif&m vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh oifhawmfovdk

ppfaq;twnfjyKyg/

(3) tcsdKUtcsuftvufrsm;rSm tMuHjyKcsufrsm; jzpfEkdifygonf/

tcsuftvufrsm;udk pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frI rlabmif CVAESifh

tnD pkpnf;í qef;ppfavhvm&ef jzpfygonf/ tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;&ef

qufpyfaeaom pdwful;pdwfoef;rsm;udk tkyfpkzGJU&ef vdktyfygonf/

Z,m; 11 CVA rlabmifudk toHk;jyKí tcsuftvufpkpnf;jcif; erlem

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIrsm; pGrf;aqmifEk difrIrsm;

½kyfyd kif;^½kyf0w¬Kypönf;

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2002 ckESpfwGif jzpfyGm;onf/

jrpfurf;yg;wpfavQmuf aetdrfrsm;

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rsm;jym;vmonf/

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trdIufrsm;udk jrpftwGif;odkUpGefUypfonf/

jrpfwdrfvmonf/

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a&vTrf;rdk;onfh tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavQmhcs

&ef tjynfht0 aqmif½Gufjcif;r½Sd?

tBuD;tus,fa&vTrf;rdk;jcif;aMumifhtdrfom

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apmpD;pGm BudKwifowd

ay;aom pepfudk

toHk;jyKEdkifjcif;?

w,fvDzkef;uJhodkUaom

qufoG,fa&; ypönf;

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vltrsm;tjym; a&ul;

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&yf½GmtwGif;wGif aus;½Gm

tBuD;tuJ\ ½Hk; ½Sdjcif;


pmrsufESm 38

uJhodkUaom trsm;jynfoloHk; taqmuf

ttHkrsm; ysufpD;onf/

rdk;aMumifh a&vTrf;rdk;onf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIrSm

Bogor a'orS tpjyKonf/

rD;avmifrI 1962ckESpfESifh 1992ckESpfwGif

jzpfyGm;onf/

emrusef;rI^a&m*grsm; - aoG;vGef wkyfauG;

uyfa&m*g? 0rf;a&m*g? ta&jym;a&m*g?

leptospirosis? touf½SL vrf;aMumif; wGif

jzpfyGm;onfh jyif;xefaom a&m*grsm;/

vlOD;a& odyfonf;rI jrihfrm;onf?

ynm t&nftcsif; edrfhusonf/ rlvwef;

ausmif;omwufzl;onf/

wpfcgwpf&H tv,fwef;ausmif; wufonf/

vkyfief;uRrf;usifrI? pGrf;aqmifEkdifpGrf; r½Sd?

ynma&;ukefusp&dwf jrifhrm;onf/

0ifaiGenf;yg;onf/ tvkyf&½SdEdkifrI tuefU

towf ½Sdonf/

tvkyfvufrJhjzpfjcif;?

a&oG,f,laom pepf raumif;yg/ oefU½Sif;

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vli,frsm;tMum; rl;,pfaq;0g;pGJonf/

&yf½Gm\ udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;

aqmif½GufrI?

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tif*sDtdkrsm;xHrS

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&½SdEdkifjcif;?


jyKpkapmifha½SmufrI ½Sdjcif;


vkyfief;wGif ta&;ay:

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tultnD ay;jcif;?

&yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;u

tdrfeD;csif; rsm;udk

tultnDay;jcif;?


pmrsufESm 39

a&vTrf;rdk;csdefwGif

toHk;jyK&ef BudK;rsm;

oG,fwef;xm;jcif;

aphaqmfrI^oabmxm;

&yf½Gmonf

tajymif;tvJ

zefwD;Ek difpGrf; ESif h

pyfvsOf;í rnfodkU

½Ijrifygoenf;/

udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;

aqmif½Gufonf/

trdIufrsm;udk rD;½dIUonf/

&yf½GmwGif

aexdkifolrsm;onf

rdrdwdkU\ ypönf;rsm;udk

vHkjcHKatmif xm;½Sdonf/

4-7 PDRA twGuf BudKwifjyifqifjcif;

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaeaom &yf½Gmrsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD;pD;aomtcg OD;wnf&nf½G,faom

&yf½Gmrsm;ü yg0ifaqmif&Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfjcif; (PDRA) vkyfief;rsm;

vkyfaqmifa&;twGufBudKwifjyifqif&ef atmufazmfjyyg vkyfief;tqifhrsm;udk qufvuf

vkyfaqmifEkdifygonf/

NrdKUe,f odkUr[kwf &yf½GmtwGif;½Sd oufqkdif&m tpdk;&Xmersm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaom

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,frIrsm; jyKvkyfyg/ atmufygtwdkif; aqmif½Guf Ekdifygonf/

- oufqdkif&mXme odkUr[kwf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;odkU rdwfqufpm ay;ydkUEkdif

ygonf/ OD;wnf&nf½G,faom &yf½Gmrsm;wGif vkyfief;aqmif½Gufrnfh

tBuD;tuJu vufrSwfa&;xdk;ay;ydkUvQif ydkrdk aumif;rGefygonf/

- rdwfqufpmay;ydkUNyD;aemufaemufqufwGJaqmif½Gufonfhtaejzifhoufqdkif

&mXmetzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tBuD;tuJrsm;xH w,fvDzkef;qufoG,fyg/ oif

udk,fwdkif? oif\tzGJUtpnf;wdkUudk w&m;0ifrdwfqufNyD; rnfonfhvkyfief;

udk rnfonfh &nf½G,fcsufjzifh aqmif½GufrnfjzpfaMumif; ½Sif;vif;

ajymMum;&efjzpfygonf/ oufqdkif&mXme? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;odkUoGm;a&muf&ef

toifhawmfqHk; aeUpGJESifh tcsdefudk ar;jref;yg/

- oabmwlnDxm;aom aeU&ufESifhtcsdefwGif rdwfqufpmudk ,laqmifí

oufqdkif&mXmetzGJUtpnf;rsm;odkUoGm;a&mufyg/ xyfrHíoifrnfolrnf0g

jzpfaMumif;?oif\tzGJUtpnf;wdkUudkrdwfqufajymMum;yg/PDRAvkyfief;rsm;

\ oabmobm0ESifh &nf½G,fcsufudk ½Sif;vif;ajymMum;yg/

csdwfqufrIrsm;jyKvkyfaecsdefwGif atmufazmfjyyg ueOD; BudKwifjyifqifonfhvkyfief;rsm;

aqmif½Gufyg/


pmrsufESm 40

- oufqdkif&mXmetzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS PDRA tzGJYGJUwGif yg0ifEkdifrnfh uRrf;usif

aom apwemh0efxrf;rsm; ½SmazG&,lyg/

- xkwfa0NyD;om; owif;tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;yg/ ajryHkrsm;? zGHUjzdK;a&;

tpDtpOfrsm;? usef;rma&;ESifh pD;yGm;a&; tpD&ifcHpmrsm;? ab;tEÅ&m,f

tpD&ifcHpmrsm;? &yf½Gmrsm; \ tajctae azmfjycsufwdkU jzpfygonf/

oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;xHrS pDrHcsufaqmif½Guf&ef oabmwl

cGifhjyKcsufESifh axmufcHyHhydk;rI &½SdNyD;aomtcgwGif

- PDRAvkyfief;\ OD;wnfcsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&ef &yf½Gm\ta&;ygaom

yk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh awGUqHkyg/

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acgif;aqmifrsm;\ arQmfrSef;csufrsm;ESifhywfoufí ¤if;wdkU\ xkwfazmf

ajymMum;csufrsm; &,lyg/

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½Sif;vif;ajymMum;íaqG;aEG;Edkif&eftwGuf &yf½Gm\ta&;ygaomyk*¾dKvf

rsm;tm; &yf½Gmtpnf;ta0;usif;yay;&ef arwåm&yfcHyg/ tpnf;ta0;

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wGif yg0if&ef arwåm&yfcHyg/

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- &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;ESifhawGUqHkNyD; PDRAvkyfief;aqmif½Guf&jcif;\

&nf½G,fcsufrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;ajymMum;yg/ tqdkjyKxm;aom vkyfief;

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tjzpf yg0if&ef arwåm&yfcHyg/

&yf½Gm\ta&;ygaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh xyfrHí awGUqHkNyD; -


pmrsufESm 41

- vkyfief;aqmif½Guf&ef tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfwdkUudk tNyD;owf

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ta&;ygaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;xHrS uwdu0wf &,lyg/

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&mXmersm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; jyefvnftoday;

ajymMum;yg/

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PDRA tzGJU zGJUpnf;yg/ PDRA tzGJUwGif pdkufysdK;a&;? wd&pämefaq;ukjcif;? rdk;av0o?

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aqG;aEG;ulnDyHhydk;olrsm;onf &yf½GmwGifaexdkifjcif;r½Sdaom PDRAtzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfygonf/

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PDRA tzGJU0ifwpfOD;pDtwGuf vkyfief;wm0efrsm; azmfxkwfNyD; tcef;u@rsm; owfrSwf

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tMuHjyKcsufrsm;ay;yg/ uGif;qif;vkyfief; aqmif½Guf&mrS &½SdcJhaom oifcef;pmrsm;tay:

tajccHí ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsufyHkpHxkwfxm;jcif;udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif jyKjyifNyD;

tNyD;owfjyKpkyg/

axmufyHha&;ESifh ydkUaqmifa&; tpDtrHrsm;udk tNyD;owfjyKpkNyD; aemufqHk; tpDtpOf

jyKvkyf&eftwGuf &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;ESihf awGUqHkyg/


pmrsufESm 42

yH k 8 yg0ifaqmif&Gufaom &yf&Gmvlxktm; &Sif;vif;aqG;aEG;pOf

PDRA BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm;aqmif½Guf&mwGif wdk;wufrIudk oufqkdif&mXmersm;ESifh tzGJU

tpnf;rsm;xH qufoG,fajymMum;yg/

4-8 yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf tkyfpkrsm;

PDRA tzGJUudk atmufazmfjyyg tkyfpkrsm;tjzpf cGJjcm;pkzGJU&ef tMuHjyKygonf/ vlom;

t&if;tjrpf enf;yg;aeygu tkyfpkwpfpku tjcm;tkyfpkrsm;\ wm0efrsm;udk yl;wGJ

aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/

tkyfpk 1 - t"duta&;ygaom wkefUjyefajzMum;olrsm; aqG;aEG;ajymqdkEd kif&ef

ulnDyH hyd k;jcif;

&yf½Gmacgif;aqmifrsm; - (&GmolMuD;? oHCmawmfrsm;ESifh &yfrd&yfzrsm;)? rlv

yuwd tajctae owif;

tcsuftvuf (vlOD;a&

pm&if;ESifh oufqdkifaom

tcsuftvufrsm;?roefpGrf;

ol? oufBuD;½G,ftdk uJhodkU

aomxl;jcm;onfhvkdtyfcsuf

½Sdaomtkyfpkrsm;? 0ifaiG&&Sd

Edkifonfhvkyfief; ponfwdkU)?

ab;&efrsm;? &yf½Gm\ ab;

tEÅ&m,ftwdwfjzpfpOf?

rnfonfhab;&efrsm;onf

tb,faMumifh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfvmMuygoenf;/ (trsdK;om;? trsdK;orD;? a,mufsm;

av;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;\) touf½SifaexdkifrItay: ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\xdcdkufrI?

ydkifqkdifypönf;? tdk;tdrf? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;? &yfuGuf^aus;&GmtkyfpkESifh

aus;&Gm\ pD;yGm;a&;? &yf½GmtwGif;½Sd u@toD;oD;onf touf½SifaexdkifrI? tdk;tdrf

ypönf;ydkifqkdifrIESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmuftEÅ&m,fjyKaom

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&eftwGuf rnfonfwdkUudk vkyfaqmifMuygoenf;/

q&mq&mrrsm; - &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;\ ynmt&nftcsif;? vuf½Sd

ausmif;aejcif;? ausmif;tyfESHEIef;ESifhausmif;xGufEIef;? vGefcJhaom10ESpftwGif;wGif &yf½Gm

ü jzpfyGm;cJhonfh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? &yf½GmtwGif;wGifvnf;aumif;? q&m? q&mrrsm;\

b0aexdkifrIwGifvnf;aumif;? uav;oli,frsm;\ ynma&;wGifvnf;aumif;? ab;

tEÅ&m,frsm;\xdckdufrI? touf½SifaexdkifrI? tdk;tdrfypönf;ydkifqdkifrI ESifh toufarG;


pmrsufESm 43

0rf;ausmif; vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&eftwGuf

&yf½Gmrsm;½Sd tydkif;u@ toD;oD;u aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;

usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm; - ESpfwpfESpf\ tcsdefumvtoD;oD;wGif tjzpfrsm;

aoma&m*grsm;? xdckduf'Pf&m&rIrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU jzpfyGm;&onfh taMumif;&if;rsm;? vGefcJh

aom 10ESpftwGif; &yf½Gmü jzpfyGm;cJhonfh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? &yf½GmwGifvnf;aumif;?

usef;rma&; vkyfom;rsm;\ b0aexdkifrIwGifvnf;aumif;? vltrsm; txl;ojzifh arG;prS

5ESpftxduav;oli,frsm;? oufBuD;½G,ftdkrsm;?roefpGrf;olrsm;tMum;wGifvnf;aumif;

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrI? touf½SifaexdkifrI? tdk;tdrfypönf;ydkifqdkifrIESifh

toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap

&ef &yf½Gmrsm;½Sd tydkif;u@ toD;oD;u aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;

oufBuD;½G,ftkdrsm; - &yf½Gm\ ordkif;aMumif;? &yf½GmwGif ab;tEÅ&m,f

jzpfyGm;onfh twdwfjzpfpOf? touf½SifqJ½Sdolrsm; rSwfrdonfhab;tEÅ&m,frsm;teuf

tysuftpD; trsm;jym;qHk;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? tb,faMumifh tysuftpD; rsm;jym;&

aMumif;? b0aexdkifrI? ydkifqdkifypönf; tdk;tdrfESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;wdkU tay:

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ xdcdkufrI? touf½SifaexdkifrI? tdk;tdrfypönf;ydkifqdkifrIESifh toufarG;

0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&ef

&yf½Gmrsm;½Sd tydkif;u@ toD;oD;u aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;

&yf½GmtzGJUtpnf; acgif;aqmifrsm; - ab;&efrsm;? &yf½Gm\ ab;tEÅ&m,f

jzpfyGm;onfhtwdwfjzpfpOf? rnfonfhab;&efrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;vm&

aMumif;ESifh tb,faMumifh jzpf&aMumif;? ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ touf½SifaexdkifrItay:

xdcdkufEkdifrI (trsdK;om;? trsdK;orD;? a,mufsm;av;? rdef;uav; rsm;twGuf)? ydkifqdkif

ypönf;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;? &yf½Gm\ pD;yGm;a&;ESifh &yfuGuf^aus;&Gmtkyfpk?

aus;&GmwdkUtay:ab;tEÅ&m,f\xdcdkufrI? b0aexdkifrI? ydkifqdkif ypönf;tdk;tdrfESifh

toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;

ap&ef tpdk;&\ aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;

&yf½GmwGifpDrHcsufrsm; aqmif½Gufaeaomtif*sDtdkrsm; - ab;&efrsm;? &yf½Gm\

ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;onfhtwdwfjzpfpOf? rnfonfhab;&efrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;

jzpfyGm;vm&aMumif;ESifh tb,faMumifh jzpf&aMumif;? ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ touf½Sif

aexdkifrItay: xdcdkufEkdifrI (trsdK;om;? trsdK;orD;? a,mufsm;av;? rdef;uav;rsm;

twGuf)?ydkifqdkifypönf;?toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;? &yf½Gm\pD;yGm;a&;ESifh&yfuGuf^

aus;&Gmtkyfpk? aus;&GmwdkUtay:ab;tEÅ&m,f\xdcdkufrI? b0aexdkifrI? tdk;tdrfypönf;


pmrsufESm 44

ydkifqdkifrIESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk

avsmhyg;ap&ef tpdk;&\ aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;

tkyfpk 2 - &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm; aqG;aEG;ajymqdkjcif;udk ulnDyH hyd k;jcif;

(trsdK;om;rsm;ESif h trsdK;orD; tkyfpkrsm;? uav;oli,frsm; a&maESm

aqG;aEG;jcif;)

&yf½Gm\ ab;&efajryHk a&;qGJyg/ &yf½Gmt&if;tjrpfrsm;? tdrfaxmifpkESifh txl;vdktyf

csuf½Sdaomtkyfpkrsm;? ab;&eftoD;oD;aMumifh tEÅ&m,fjzpfaom &yf½Gm\ tpdwftydkif;

rsm;? pmoifausmif;rsm; ponfwdkU\ wnfae&mudk azmfxkwfyg/

tkyfpk 3 - trsdK;om;tkyfpkESif h trsdK;orD; tkyfpkrsm; aqG;aEG;&mwGif OD;aqmifNyD;

ulnDyH hyd k;jcif; (usm;-r tcef;u@½Iaxmifh)

- ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk usm;-r tcef;u@rsm;rS ½Ijrifjcif;?

- vGefcJhaom 10ESpftwGif; &yf½GmwGifjzpfyGm;cJhaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh

tb,faMumifh ,if;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufcJh&aMumif;

- trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;tay: rwlnDaom xdcdkufrI

- tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom tkyfpkrsm;udk xdcdkufrI - arG;prS 5ESpftxd? oufBuD;

½G,ftdkrsm;? roefpGrf;olrsm;

- usef;rma&;? ynma&;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk xdcdkufrI

- ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udkavsmhyg;ap&ef trsdK;om;rsm;onf rnfonfwdkUudk vkyfaqmif

MuaMumif;? trsdK;orD;rsm;onf rnfonfwdkUudk vkyfaqmifMuaMumif;

yHk 9 trsdK;om;? trsdK;orD;rsm; oDjcm;tkyfpkrsm; zGJUaeyHk

tkyfpk 4 - uav;oli,frsm; aqG;aEG;&mwGif OD;aqmifNyD; ulnDyH hyd k;jcif;

- uav;oli,frsm; rSwfrdonfh &yf½GmwGif jzpfyGm;cJhaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;

- uav;oli,frsm;tay:xdcdkufrI


pmrsufESm 45

- uav;oli,frsm;\ usef;rma&;? ynma&;? rdom;pk toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;

rsm;tay: xdcdkufrI

- ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&ef uav;oli,frsm;\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;

tkyfpk 5 - pkaqmif;xm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;

- t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm;vHk;rS pkaqmif;&½Sdaom pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;

- CVA rlabmifudk toHk;jyKí tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkpnf;jcif;

tkyfpk 6 - enf;ynm owif;tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;jcif;

- jzwfoef;vrf;avQmufjcif; avhusifhcef; vkyfaqmifjcif;

- &yf½Gmu jyKpkrnfh ajryHk toD;oD;wGif yg0ifulnD a&;qGJjcif;

- ajrqDvTmtrsdK;tpm;? a&pepfponfwdkUESifh pyfvsOf;onfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;

pkaqmif;jcif;

tkyfpk 7 - axmufyHha&;ESif h yd kUaqmifa&; tpDtpOf

- PDRA tzGJU0if jyifyrSOD;aqmifaqG;aEG;ulnDyHhydk;olrsm;twGuf wnf;cdkaexdkif&m

ae&mrsm; pDpOfay;jcif;

- PDRAtzGJUtwGuf tpm;taomuf pDpOfjcif;

- tzGJUtwGuf o,f,lydkUaqmifa&; pDpOfjcif;

- tzGJUtwGufypönf;rsm; tvHktavmuf½Sdap&ef aqmif½Gufjcif;

- vdktyfygu pum;jyef^ bmomjyefrsm; pDpOfay;jcif;

yHk 10 PDRAwGif uav;rsm;yg0ifaqmif&GufaeyHk


pmrsufESm 46

tcef; 4

avhvmcJhorQ . . .

- PDRA \tqifh7&yf

- aqmif&Guf&efenf;vrf;rsm;

- aqmif&Guf&efjyifqif jcif;

ab;tEÅ&m,f

A[kokw&Sd,ifuG,f?

tEÅ&m,frSvGwfEdkifr,f/


pmrsufESm 47

tcef; 5

vkyfief;tqifh (4) - yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI tpDtpOf

a&;qGJjcif;

5-1 yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrItpDtpOf

a&;qGJjcif; qdkonfrSm... vkyfief;aqmif½GufrI OD;pm;ay;rsm;tvkduf &yf½GmrSab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk tqifhowfrSwf

aom PDRA \ &v'frsm;udk tajcjyKjyD; PDRA tzGJUonf yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;

tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;tqifhudk qufvufaqmif½Gufygrnf/

yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOf(Participatory Disaster Risk

Management Plan) a&;qGJjcif;onf oufqdkifolrsm;tm;vHk;u atmufygwdkUtay:

tajccHíab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm; tckdiftrmaqmif½Gufonfhvkyfief;pOf

jzpfygonf/

- taumif;qHk; BudKwifjyifqifrIESifh cHEkdif&nf½Sdaom &yf½Gmjzpf&ef arQmfrSef;csuf

xm;&Sdjcif;

- vufcHEkdifaom tEÅ&m,ftqifhudk owfrSwfqHk;jzwfjcif;

- owfrSwfazmfxkwfxm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhqHk;½IH;Edkifajcudk wm;qD;umuG,f

&ef?avsmhyg;ap&ef? a½TUajymif;&ef? odkUr[kwf vufcH&efESifh ywfoufí qHk;jzwfjcif;

- &yf½Gm\udk,fydkifpGrf;aqmif&nfESifh&yf½GmjyifywGif&½SdEdkifaomtjcm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;

5-2 yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrI tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;udk

rnfokdU aqmif&Gufrnfenf; ...

arQmfrSef;csufxm;½Sdjcif; - PDRA tzGJU OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;onf arQmfrSef;csuf

azmfxkwfa&; &yf½GmaqG;aEG;yGJwpf&yfudk OD;aqmifjyKvkyfEkdifygonf/ PDRA tzGJU

OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;u &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm; tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsdefwGif¤if;wdkU

azmfxkwfcJhonfh ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh qHk;½IH;EdkifajcESifhpyfvsOf;í ¤if;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;rS

uif;a0;aom ]]ab;uif;onfh&yf½Gm}} rsdK;udk pdwful;jzifh azmfxkwfap&ef jzpfygonf/

&yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;u ¤if;wdkU\ pdwful;rsm;udk ½kyfyHka&;qGJjcif;? aw;oDcsif;oDqdkjcif;?

o½kyfaqmifjcif;wdkUjzifh wifjyEkdifygonf/ PDRAtzGJUrsm;u &yf½Gm\ arQmfrSef;csufrsm;

wGifazmfjyxm;aom]]ab;uif;onfh&yf½Gm}}taMumif; pdwful;pdwfoef;rsm;udk pm½GufvSef

um;csyfay:wGif a&;om;&ef jzpfygonf/


pmrsufESm 48

yHk 11 &yf&GmtzGJU0ifrsm;rS azmfxkwfaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrI pDrHudef;yH kpH

aqG;aEG;jcif; - &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;\½IaxmifhrS ]]ab;uif;onfh&yf½Gm}} jzpfapa&;

arQmfrSef;csuftaMumif;? tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh tjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tMum;

aqG;aEG;&ef PDRA tzGJUrsm;u ulnDyHhydk;ay;ygonf/ þtqifhwGif &yf½GmwGif; aexdkif

olrsm;? tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh tjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;u n§dEdIif;aqG;aEG;NyD;

tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;vkyfief;pOfwGif ¤if;wdkUtm;vHk; atmifjrifatmif aqmif½Gufvdk

onfh taMumif;tcsufrsm;udk oabmwlnDrI &,ljcif;jzpfygonf/

vsmxm;csufrsm;rSm taumiftxnfazmfjyEkdifNyD; wdkif;wmEdkif&ygrnf/ ñTefjycsufrsm;

xm;½Sdjcif;jzifh &yf½GmESifh tjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifolrsm;onf vsmxm;csufrsm; atmifjrif

atmifaqmif½GufEdkifjcif; ½Sd-r½Sd wdkif;wm&ef taxmuftuljyKygrnf/

aemufqufwGJ-3? ]]yg0ifaqmif½GufaomapmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifhtuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;}}

wGif avhvmEdkifygonf/

tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;udkazmfxkwfjcif; - arQmfrSef;csufavhusifhcef;

vkyfaqmifNyD;aomtcg &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;onf ]]ab;uif;onfh&yf½Gm}}jzpfapa&;

arQmfrSef;csufatmifjrifap&ef taxmuftuljyKEdkifrnfh tpDtrHrsm;udk azmfxkwfMu&yg

rnf/ vkyfief;aqmif½Gufcsuftm;vHk;wGif aeUpGJrsm; odkUr[kwf tcsdefumv owfrSwfcsuf

yg½Sd&ef vdktyfygonf/


pmrsufESm 49

t&if;tjrpfvdktyfcsufrsm;udkazmfxkwfjcif; - PDRA tzGJU0ifrsm;onf azmfxkwf&½Sd

aom tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&ef rnfonfh t&if;

tjrpfrsm; vdktyfaMumif; &yf½Gmudk ar;jref;&ygrnf/

PDRA tzGJYGJrsm;onf ,cif tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsufvkyfief;pOf tawmtwGif; azmfxkwf

&½SdcJhaom pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;ESifh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;pm&if;udk &yf½Gmtm; jyefvnfoHk;oyf

ygap/

pkpnf;&½Sdaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk &nfñTef;udk;um;í pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk azmfxkwf

yg/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;ESifh acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; &yf½Gmtaejzifh arQmfrSef;csuf

atmifjrifa&; OD;wnfaqmif½GufEkdifap&ef pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk azmfxkwfí pm&if;jyKpk

Edkif&ef OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;u tultnDay;yg/

vkyfief;wpfckpDudk taumiftxnfazmf&ef vdktyfrnfh aiGaMu;yrmPukd cefUrSef;&

ygrnf/ vkyfief;wpfckpDtwGuf bwf*suf a&;qGJ&ygrnf/ vdktyfaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;

ESifh &&SdEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd azmfxkwfjyD;aomtcg OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;u

&yf&GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;ESifh acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; &yf&Gmvkyfief;aqmif&Gufa&; pkzGJU&ef

tultnDay;&ygrnf/ acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh &yf&GmtwGif; aexdkifolrsm;onf tkyfpkrsm;

zGJUpnf;íowfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk csufcsif; aqmif&GufMu&ef jzpfygonf/


pmrsufESm 50

Z,m; 12 - &yf&GmtzGJU0ifrsm;rSazmfxkwfaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrItpDtpOf rS aumufEIwf

azmfjycsuf

ab;&efrsm; - a&vTrf;rd k;jcif;? wdkifzkef;rkefwdkif;wdkufcwfjcif;? ivsifvIyfjcif;? ajrNydKjcif;?

rD;awmifaygufuGJjcif;? rd k;acgif a&½Sm;jcif;

OD;wnfcsuf - &yf½GmtwGif; xdcd kufolrsm;tm; pepfwus tEÅ&m,fuif;&modkU ajymif;a½TUjcif;?

½SmazGjcif;? u,fq,fjcif;rsm; aqmif½Guf&ef

ñTefjycsuf - toufqHk;½H I;rI r½Sdjcif;

vkyfief;rsm; tcsdefumv

owfrSwfcsuf

&½SdEd kifaom

t&if;tjrpfrsm;

vkdtyfaom

t&if;tjrpf

rsm;

vkdtyfaom

t&if;tjrpf

yrmP

(zdvpfyd kif

yDqdkaiGjzifh)

wm0ef½S dol^

aumfrwD

ab;&ef - a&vTrf;rd k;jcif;

tqifh 1

BudKwifjyifqif

aomtqifh

ab;uif;&m

odkUa½TUajymif;

&efZmwfwdkuf

avhusifhrI

rsm;jyKvkyfjcif;

rdk;&moD

ra&mufrD

(Mo*kwfv

rwdkifrD)

rdom;pk? &yf½GmESifh

c&pf,mef

bk&m;ausmif;

tzGJUtpnf;rsm; -

vltiftm;

uRrf;usifrIESifh

todynm

vufudkifa&'D

,dk 5vHk;

pufvT 5vHk;

BudK;acG 3acG

toHcsJUpuf

5vHk;

ab;uif;&m

odkUa½TUajymif;

a&;tzGJU

OuúX Rey Lawrence Tan

ynmay;

vIyf½Sm;rI

jyKvkyfjcif;

rdk;&moD

ra&mufrD

(Mo*kwfv

rwdkifrD)

&yf½Gmacgif;aqmif

rsm;? q&mq&mr

rsm;? c&pf,mef

bk&m; ausmif;

acgif; aqmifrsm;?

tEkynm½Sifrsm;?

ydkpwma&;qGJ&ef

puúLrsm;? rifwHrsm;?

ausmif;rsm;

trsm;jynfol

odjrifem;vnf

rIqkdif&m

avhusifh

oifwef;ay;

jcif;

avhusihf

oifwef;

ay;a&;ESifh

ynmay; a&;

OuúX

Ricardo Lagunay

5-3 &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrItpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;wGifyg0ifaom

taMumif;t&mrsm;

&yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;wGif MudKwifjyifqifa&;? ab;tEÅ&m,f

avsmhyg;apa&;ESifhwkHUjyefaqmif&Gufa&;wdkUtwGuf vkyfief;tqifh(3) PDRAü aumuf,l

&&SdjyD; qef;ppfxm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh owfrSwfxm;aomvkyfaqmifrIrsm; yg0if

oifhygonf/ &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOftwGuf owfrSwfxm;aomyHkpH r&Sd

aomfvnf; tpDtpOfwGif atmufazmfjyyg tcsufrsm; yg0ifEdkifygonf/

- &yf&GmESifhywfoufaom tajccHtaMumif;tcsufrsm;


pmrsufESm 51

- &yf&GmwGifusa&mufEdkifaomab;tEÅ&m,f? tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIESifh tEÅ&m,f

&SdEdkifrIrsm;

- MudKwifjyifqifa&;? ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;ESifh wHkUjyefaqmif&Gufa&;

vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;

- &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh toif; ^tzGJU

- &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh toif;^tzGJUwdkU\ wm0efESifh

0wå&m;rsm;

- &yf&GmESifh &yf&GmteD;tem;a'orsm;ü &&SdEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;\ pm&if;ESifh

ta&;MuD;w,fvDzkef;eHygwfrsm;pm&if;

&yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrItpDtpOfwGif yg0ifaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk aemufquf

wGJ (2) wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

avhvmcJhorQ . . .

- yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,f

pDrHcefUcG JrItpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;

qdkonfrSm

- yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomab;tEÅ&m,f

pDrHcefUcG JrItpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;udk

rnfodkUaqmif&Gufrnfenf;/ - &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG JrI

tpDtpOfwGifyg0ifaomtaMumif;

t&mrsm;

MudKwiftpDtpOfrqGJ,if?

qHk;&IH;&rSmtrSefyif


pmrsufESm 52

tcef; 6

vkyfief;tqifh(5) - &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJU wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh

avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;

6-1 &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;tzGJU zG J Ypnf;wnfaxmifjcif;ESif h

avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif; qdkonfrSm...

ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;udk xda&mufpGm aqmif½Guf&eftwGuf ab;

tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;aqmif½Gufrnfh tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfudk &yf½GmtwGif;wGif zGJUpnf;

wnfaxmifxm;jcif;onftaumif;qHk; jzpfygonf/ tzGJUtpnf;\ yHko@mefrSm &yf½Gm\

tajctaeay: rlwnfí tajymif;tvJ ½SdEdkifygonf/ &yf½GmtwGif;&Sd rlv½Sd&if;

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udkem;vnfoabmayguf&efta&;BuD;ygonf/ ab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&;

aumfrwDonf ½Sd&if;tzGJUtpnf;wpfcktwGif; aumfrwDwpf&yftjzpf yg0ifEkdifygonf/

odkU&mwGif &yf½GmtwGif; tzGJUtpnf;r½Sdao;ygu &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&;

tzGJUtpnf; odkUr[kwf aus;&Gmab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&;aumfrwD(Disaster Management

Committee – DMC)udk pwifzGJUpnf;Ekdifygonf/

&yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&; tzGJUtpnf; DMC \ OD;wnfcsufrSm &yf½Gmrsm;tay:

usa&mufvmEdkifaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifrI ydkrdk jyKvkyfEkdif&ef?

umv½Snfab;tEÅ&m,fcHEkdif&nf½SdrI wdk;jrifhvmap&ef jzpfygonf/ DMC rSwpfqifh &yf½Gm

rsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpDtpOfwGif tusOf;azmfjyxm;aom vkyfief;rsm;udk

taumiftxnfazmfEdkifygrnf/

6-2 DMC zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifjcif; vkyfief;tqifhrsm;

yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsufESifh tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfNyD;

aemuf &yf½GmupDrHcefUcGJaomvkyfief;taumiftxnfazmfa&;udpöudk aqG;aEG;&ef jzpfyg

onf/ þae&mwGif &yf½GmaumfrwD odkUr[kwf tzGJUtpnf; zGJUpnf;NyD; r½Sdao;ygu

zGJUpnf;&ef vdk-rvdk aqG;aEG;ygrnf/ þtqifhwGif &yf½Gmtm; vkyfief;tpDtpOf taumif

txnfazmfa&;twGuf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfzGJUpnf;oifhaMumif; qGJaqmifajymqdk&ef vdktyf

vmEkdifygonf/ tjcm;aom tajctaewpf&yfrSm &yf½Gmrsm;udk,fwdkif þvdktyfcsufudk

em;vnfoabmaygufNyD; qGJaqmifajymqdk&ef rvdktyfbJvnf; ½SdEkdifygonf/ odkU&mwGif

&yf½Gmrsm;onf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf zGJUpnf;Ekdif&ef enf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m vrf;ñTefrI vkdtyf

Ekdifygonf/&yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJUtpnf;(DMC)wGif&yf&GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;?


pmrsufESm 53

&yf&GmtMuD;tuJrsm;? trsdk;orD;rsm;? &yf&Gmaus;&GmtqifhtmPmydkifrsm; ponfwdkY yg0if

oihfygonf/

6-3 DMC \ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;

DMC\ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tqifhrsm;jzpfonfhab;tEÅ&m,f

rusa&mufrD? usa&mufaepOfESifh usa&mufNyD;tqifhrsm;tvdkuf tydkif; 3 ydkif; cGJjcm;Edkif

ygonf/

ab;tEÅ&m,f rusa&mufrDaqmif&Guf&ef DMC \ vkyfief;wm0efrsm; - &yf½Gm\ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpDtpOfudk &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm;vHk;

od½Sdap&ef jzefUa0ay;jcif;

- &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm;tpDtpOfa&;qGJxm;aomab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;ap

a&; tpDtrHrsm; taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf EdI;aqmfjcif;

- &yf½Gmu rxkwfvkyfEkdifaom odkUr[kwf rdrdbmom &,ltoHk;jyKEdkifjcif;r½Sdaom

t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk EdI;aqmf ay;jcif;

- &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;twGuf ab;tEÅ&m,fBudKwifjyifqifa&; avhusifh

oifwef;ay;rI jyKvkyfjcif;

- ab;tEÅ&m,frusa&mufrD? usa&mufpOfESifhusa&mufNyD;aemuf rnfonfwdkUudk

vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfaMumif; &yf½Gmtm; todynmay;jcif;

- ab;tEÅ&m,f\ Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;udk apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;? Zmwfwdkuf

avhusifhjcif;ESifh tpDtpOf wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef oifcef;pmrsm; &,ljcif;

- NrdKUe,fESifh aus;&Gmtkyfpk ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;aumfrwDrsm;? tpdk;&

r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf; tif*sDtdkrsm;? tjcm;&yf½Gmrsm; ponfwdkUESifh uGef&uf

qufoG,fn§dEdIif;aqmif½Gufjcif;

- tpDtpOf\xda&mufrIudk ppfaq;&efESifh wkd;wufaumif;rGefatmif vkyfaqmif

Edkif&ef ZmwfwdkufavUusifhjcif;

- &yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpDtpOfukd&Hzef&HcgjznfhpGufjyifqifa&;qGJjcif;

- taMumif;t&mtvdkuf tzGJU^tkyfpkrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;

- &SmazGu,fq,fa&;tzGJU^tkyfpk

- a&S;OD;olemjyKtzGJU^tkyfpk

- owday;csufjzefhjzL;a&;tzGJU^tkyfpk


pmrsufESm 54

- ab;uif;&modkU a&GYUajymif;a&;tzGJU^tkyfpk

- ckdvIH&mae&m pDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJU^tkyfpk

- u,fq,fa&;ypönf;rsm; jzefUjzL;a&;tzGJU^tkyfpk

tzGJYGJ^tkyfpkta&twGufrSm vkdtyfcsufay:rlwnfí tajymif;tvJ&SdEdkifyg

onf/ DMC^aus;&Gm^&yf&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;aumfrwD\ vrf;nTefrI

atmufwGifvkyfief;aqmif&Gufygrnf/trsdK;orD;rsm;yg0ifaqmif&Guf&eftm;ay;

&ygrnf/

yHk 13 DMC ESif h aqG;aEG;aepOf? xdyfacsmif;aus;&Gm? uRef;ndKaus;&Gmtkyfpk? bdkuav;NrdKUe,f

ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufpOfaqmif&Guf&ef DMC \ vkyfief;wm0efrsm; - rdk;av0oESifhZvaA'nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme odkhr[kwf tjcm;ppfrSefaom

t&if;tjrpfrS&&Sdaomowday;csufudkjzefUa0jcif;?aus;&GmtwGif;&Sdowday;csuf

jzefUa0a&;tzGJU\ tultnDudk &,lí toHcsJUpufjzifh vSnfhvnfaMujimjcif;?

bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;rsm;rS aMujimjcif;? qifhuJwkH;armif;acgufaom pepf

uJUodkUaom orm;&dk;usenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh jzefUa0jcif;

- ab;uif;&modkUa&TUajymif;a&;tzGJUu &yf&Gmudk ab;uif;&modkU a&TUajymif;jcif;

- &SmazGu,fq,fa&;tzGJYGJU tultnDjzifh &SmazGjcif;ESifhu,fq,fjcif;


pmrsufESm 55

- a½S;OD;olemjyKtzGJYGJUu a½S;OD;olemjyKvkyfaqmifay;jcif;ESifh usef;rma&;Xme?

tjcm;Xmersm;ESifh nSdEIdif;í aq;0g;ukorI tultnD pDpOfay;jcif;

ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufjyD;aemufaqmif&Guf&ef DMC \ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;

- tysuftpD; vdktyfcsuf pGrf;aqmif&nf tuJjzwfcsuf jyKvkyfNyD; ysufpD;rIrsm;?

vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jrdKUe,f^aus;&GmtkyfpktmPmydkifrsm;xH tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;

- jrdKUe,f^aus;&Gmtkyfpk tmPmydkif? taxmuftyHhay;aomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh

u,fq,fa&;ypönf;rsm;ay;ydkUa&;vkyfief;rsm;n§dEdIif;jcif;? tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;

ESifh taumiftxnfazmfjcif;

- &yf½Gm\ vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? ½kyfydkif;jyefvnfxlaxmifrI Oyrm - toufarG;

0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;? vlrIb0pdwfydkif;qdkif&mESpfodrfhtm;ay;jcif;? aetdrfrsm;

ESifh tajccHtaqmuftODrsm; jyefvnfaqmufvkyf&ef ulnDyHhydk;jcif;

- jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf tultnD&½Sd&ef tpdk;&Xmersm;? taxmuftyHh

ay;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh n§dEdIif;aqmif½Gufjcif;

- jyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;tqifhwGif ab;tEÅ&m,f

avsmhyg;apa&; tpDtrHrsm;udk aygif;pnf;aqmif½Gufjcif;

- &yf½Gmab;uif;rIudk jr§ifhwifNyD; tem*wf wdk;wufaumif;rGefapa&;twGuf

r[mAsL[mrsm;azmfxkwf&eftwGuf DMC \ pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh xda&mufrI

wdkU tygt0if vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIudk tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;

6-4 DMC \ rlrsm;

• vltrsm;\ tcef;u@t"dujzpfaMumif; vkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;wGif todtrSwf

jyK&ygrnf/ jyifyrSyk*¾dKvfrsm; vkyfaqmifonfh vkyfief;rsm;taejzifh vltrsm;\

oabmwlnDrIESifh tjynfht0 yg0ifaqmif½GufrIryg½SdbJ tajymif;tvJ jzpfay:ap

&ef BudK;yrf;rnfqdkygu raumif;aomtajymif;tvJrsm; odkUr[kwf rqDavsmf

aom tajymif;tvJrsm; jzpfay:vmEdkifygonf/

• DMConf ab;tEÅ&m,fudk cHEkdif&nf½Sdaom &yf½Gmwnfaqmufa&; [laom

&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifatmifjrif&ef enf;vrf;wpfckom jzpfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh

DMC onf oifhavsmfaom vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif&ygrnf/

• DMC \ zGJUpnf;yHkudk ½dk;½Sif;pGm zGJUpnf;xm;NyD; vkyfief;rsm;\ yrmPudk

rrsm;vGef;ap&yg/ DMC udk aemiftcg xyfrHí wdk;csJUEkdifygonf/


pmrsufESm 56

• vltrsm;yg0ifaqmif½Guf&efESifh vltrsm;\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh zGJUpnf;&ef?

xdef;csKyf&ef tm;ay;&ygrnf/

6-5 DMC ESif htzGJ Yrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;

avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;? ab;tEÅ&m,f

pDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifhoufqkdifaomvkyfief;rsm;udk atmifjrifpGmtaumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf

DMC \ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk wnfaqmufjr§ifhwifay;&ef jzpfygonf/

avhusifhoifwef;ay;rI vdktyfrnfh t"duu@ 2&yfrSm -

• &yf½GmtajcjyK ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifh

• tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m pDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI wdkUjzpfygonf/

ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif; wGiff ab;tEÅ&m,ftwGuf

BudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESifhwkHUjyefjcif; ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&; wdkYudk tav;xm;

aqmif½Guf&ygrnf/ oifwef;qdkif&mtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk Z,m;-13 wGif azmfjyxm;

ygonf/

Z,m;-13 ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&;oifwef;wGifyg0ifoifhaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;

ab;tEÅ&m,f twGuf

BudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESif hwkHUjyefjcif; ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&;

• ½SmazGjcif;ESifh u,fq,fjcif;

• a½S;OD;olemjyKpkjcif;

• u,fq,fa&;n§dEdIif;jcif;ESifh

jzefUjzL;jcif;

• ta&;ay:cdkvHI&mae&m pDrHcefUcGJjcif;

• tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;&modkU

ajymif;a½TUjcif;qkdif&m pDrHcefUcGJjcif;

• ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&;vkyfief;vrf;ñTefay;jcif;

• tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf jyKvkyfjcif;

• tEÅ&m,ftaMumif; qufoG,fajymqdka&; yHkpH

xkwfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh aqmif½Gufjcif;

• e,fajra'owGif; owday;onfh pepfrsm; yHkpH

xkwfa&;qGJjcif;

• tzGJUtpnf;ydkif;qkdif&mxdcdkufrI enf;yg;oufom

apjcif;

• toufarG;0rf;ausmif;a&½Snf wnfwHhEkdifapjcif;

• &yf½Gm\tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frI avQmhcsa&;udk

vHIUaqmfpnf;½Hk;jcif;

ab;tEÅ&m,ftwGufBudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESif hwkHUjyefjcif;oifwef;rsm;onf DMC

atmufwGif zGJYpnf;xm;&Sdaom tzGJYGJYrsm;twGuf&nf&G,fjyD; ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;


pmrsufESm 57

oifwef;rsm;onf DMC odkYr[kwf aus;&Gm^&yf&Gm ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwDrsm;

twGuf &nf&G,fygonf/

tzGJUtpnf;yd kif;pDrHcefUcG JrIESif hzG HUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;oifwef;rsm;onf DMC 0efxrf;rsm;

ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; DMC \ tcef;u@rsm;ESifh vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk xda&mufpGm

aqmif½GufEdkifapa&; jyifqifay;&ef jzpfygonf/ atmufazmfjyyg taMumif;t&mrsm;

yg0ifygrnf/

• acgif;aqmifrI

• tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;

• aqG;aEG;n§dEdIif;jcif;? y#dyu©udk pDrHcefUcGJjcif;ESifh ajz½Sif;jcif;

• &yf½Gmudk EdI;aqmfjcif;

• bwf*sufa&;qGJjcif;ESifh aiGaMu;pDrHcefUcGJjcif;

• tqdkjyKcsufa&;om;jcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jcif;

• tpnf;ta0; odkUr[kwf avhusifhoifwef;ay;&mwGif OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;jcif;

• rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; xdef;odrf;xm;½Sdjcif;

yHk 13 a&S;OD;olemjyKpkenf;oifwef; yH k 12 &SmazGu,fq,fa&;oifwef;


pmrsufESm 58

tcef; 6

avhvmcJhorQ . . .

- DMC zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifjcif;

\ t,ltqESifh

vkyfief;pOfrsm;

- DMC \rlrsm;ESif h

vkyfief;wm0efrsm;

- DMC ESif h¤if;\tzGJUrsm;tm;

pGrf;aqmif&nf jr§if hwifjcif;

taumif;qHk;udkarQmfvifhyg?tqdk;qHk;twGufjyifqifyg/


pmrsufESm 59

tcef; 7

vkyfief;tqifh (6) - &yf½Gmvlxkudk,fwdkifpDrHcefUcGJítaumiftxnfazmfjcif;

7-1 taumiftxnfazmfa&; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ESif h vkyfief;pOfrsm;

yg0ifaqmif½GufaomtpDtpOfa&;qGJonfh vkyfief;pOfrS &yf&Gm^aus;&Gm^&yfuGuf

ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tpDtpOfay:xGufvmygrnf/tcsdKUjzpf&yfrsm;wGif,if;tpDtpOf

ü yrmPtm;jzifh ao;i,faomvkyfief;rsm; ta&twGuftenf;i,frQom yg0ifygrnf/

tjcm;&yf½Gmrsm;wGif jynfhpHkaom ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;vkyfief;tpDtpOf odkUr[kwf

pDrHcsufudk aqmif½Gufjcif;rsm;jzpfEdkifygonf/

&yf½Gm ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJU DMC onf tpDtpOfwGif azmfjyonfhtwkdif;

ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&ygrnf/ xdkodkUaom

tzGJUtpnf;jzifh xda&mufpGm vkyfief;aqmif½Gufjcif;jzifh pDpOfa&;qGJxm;aom vkyfief;

rsm;udk&½SdEdkifaomt&if;tjrpfrsm;jzifh tcsdefrD taumiftxnfazmfEkdifaprnfjzpfygonf/

,if;odkU taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm; yg0ifygrnf/

Oyrm - vkyfief;wm0efowfrSwfay;jcif;? &yf½GmrSt&if;tjrpfrsm;EdI;aqmfjcif;? pGrf;aqmif

&nfwnfaqmufjcif;? apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifh jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;? vdktyfovdk n§dEdIif;

jyifqifjcif;rsm; yg0ifygrnf/

7-1-1 vkyfief;wm0ef owfrSwfay;jcif;

&yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJU(DMC) onf vdktyfonf[k owfrSwfazmfxkwf

xm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrH t&yf&yfudk taumiftxnfazmf&ef

twGuf oifhavsmfaomaumfrwDrsm;udk zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif&ygrnf/ Oyrm- a&S;OD;olemjyK

tzGJU^tkyfpk? ab;uif;&modkU a½TUajymif;a&;tzGJU^tkyfpk? BudKwifowday;a&;tzGJU^ tkyfpk?

ckdvIH&mae&mtzGJU^tkyfpk ponfwdkU jzpfygonf/ ,if;tzGJU^tkyfpkrsm;tm; wm0ef

0wå&m;rsm;udk ½Sif;vif;pGm owfrSwfay;xm;NyD; ¤if;wdkUtm; ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;udk

taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf qdkif&muRrf;usifrIrsm;½Sdonfh vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;? tkyfpkrsm;udk

qufoG,f&,ltoHk;jyKEdkifap&ef aqmif½Gufay;&ygrnf/ xdkUtjyif &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f

pDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJUonf vkyfief;toD;oD;udk aqmif½GufEdkif&eftvdkUiSm ydkrdkus,fjyefUaom

&yf½GmESifh &yf½Gm\ t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk EdI;aqmfEdkifygonf/


pmrsufESm 60

DMC onf ab;tEÅ&m,f avsmhyg;apa&; tpDtrHrsm;udk wGifus,fpGm taumiftxnf

azmfEd kif&eftwGuf &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;tm; wpfOD;csif; vkyfief;wm0efrsm; owfrSwfay;&ygrnf/

7-1-2 pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufjcif;

wm0ef½Sdolrsm;ESifh aumfrwD0ifrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\ vkkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk taumiftxnf

azmf&ef enf;ynmydkif;? uRrf;usifrIydkif; pGrf;aqmif&nf½Sd&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ DMC udk

zGJUpnf;NyD;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf rdwfzuftif*sDtdkrsm;? tpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;rsm;xHrS0efxrf;rsm;

\ uRrf;usifrIwnfaqmuf&ef tultnD &,lEkdifygonf/ DMC wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh

avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;tao;pdwftcsufrsm;udk vkyfief;tqifh 5 wGif azmfjyxm;

ygonf/

7-1-3 t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk Ed I;aqmfjcif;

t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk EdI;aqmfonfh vkyfief;pOfonf yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,f

tuJjzwfjcif;ESifhtpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;tqifhrsm;wGifpwifaqmif½Guf&ygonf/vdktyfaom

enf;ynmuRrf;usifrIrsm;&yf½GmwGifr&½SdEdkifygu DMC onf vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;

ay;&ef jrdKYe,f^aus;&Gmtkyfpk ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIaumfrwDESifh tpdk;&Xmersm;?

tif*sDtdkrsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk EdI;aqmf&ygrnf/ þodkUaqmif½Guf&mwGif DMC tzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh aumfrwDrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk wnfaqmuf&ef t&if;tjrpfrsm;

EdI;aqmfjcif;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;aqmif½Guf&ygrnf/ oifhawmfaom t&if;tjrpftrsdK;rsdK;udk

EdI;aqmf&ef jzpfygonf/


pmrsufESm 61

7-1-4 apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;

DMC onf oabmwlnDxm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&; tpDtrHrsm;

taumiftxnfazmfrItay:wdk;wufrIudk apmifhMunfh&eftvdkUiSm yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom

apmifhMunfhppfaq;a&; vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmif&ef pDpOf&ygrnf/ apmifhMunfhppfaq;

jcif;&mwGif vkyfief;aqmif½GufrI\ jzpfay:wdk;wufrI? tcsdefumvowfrSwfcsufrsm;?

bwf*suf? ñTefjycsufrsm;? xGufay:&v'frsm;? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,f

avsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;\ oufa&mufrIrsm;udk apmifhMunfhppfaq;&ygrnf/ rnfolwdkU

tay:qdk;usdK;jzpfay:apaMumif;? EkwfxGufoGm;olrsm;½Sd-r½SdESifh ½Sdygu tb,faMumifh

EkwfxGufoGm;aMumif;wdkUudkvnf;avhvm&ef jzpfygonf/yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom apmifhMunfh

ppfaq;onfhpepfudk tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;vHk; yg0ifapvsuf wnfaxmif

&ygrnf/ odkUrSom ¤if;wdkY apmifhMunfhppfaq;vdkaom tcsuftvufrsm;? rnfonfh

enf;vrf;jzifh rnfonfhtcsdefwGif tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;vdkonf[laom tcsuf

rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í vkdtyfcsuftrsdK;rsdK;udk jznfhqnf;ay;Edkifygrnf/ apmifhMunfhppfaq;

onfhvkyfief;pOfwGif tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif;? jyefvnfoHk;oyfaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;

usif;yjcif;? tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;wdkU yg0ifygrnf/

a,bk,stm;jzifh apmifhMunfhppfaq;aom tpD&ifcHpmwGif atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;

yg0ifoifhygonf/

• tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jyKpkonfh aeUpGJ

• tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jyKpkaom tzGJUtpnf;

• tpD&ifcHwifjyonfh tcsdefumv

• vkyfief;aqmif½GufrI\ jzpfay:wdk;wufrI

• ñTefjycsufrsm;t& atmifjrifrIrsm;

• &nf&G,fcsufudk jynfhrDSrI

• awGUMuHKcJh&aom jyóemrsm;

• jyóemrsm;udk ajz½Sif;&ef aqmif½GufcJhaom vkyfief;rsm;

• tMuHjyKcsufrsm;

• aiGaMu;tpD&ifcHpm

apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;qdkif&m aemufxyf tao;pdwf

tcsuftvuf rsm;udk aemufqufwGJ-3 wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/


pmrsufESm 62

7-1-5 vsmxm;csufrsm;ESif h tpDtrHrsm;udk n§dEd Iif;jyKjyifjcif;rsm;

ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm; aqmif½Guf&mü arQmfrSef;xm;aom OD;wnfcsuf

rsm;udk atmifjrifatmif aqmif½GufEdkif&ef tvdkUiSm tpDtpOfa&;qGJaom vkyfief;pOf

twGif;wGif n§dEdIif;jyKjyifrIrsm; vdktyfaumif;vdktyfygrnf/ taumiftxnfazmf

aqmif½GufaepOftwGif; DMCESifhtjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf tcsdKUaom

vkyfief;rsm;rSm tpDtpOfa&;qGJpOfu arQmfrSef;cJhouJhodkU qDavsmfrIr&SdaMumif;^

xda&mufrIr&SdaMumif; awGU&ygonf/ odkUr[kwf tcsdKUaomvkyfief;rsm;rSm tjcm;aom

tkyfpkrsm;tay: qdk;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; ½SdEdkifygonf/ DMC taejzifh vkyfief;

aqmif½GufrIrsm;? ñTefjycsufrsm;? tcsdefumvowfrSwfcsufrsm;? bwf*sufwdkUudk

vdktyfovdk n§dEdIif;jyKjyifí &nf&G,fcsufrsm; jynfhrDatmif qufvufaqmif½Guf&rnf

jzpfygonf/ DMC onf topfazmfxkwf&½Sdaom vkyfief;rsm;ESifhvsmxm;csufrsm;udk

taumiftxnfazmf&ef aemufxyf t&if;tjrpfrsm; EdI;aqmf&,l&ef vdktyfaumif;

vdktyfEdkifygonf/

7-2 t&if;tjrpfEd I;aqmf&mwGif rnfodkU ulnDyH hyd k;rnfenf; ... &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;tzGJUonf oGif;tm;pkrsm;ESifh t&if;tjrpf vdktyfcsufrsm;

udk aqG;aEG;&efESifh ¤if;wdkYudk&½SdEdkifrnhfae&m?Xme?tzGJYtpnf;rsm;udk azmfxkwf&eftwGuf

tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tpnf;ta0;udkac:,lusif;y&ygrnf/,if;tpnf;ta0;

wGif OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olonf atmufygwdkUudk aqmif½Guf&ygrnf/

ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;twGufaqmif½GufEdkifrnfh tpDtrHrsm;? ,if;tpDtrH

rsm;udktaumiftxnfazmf&ef vdktyfaom oGif;tm;pkrsm;ESifh ,if;oGif;tm;pkrsm;

jznfhqnf;ay;Ekdif&ef vdktyfaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;taMumif; aqG;aEG;&ef pDpOf

aqmif½Gufjcif;

vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm; (vlrIa&;ESifh enf;ynmt&if;tjrpfrsm;)? ½kyf0w¬K

ypönf;^½kyfydkif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;? obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;? aiGaMu; t&if;tjrpf

rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í aqG;aEG;&ef tm;ay;jcif;/

tzGJUtpnf;twGif;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;jyifyrS t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk azmfxkwfjcif;ESifh?

vdktyfaom t&if;tjrpf rsm;udk rnfonfh ae&mrS EdI;aqmfEkdifaMumif; ½Sif;vif;pGm

od½Sd&efaqmif½Guf&ygrnf/ e,fajrcHtusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifolrsm;wGif &yf½GmwGif

aexdkifolwpfOD;csif;? rdom;pkrsm;? bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;? c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;?

rlqvifAvDrsm;? &yf½GmwGif;tkyfpkrsm; odkUr[kwf aus;&GmvlBuD;rsm; yg0ifEkdif

ygonf/ jyifyrS tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;wGif NrdKUe,fab;tEÅ&m,f


pmrsufESm 63

pDrHcefUcGJrIaumfrwD? tif*sDtdkrsm;? yk*¾vdupD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;? y&[dw

tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yg0ifEdkifygonf/

atmufygZ,m;14wGifazmfjyxm;aom&if;jrpfEdI;aqmfjcif;Z,m;udk &if;jrpfEId;aqmfjcif;

vkyfief;pOfwGiftoHk;jyK&efenf;vrf;ud&d,mtjzpfvnf;aumif;? tqdkygvkyfief;pOf\

tqHk;owf&v'ftjzpfvnf;aumif; toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/

Z,m; 14 &if;jrpfEI d;aqmfjcif;Z,m;

oGif;tm;pkrsm; vdktyfaom t&if;tjrpfrsm; &½SdEdkifaom ae&mrsm;

vlUpGrf;tm; ½kyfydkif; obm0 aiG

aMu;

&yf½Gm jyifyrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;

tif*sDtdk tpdk;&

enf;ynm

rnfodkUaom uRrf;usifrI

trsdK;tpm; vkdtyfoenf;/

rnfrQ vdktyfoenf;/

rnfonfh tcsdefwGif vkdtyf

oenf;/

rnfonfh ae&mwGif vkdtyf

oenf;/

tcsdefumv rnfrQ txd

vkdtyfoenf;/

½kyf0w¬Kypönf;

rnfodkUaom ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;

oGif;tm;pktrsdK; tpm;rsm;

vkdtyfoenf;/

rnfrQ vdktyfoenf;/

rnfonfh tcsdefwGif vkdtyf

oenf;/

rnfonfh ae&mwGif vkdtyf

oenf;/


pmrsufESm 64

7-3 yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; vkyfaqmifyH k

DMC onf tusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;udk zdwfac:í tcsdefumvowfrSwfí

yHkrSefusif;yaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfonfhtpnf;ta0;rsm; usif;yjcif;jzifh yg0ifaqmif½Guf

aom jyefvnfoHk;oyfonfhvkyfief;pOfudk xlaxmifoifhygonf/ atmufazmfjyyg

BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm; aqmif½Guf&ef vkdtyfygonf/

DMConf tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm; tm;vHk;udk tcsdefumvowfrSwf

í yHkrSefusif;yaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf&ef

EIwfjzifh? pmjzifh odkUr[kwf w,fvDzkef;qufoG,fí vdktyfovdk zdwfMum;&

ygrnf/ oabmwlnDxm;aom tpD&ifcHpm yHkpHudk ay;ydkUNyD; vdktyfovdk

owday;EId;aqmfpmrsm; a&;om;xkwfjyef&efjzpfygonf/

DMConf tpnf;ta0; usif;yrnfhae&m? tpnf;ta0; twGuf vdktyfaom

ae&mxkdifcif; ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udk pDpOfygrnf/ Oyrm -tpnf;ta0;cef;r?

pm½GufvSefum;csyfrsm;? rifwH? uGefysLwmESifh y½dk*sufwmwdkU vdktyfNyD;

&&SdEdkifygu toHk;jyKEkdif&ef pDpOf&ygrnf/

DMC onf rSwfpka&;om;olwpfOD;udk wm0efay;tyfxm;&ygrnf/ ¤if;u

tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;rsm; jyKpkNyD; tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufolrsm;xH jzefUa0

ay;&ygrnf/

7-4 vsmxm;csufrsm; odkUr[kwf tpDtpOfudk jyifqifyH k

tusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm;\ jzpfay:wdk;wufrI?

ñTefjycsufrsm;? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&; tpDtrHrsm;\

oufa&mufrIwdkUudk tcsdefumvowfrSwfí yHkrSefusif;yaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;

tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jyefvnfoHk;oyf&ef jzpfygonf/ atmufazmfjyyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk

ar;jref;jcif;jzifh &½SdcJhaomwdk;wufrIudk qef;ppfavhvm Ekdifygonf/

vkyfief;rsm;udk pDpOfxm;onfhtwdkif; taumiftxnfazmfcJhygovm;/ &nf&G,f

csufrsm; jynfhrDygovm;/

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf OD;wnfcsufrsm;atmifjrif&ef rnfodkU taxmuftul

jyKcJhygoenf;/

vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm;onf vltrsm;\ ½IjrifyHkrsm;? tjyKtrlrsm;? ½kyfydkif;ESifh

vlrIa&;ydkif; om,m0ajyma&;? pGrf;aqmifEkdifpGrf;½Sdapa&;wdkUwGif tvdk½Sdaom

oufa&mufrI (tajymif;tvJrsm;) jzpfyGm;ap&ef pGrf;aqmifEkdifygovm;/


pmrsufESm 65

&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jynfhrDatmif tb,faMumifh raqmif½GufEdkifygoenf;/

(tusHK;0if ygu) vkyfief;rsm; odkUr[kwf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk ajymif;vJ&ef

vdktyfygovm;/

&nf&G,fcsufrsm; atmifjrif&ef rnfonfhvkyfief;topfrsm;udk vkyfaqmif&ef

vdktyfygoenf;/ ,if;vkyfief;rsm;\ oufa&mufrIudk tuJjzwf&eftwGuf

rnfonfh ñTefjycsufrsm;udk toHk;jyKEdkifygoenf;/

qdk;usdK;oufa&mufcH&aomtkyfpkrsm; odkUr[kwf vlyk*¾dKvfrsm; ½Sdygovm;/

EkwfxGufoGm;aom tkyfpkrsm; odkUr[kwf vlyk*¾dKvfrsm; ½Sdygovm;/ tb,faMumifh

þodkY jzpf&ygoenf;/

vuf½Sd&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm rSefuefrI ½Sdygovm;/ tajymif;tvJ jyKvkyf&ef

vdktyfygovm;/ rnfonfh &nf&G,fcsufopfrsm;ukd xm;½Sd&ef vdktyfygoenf;/

&nf&G,fcsufopfrsm; jynfhrDatmif aqmif½Guf&ef rnfonfhvkyfief;opfrsm;

vdktyfygoenf;/

vuf½Sdt&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm vkyfief;opfrsm;taumiftxnfazmf&ef vHkavmufrI

½Sdygovm;/ aemufxyft&if;tjrpfrsm; vdktyfygvm;/

rnfonfh t&if;tjrpftopfrsm;udk rnfrQ vdktyfygoenf;/

&yf½GmtwGif;wGif ,if;t&if;tjrpfrsm; &½SdEdkifygovm;/ rnfolwdkUwGif ,if;

t&if;tjrpfrsm; ½Sdygoenf;/

jyifyrS t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk EdI;aqmf&ef vdktyfygovm;/ vkdtyfygu rnfolUxHrS

rnfrQ vdktyfygoenf;/


pmrsufESm 66

tcef; 7

avhvmcJhorQ . . .

- taumiftxnfazmfa&;

vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ESif h

vkyfief;pOfrsm;

- t&if;tjrpfEd I;aqmf&mwGif rnfodk Y

ulnDyH hyd k;rnfenf;/

- yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom

jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; vkyfaqmifyH k - vsmxm;csufrsm; odkUr[kwf

tpDtpOfudk jyifqifyH k

rarh&ef

jyifqifrItm;enf;qHk;tcsdefwGif

ab;tEå&m,fusa&mufvdrfhrnf/


pmrsufESm 67

tcef; 8

&yf½GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;\ t"dutpdwftydkif;rsm;

&yf½GmtajcjyK ab;tEÅ&m,f pDrHcefUcGJa&; CBDRM wGif t"duta&;ygaom

tpdwftydkif; 8&yf ½Sdygonf/ oufqdkif&m ñTefjycsufrsm;udk tajcjyKí ,if;tpdwftydkif;

rsm;udk wdkif;wmtuJjzwf&ef txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/ ,if;wdkUrSm jyifyrS uruxjyK

aqmif½Gufaom zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm; NyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;

&yf½GmwGif;vkyfief;rsm; pOfqufrjywf qufvufaqmif½GufEdkif&ef tvdkUiSm CBDRM

vkyfief;tpDtpOfu e,fajrcH&yf½GmtwGif;wGif wnfaxmifEdkif&ef BudK;yrf;&rnfh tzGJU

tpnf;pepf tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh xGufay:&v'frsm; jzpfygonf/ þxGufay: &v'f

ñTefjycsufrsm;onf a&½SnfwnfwHhaom zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI&½Sda&; e,fajrcH&yf½Gm\

pGrf;aqmifEkdifpGrf; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf CBDRM vkyfief;pOf\ atmifjrifrIudk

wdkif;wm&ef ñTefjycsuftjzpfvnf; toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/

t"duta&;ygaom tpdwftydkif; 8 &yfESifh ,if;tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifh oufqkdifaom

ñTefjycsufrsm;udk Z,m;-15 wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

Z,m; 15 t"du ta&;ygaom CBDRM tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESif h oufqkdif&m ñTefjycsufrsm;

pOf t"du tpdwftydkif;

t"du ñTefjycsufrsm;

(vlwpfOD;csif;ESif h &yf½GmaexdkifrIb0

tajymif;tvJrsm;udk wdkif;wmjcif;)

1 &yf½Gm ab;tEÅ&m,f

pDrHcefUcG Ja&; tzGJUtpnf;

(DMC)

&nf½G,fcsuf - CBDRM

vkyfief; rsm;udk

&yf½GmtqifhwGif taumif

txnfazmf&ef

tzGJUtpnf;tpDtrH wpf&yfudk

wnfaxmifí tm;jznfh ay;NyD;

a&½Snf aqmif½Guf&ef

- acgif;aqmifrsm;udk todtrSwfjyKjcif; - tkyfpkrsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD;jzpfjcif; - tkyfpkrsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD; tcef;u@rsm;udk

csJUxGifazmfjyNyD;jzpfjcif; - DMCtopfzGJUpnf;jcif;?

&SdjyD;&yf&GmtajcjyKtzGJYtpnf;udk DMCtjzpf azmfxkwf

jcif;? xda&mufpGmvkyfief; aqmif½Gufvsuf ½SdaMumif;

ñTefjycsufrsm;rSmatmufygtwdkif; jzpfygonf- - pkzGJUaom tpDtrHrsm;jzifh ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&;

qdkif&m OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;tMum;

pkpnf; yl;aygif; aqmif½GufrI jr§ifhwifjcif; - ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&; vkyfief;rsm;twGuf

qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk DMC tzGJU0ifrsm;u

tm;vHk;oabmwlnDcsufjzifh csrSwfjcif;


pmrsufESm 68

2 &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f

avQmhcsa&; &efyH kaiG &nf½G,fcsuf -

&yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f

avsmhyg;apa&;ESifh BudKwif

jyifqifa&; tpDtrHrsm;

taumiftxnfazmf&ef

twGuf t&if;tjrpfrsm;

&½Sda&; aqmif½Guf&ef

- &efyHkaiGjznfhqnf;ay;a&; tpDtrHrsm; csrSwfxm;jcif; - DMC u &efyHkaiG &½Sda&; EdI;aqmfjcif; - &yf&GmtajcjyKtzGJYtpnf;uaiGpm&if;xm;½SdtoHk;jyKjcif; - cGJa0owfrSwfay;a&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;oabmwlnDxm;NyD;

jzpfjcif; - aiGaMu;pDrHcefUcGJ&ef 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusifhoifwef;

ay;NyD;jzpfjcif; - &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;\ xnfh0ifrIrsm;udk

tpD&ifcHwifjyEkdifjcif; - tjcm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;rS xnfh0ifrIrsm;udk

tpD&ifcHwifjyEkdifjcif; - tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,folrsm;xH &efyHkaiGrsm; xkwfay;

a&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk oabmwlnD xm;NyD;jzpfjcif; 3 &yf½Gm\ ab;&ef? tEÅ&m,f

usa&mufvG,frI?

pGrf;aqmif&nf ajryHk &nf½G,fcsuf - &yf½GmtajcjyK

ab;tEÅ&m,f avQmhcsa&;ESifh

&yf½Gmavhvmoif,l a&;

twGuf tajccHjzpfap&ef

- e,fajra'owGif; ab;&ef ajryHkrsm; tNyD;owf

a&;qGJNyD; jzpfjcif; - tEÅ&m,f ydkrdkusa&mufvG,foltkyfpkrsm; udk azmfxkwfNyD;

jzpfjcif; - qif;&rGJawrI tqifhudk azmfxkwfí ajryHka&;qGJNyD;

jzpfjcif;? tEÅ&m,fusa&muf vG,frIESifh qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI

tMum; csdwfqufrIrsm;udk qufpyfazmfxkwfNyD; jzpfjcif; - vlwpfOD;csif;ESifh rdom;pkrsm;onfab;&efrsm;? tEÅ&m,f

usa&mufvG,frIrsm;? ab;&eftwGufBudKwifjyifqifjcif;

ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;qdkif&mowif;tcsuf

tvufrsm;udk DMC ESifh e,fajrcH tmPmydkifrsm;^

tif*sDtdkrsm; rS ydkrdkí wuf<upGm ½SmazG&,lvmMujcif; - tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfonfh tcsuftvufrsm; udk

trsm;jynfol od½SdEdkif&ef jyoxm;jcif; 4 &yf½Gmab;tEÅ&m,f

pDrHcefUcG Ja&; tpDtpOf &nf½G,fcsuf -

e,fajra'owGif;

t&if;tjrpfrsm; udk

EId;aqmfjcif;tm;jzifh

- OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;

aMumifh jzpfyGm;aom jyif;xefonfh xdcdkufrIrsm;udk

avQmhcsjcif;?xdef;csKyfEkdifjcif;aMumifh 0ifaiGwdk;jrifh

vmjcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf wpfqifhxkwfvkyfrI


pmrsufESm 69

ab;tEÅ&m,f avsmhyg;apa&;

twGuf &yf½Gmu pkaygif;

aqmif½Gufap&ef

vkyfief;rsm;twGuf ypönf;rsm; [Oyrm toufarG;

0rf;ausmif; ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;? pufypönf;ud&d,mrsm;?

ukefMurf;ypönf;rsm; (uRJEGm;rsm;? avSrsm;? v,fxGefpuf

rsm;)]0,f,ltoHk;jyKrI wdk;wufjrifhrm;vmjcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf vloHk;ypönf;ESifh

0,f,ltoHk;jyKrIESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;

wdk;wufjrifhrm;vmjcif; Oyrm-t0wftpm;?

o,f,lydkUaqmifa&;? tpm;tpm? ½kyfjrifoHMum;?

a&cJaowåm? yefum? avat;puf ponfwdkU - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf uav;oli,f

ynma&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í oHk;pGJaiG

wdk;wufjrifhrm;vmjcif;ESifh rdom;pk usef;rma&;

wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmjcif; 5 DMC avhusifhoifwef;ay;

onfhpepf &nf½G,fcsuf - DMC ESifh

DMC \tzGJU^tkyfpkrsm;\

&yf&GmtajcjyK a½S;OD;olemjyK?

½SmazGu,fq,f a&;?

ab;uiff;&modkU a½TUajymif; a&;

pDrHcefUcGJrI? u,fq,fa&;

vkyfief;rsm; pDrHcefUcGJrI ESifh

ta&;ay: tcdktumpDrHcefUcGJrI

qkdif&menf;ynmESifh

tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m

pGrf;aqmif&nf jr§ifhwifay;jcif;

- ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&; oifwef;rsm;udk jyifyrS

ac:,ljyKvkyfay;aom tzGJUtpnf; rsm; ½Sdjcif; - e,fajrcH tpdk;&bwf*sufwGif &efyHkaiGrsm;

owfrSwfay;jcif; - avhusifhoifwef;ay;rI tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif; - avhusifhoifwef;ay;onfh vufpGJpmtkyfrsm;

xkwfa0jcif; - &yf½Gm avhusifhoifwef;ay;onfh tpDtpOf jyu©'defrsm;

xkwfa0jcif; - &yf½GmwGif; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; tpD&ifcHpmrsm; - oifwef;topfrsm;twGuf oif½dk;ñTef;wrf;rsm;

6 &yf½Gm ZmwfwdkufavhusifhrI

pepf &nf½G,fcsuf - ab;tEÅ&m,f

wkHUjyefrItwGuf &yf½Gmrsm;

toifh½Sdap&ef

- rdom;pkESifh &yf½Gmtqifhrsm;wGifab;tEÅ&m,fwkHUjyefrI

tjyeftvSeftultnDay;a&;twGuf yl;aygif;

aqmif½GufrI ydkrdkrsm;jym;jcif;? Oyrm tdrfeD;csif;rsm;tm;

tultnDay;jcif;? ab;uif;&modkUa½YTajymif;jcif;?

½SmazGu,fq,fjcif;?aiGacs;jcif;?jyeffvnfwnfaqmuf

a&;twGufvkyftm;rQa0jcif;? pm;eyf&du©m odkrSD;

odrf;qnf;&ef rdom;pk0ifrsm;tm; tultnDay;jcif;?

tdrfudk jr§ifhwifí aqmufvkyfjcif; ponf??


pmrsufESm 70

- vltrsm;onf ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif oabm

wlnD xm;aom vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;

udk vkdufemvkyfaqmifjcif;? Oyrm owday;csuf Mum;od

NyD;aemuf csufjcif; tEÅ&m,fuif;&modkU ajymif;a½TUjcif;?

oabmwlnDxm;aom vrf;aMumif;twdkif; oGm;jcif;?

oabmwlnDxm;aom oGm;a&muf &rnfh ae&mrsm;odkU

a&mufatmifoGm;jcif; ponfwdkUjzpfygonf/ - ta&;ay:wHkUjyefrItultnD wdk;jr§ifh ay;tyfjcif;

aMumifh toufqHk;½HI;rI avsmhenf;jcif; 7 &yf½Gm oif,lrIpepf

&nf½G,fcsuf - ab;&efrsm;?

ab; tEÅ&m,frsm;? tEÅ&m,f

usa&mufvG,frIrsm;? tEÅ&m,f

avsmhyg;apjcif; ESifh

BudKwifjyifqifjcif; wdkUudk

vlyk*¾dKvf rsm;? rdom;pkrsm;ESifh

&yf½Gmrsm;u em;vnf

oabmaygufrI wdk;jr§ifh&ef

- OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf ab;&efrScHEkdif&nf

½Sdaom aqmufvkyfa&; vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk

usifhoHk;jcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpk0ifrsm;onf obm0

ywf0ef;usifudk rxdcdkufaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk

usifhoHk;jcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkonf ab;&ef

cHEkdif&nf½Sdaom oD;ESHpkdufysdK;enf;rsm;udk usifhoHk;jcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkonf ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh

jyif;xefpGm rxddcdkufa&; a½Smif½Sm;EdkifNyD; a&½SnfwnfwHh

aom 0ifaiG½Sdjcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,f

usa&mufNyD; tajctaersm;wGif ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom

wpfudk,f&nfoefU½Sif;a&; tavhtusifhrsm;usifhoHk;jcif;

aMumifh usef;rma&;qdkif&mab;uif;vHkjcHKrI&Sdjcif; - OD;wnf&nf½G,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom

BudKwifjyifqifrIESifh xda&mufaom wkefUjyefrI vkyfenf;

vkyf[efrsm;aMumifh pdwfzdpD;rI tqifhrsm; avsmhenf;

usqif;jcif; 8 &yf½Gm\ apmpD;pGm

BudKwifowday;a&; pepf &nf½G,fcsuf-BudKwifowday;

a&;tpDtrHrsm;udk ulnDyHhydk;jcif;

tm;jzifh&yf½Gm\tEÅ&m,f uif;

½Sif;rIudk taxmuftuljyK&ef

- MudKwifowday;aom pepfxm;½SdNyD; oifhavsmfaom

owday;Edkifonfh tmPmydkiftzGJUESifh csdwfqufxm;jcif; - &yf½Gmu BudKwifowday;csuf udkem;vnfjcif; - vlwpfOD;csif;? rdom;pkrsm;? &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;onf

ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh jyif;xefpGm rxdckdufapa&;


pmrsufESm 71

a½Smif½Sm; Edkif&ef oifhavsmfaom BudKwifowdjyKonfh

vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifjcif; - toufu,fq,fa&;wGif bmoma&; ESifh vlrIa&;

toif;tzGJUrsm;\ BudKwifowday;jcif;tm;jzifh

tjyKoabm tcef;u@ vkyfaqmifrIudk

OD;wnf&nf½G,faomtkyfpkrsm;ucsD;usL;ajymMum;Mujcif;?

Oyrm- bk&m;rsm;? rlqvifAvDrsm;?

c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;rsm;? pmoifausmif; rsm;

ponfwdkU

tcef; 8

avhvmcJhorQ . . .

- CBDRM \ t"du

tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESif h

ñTefjycsufrsm;

tEå&m,fudkraMumufygESif h?MudKwifjyifqifyg/


pmrsufESm 72

aemufqufwGJ- 1

yg0ifaqmif&Gufaomaus;vufa'o\tuJjzwfcsuf

(Participatory Rural Appraisal-PRA) udk tusOf;tm;jzifh jcHKiH kazmfjyjcif;

PRA udk &yf½GmtEÅ&m,f tuJjzwfcsufwGif toHk;jyKjcif;onf &yf½GmrS yg0ifaqmif½GufrI?

pdwful;pdwfoef;rsm;wuf<upGmzvS,fjcif;?&yf½GmESifhtjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;

tMum; n§dEdIif;í qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfjcif;wdkU vkyfaqmif&ef zdwfac:Ekdifygonf/

PRA udk 1980jynfhtapmydkif;ESpfrsm;twGif;u tdE´d,ESifh uifnmEdkifiHwdkUwGif azmfxkwfcJh

ygonf/ xdktcsdefrSpí zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; vkyfom;rsm;ESifh CBDRM vkyfief;aqmif½Guf

olrsm;u us,fjyefUpGm toHk;jyKcJhMuygonf/ PDRAESifh PRA wdkUonf &yf½GmpGrf;aqmif

EkdifpGrf;½Sdapa&;[laom wlnDonfh &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif½SdNyD; yg0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;? qifjcif

oHk;oyfjcif;ESifh vkyfief;aqmif½Gufjcif;[laom wlnDonfh rlrsm;udk jr§ifhwifay;ygonf/

OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;jcif;ESif h ulnDyH hyd k;jcif; PDRA aqmif½Guf&mwGif tzGJYGJU0ifrsm;onf PRA enf;vrf;ud&d,mrsm;udk toHk;jyKí

aqG;aEG;rIrsm;udk ulnDyHhydk;ay;ygonf/ tkyfpkwpfpkpDwGif tkyfpkaqG;aEG;rIrsm;udk pDpOf

xdef;odrf;ay;olwpfOD;? aqG;aEG;csufrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wif&efESifh &yf½Gmvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk

Munfh½IavhvmrSwfwrf;jyKpk&ef rSwfpka&;om;olwpfOD; yg0ifygrnf/

taxGaxGpnf;rsOf;taejzifh PDRA OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;onf tkyfpkwGif yg0ifolrsm;

tm;vHk;udk,fpD yg0ifajymMum;Ekdifonfh tcGifhtvrf;½Sdap&rnfjzpfjyD; rnfolwpfOD;

wpfa,mufurQ aqG;aEG;rIrsm;udk vuf0g;BuD;tkyfjcif;? BuD;pdk;jcif;? tkyfpktwGuf

qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfjcif;wdkY r&Sdap&yg/ OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;ESifh &yf½GmwGifaexkdif

olrsm;udk ydkif;jcm;xm;onfh ½kyf0w¬Ktwm;tqD;rsm; jzpfaom pm;yGJ ponfwdkUudkvnf;

rxm;½Sdoifhyg/ puf0dkif;yHk tkyfpkvdkuf 0dkif;xdkifjcif;tm;jzifh vlwkdif; tjcm;olrsm;ESifh tjyef

tvSef aqG;aEG;Edkif&ef tcGifhtvrf; &½Sdygrnf/

PRA twGuf toHk;jyKaom ypönf;rsm;

PRA jyKvkyf&mwGif toHk;0ifaom ypönf;rsm;rSm yJaphrsm;? t½G,frwlaom ausmufcJrsm;?

opf½Gufrsm;? ausmufcJ 10vHk;? rifwHrsm;? pm½GufvSefum;csyfrsm;? a&mifpHkcJwHrsm;?

a&mifpHkpuúLrsm;? aumf? uyf&ef wdyf wdkUjzpfygonf/ PDRA vkyfief;aqmif½Gufol

tm;vHk;wGif ,if;ypönf;rsm; yg0ifaom PDRA tdwf wpfvHk;pD ½Sd&ygrnf/


pmrsufESm 73

rSwfwrf;xm;½Sdjcif;

&yf½Gm\ trnfESifh tkyfpkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif yg0ifaom &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;\

trnfrsm;udk PRA rSwfpkrsm;? odkUr[kwf toHk;jyKaom pm½GufvSefum;csyfrsm;

aemufausmwGif a&;om;xm;&ygrnf/ rSwfpka&;om;olrsm;u &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;\

wkefUjyefajymMum;csufrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\ avhvmawGU½Sdcsufrsm;udk atmufazmfjyyg

yHkpHtwkdif; a&;om;&efjzpfygonf/

yHk 16 PRA pm½GufvSefum;csyf Oyrm

ae&ma'otrnf aeUpGJ

rSwfpka&;om;oltrnf yg0ifaqG;aEG;olta&twGuf pkpkaygif;

OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;ol(rsm;)trnf trsdK;om;ta&twGuf

toHk;jyKaomenf;vrf; trsdK;orD;ta&twGuf

&v'frsm; - t"du ar;jref;aom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;csufrsm;

1/ oif\ b0aexdkifrIESifh ywf0ef;usifwGif ab;&efaMumifh rnfodkU xdcdkufygoenf;/ (Oyrm

a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;? rdk;acgifa&½Sm;jcif;? awmrD;avmifjcif;)

2/ tNrJwap ,if;odkUyif xdcdkufygovm;/

3/ ,if;ab;&efrsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrIonf ,cifuxuf ydkrdkí jyif;xefvmonf[k rnfonfh

tcsdefwGif pwifí owdjyKrdoenf;/

4/ ,if;ab;&efrsm;onf ,cifuxufydkí tb,faMumifh jyif;xefvmygoenf;/

aemufxyf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;

avhvmawGU½Sdcsufrsm;


pmrsufESm 74

aemufqufwGJ – 2

&yf&GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcG Ja&;tpDtpOfwGifyg0ifonfh

taMumif;t&mrsm;

1/ &yf&Gmqdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;

wnfae&m(jrdKYe,f?&yfuGufâus;&Gmtkyfpk?jzpfEdkifygu blrdtkyfpk) {&d,mtus,ft0ef;?

vlOD;a&qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;?(pmwwfajrmufrIEIef;? pD;yGm;a&;? t"dutoufarG;

0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;ponf)? jrdKYe,fXmecsKyfrStuGmta0;? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&; (t"du

vrf;rMuD;?&xm;vrf;?a&vrf;ponf)? &moDOwk? yx0Dtaetxm;? ajrrsufESmoGifjyif?

tylcsdef? rdk;a&csdef? oD;ESHpdkufysKd;rIyHkpH? jrpfrsm;? aomufoHk;a&&&SdEdkifonfh t"du ae&mrsm;

ponf/

2/ &yf&GmtwGif; obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI

&yf&GmtwGif; jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom? ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\&mZ0if? ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufcJhrI

aMumifhtqdk;&Gm;qHk;jzpfay:cJhaomxdckdufrItay:qef;ppfavhvmcsuftqdkygab;tEÅ&m,f

rsm;usa&mufEdkifaomae&ma'o?&yf&Gmvlxk? tajccHtaqmuftOD? ¤if;wdkY\ckcHEdkifpGrf;

enf;yg;rI? vlrIpD;yGm;tajctae? tdrf,mrsm;ponf? oufMuD;&G,ftdkvlOD;a&? roefpGrf;

OD;a&?trsdK;orD;OD;aqmifaomtdrfaxmifpkOD;a& ponf/

3/ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcG JrIaumfrwD (DMC) ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwD (DMC) âus;&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwD

tzGJY0ifpm&if;?taMumif;t&mtvdkufzGJYpnf;xm;aomtzGJY^tkyfpkrsm;(a&S;OD;olemjyK? &SmazG

u,fq,fa&;?tcdktumponf)? trsdK;orD;rsm;yg0ifrI? ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufpOf

toHk;jyK&efpk&yf? jrdKYe,fâus;&Gmtkyfpkab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwD? tpdk;&r[kwf

aom tzGJUtpnf;tif*sDtdk tp&SdonfwdkUESifh csdwfquf aqmif&GufrIrsm; ponf/

4/ &yf&GmwHkUjyefaqmif&GufrItpDtpOf

ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwD(DMC)âus;&Gmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwDESifh

¤if;\tzGJYrsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;? jcHKiHkn§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? ta&;ay:

owday;csufESifhowif;jzefUa0jcif;? ysufpD;qHk;½IH;rIqef;ppfcsufESifhowif;ay;ydkUjcif;? &SmazG

u,fq,fjcif;? aq;0g;tultnDay;jcif;? axmufyHhydkUaqmifa&; pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;?

qufoG,fa&;aqmif&Gufjcif;? ,m,Dtrdk;tumpDpOfjcif;? tpm;taomufpDpOfjcif;?

aysmufqHk;olrsm;tm;&SmazGjcif;? wd&pämefrsm;tm; apmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh aoqHk;rIrsm;tm;

pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif; ponf/


pmrsufESm 75

5/ obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;tpDtpOf

ab;tEÅ&m,fMudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifhab;avsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;twGuftcdsefowfrSwf

csufESifh wdkif;wmEdkifaomnTefjycsufrsm;? bkef;MuD;ausmif;? c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;rsm;rS

wpfqifh&yf&Gmtqifh? pmoifausmif;rsm;rSwpfqifh uav;rsm;twGuf todynmay;a&;

aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; ponf)

6/ apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;ESif h pdppfoHk;oyfjcif;

tpDtpOftm; tcsdefumvowfrSwfí jznfhpGufjyifqifjcif; (wpfESpfwpfMudrf? rkwfokef

&moDrwdkifrDjzpfvQifydkoifhawmfygonf)tpDtpOfwGifazmfjyxm;aomab;tEÅ&m,fMudKwif

jyifqifa&;ESifhab;avsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;?

BudKwifjyifqifrIudkppfaq;Edkif&eftwGuf Zmwfwdkufavhusifhjcif; ponf)

aemufqufwGJ

(u)jrdKYe,f^aus;&Gmtkyfpkab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJa&;aumfrwDrsm;\qufoG,f&rnfh

vdyfpm? zkef;eHygwf

(c) jrdKYe,ftqifhXmeqdkif&mrsm;ESifhqufoG,f&rnfhtcsuftvufpm&if;

(rdk;av0oESifhZvaA'nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme? rD;owfOD;pD;Xme? jrefrmEdkifiH

MuufajceDtoif;? tif*sDtdkrsm;tygt0if)

(*) &yf&GmESifhteD;ywf0ef;usif&Sdt&if;tjrpfrsm;\pm&if;(avSrsm;? a&jyifu,fq,f

a&;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;?MudK;rsm;?a&S;OD;olemjyKaowÅm?bwfpfum;? u,fq,fa&;

ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;(oHMudK;?wl?a*:jym;ponf)? ab;uif;aomtcdktum? "r®m&Hk?

ausmif;? ,mOf? qefpuf? aq;qdkif? q&m0ef ponf)


pmrsufESm 76

aemufqufwGJ 3

yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESif htuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;

Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation - PME

yg0ifaqmif½GufaomapmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifhtuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;-PME wGif e,fajrcH

&yf½Gm? zGHUNzdK;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tvSL½Sifrsm;ESifh tjcm;tusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;

yg0ifaqmif½GufNyD; wdk;wufrIudk rnfodkUwdkif;wmoifhaMumif;? þqef;ppfcsuf&v'ftjzpf

rnfonfhvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½Guf&efvdktyfaMumif; twlwuGqHk;jzwfygonf/ oufqkdif

olrsm; tm;vHk;onf pDrHcsufvkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm; rnfrQ xda&mufrI ½Sdonfudk od½Sd&ef

vdktyfonf[k þcsOf;uyfyHkwGif ,lqcsufxm;½Sdygonf/ vltrsm;tm; wdk;wufrI

qdkonfrSm rnfonfudk ac:qdkaMumif; t,ltqrsm;udk qef;ppfNyD; ay:aygufvmonfh

qefUusifrIrsm;? y#dyu©rsm;udk ajz½Sif;&ef tm;ay;&ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh tcuftcJ

pdefac:rIrsm;ESifh MuHKawGU&Edkifygonf/

PME rlrsm;

PME wGif tcsuftcsmusaom us,fjyefUonfh rl4&yf ½Sdygonf/

yg0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;/ PMEwGif tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufoltrsm;tjym; yg0if

aqmif½GufMuygonf/tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;olrsm;? taumiftxnfazmfaom tzGJUtpnf;\

tqifhtm;vHk;½SdpDrHcsuf odkUr[kwf vkyfief;tpDtpOf0efxrf;rsm;? okawoejyKvkyfolrsm;?

tpdk;&Xmersm;ESifh tvSL½Sifrsm; yg0ifEdkifygonf/

oif,lrI/ tawGUtMuHKrSoif,lrIudk tav;teufxm;ygonf/ yg0ifaqmif½Gufol

rsm;onf uRrf;usifrIrsm; &½SdNyD; tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;? jyóemajz½Sif;jcif;ESifh qHk;jzwfcsuf

csrSwfjcif;pGrf;aqmif&nfudk tm;aumif;apygonf/ pDrHcsufudk xdcdkufaom taMumif;

tcsufrsm; odkUr[kwf owfrSwfcsufrsm;? atmifjrifrIESifh ratmifjrifrI taMumif;&if;rsm;?

tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;udk prf;oyftoHk;jyKoifhaom taMumif;&if;rsm;udk ydkrkdí em;vnf

oabmaygufvmrnfjzpfygonf/

aqG;aEG;n§dEd Iif;jcif;/ PME onf vltrsm;\ rwlnDaomvdktyfcsufrsm;? arQmfvifhcsuf

rsm;? &nfrSef;csufrsm;? arQmfrSef;csufrsm;tMum; aqG;aEG;n§dEdIif;&ef vlrIa&;vkyfief;pOf

wpf&yf jzpfvmEdkifygonf/


pmrsufESm 77

ajymif;vG,fjyifvG,f½S djcif;/ PME aqmif½Guf&ef enf;vrf; trsdK;rsdK; ½SdEdkifygonf/

pDrHcsuf\ tajctaeESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;tay: rlwnfí ajymif;vG,fjyifvG,f½SdNyD;

vdktyfovdk n§dEdIif;Ekdifygonf/

apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;

apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;rSm vkyfief;tpDtpOfwpf&yfudk taumiftxnfazmfrItqifh

tm;vHk;ü tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;u pOfqufrjywf odkUr[kwf tcsdefumv

owfrSwfí yHkrSefjyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh BuD;Muyfjcif;jzpfygonf/ oGif;tm;pkrsm;? vkyfief;

tcsdefZ,m;rsm;? &nfrSef;aomxGufay:&v'frsm;ESifh tjcm;vdktyfaom vkyfaqmifcsuf

rsm;udk tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif½GufEkdifap&ef jzpfygonf/ pDrHcsuf OD;wnfcsufrsm;

atmifjrif&eftwGuf txda&mufqHk; oGif;tm;pkaygif;pyfjcif;ESifh oGif;tm;pk tpDtpOf

rsm;taumiftxnfay:ap&eftwGufuGif;qif;vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm;udkjyKjyifajymif;vJ

Edkifygrnf/

pDrHcsufpDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif; trsdK;tpm; tenf;qHk; 3rsdK;udk

awGU½SdEdkifygonf/

vkyfief;pOf apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;/ vkyfief;pOf apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;rSm oGif;tm;pk

rsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;? vkyfief;rsm;wdk;wufrI? ,if;wdkUudk aqmif½Gufonfh enf;vrf;wdkUESifh

pyfvsOf;í owif;tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;jcif;jzpfygonf/ vkyfief;pOf apmifhMunfh

ppfaq;jcif;rSm jzpf&yfrsm; tb,faMumifh jzpfyGm;aMumif;? rnfodkU jzpfyGm;aMumif;?

vkyfief;pOfrsm;\ oufqdkifrI? xda&mufrIESifh wGifus,frIwdkUudk avhvmygonf/ tpDtpOf

a&;qGJjcif;? rnfonfwdkUudk apmifhMunhfppfaq;rnfjzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfjcif;? apmifhMunfh

ppfaq;onfhvkyfief;pOfrsm;azmfxkwfírSwfwrf;wifjcif;wdkUwGiftusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfouf

olrsm;ESifh tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;olrsm; yg0ifaqmif½Gufapygonf/ vkyfief;pOf apmifhMunfh

ppfaq;&mwGif vkyfief;pOfudk rnfuJhokdU aqmif½GufaMumif; rSwfwrf;xm;½Sd&ef vdktyf

ygonf/

oufa&mufrIapmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;/ oufa&mufrIapmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;rSm OD;wnf

csufrsm;atmifjrifa&;twGuf wdk;wufrI? ,if;OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í rnfonfh

oufa&mufrIrsm;½SdaMumif;owif;tcsuftvufrsm;jzpfygonf/oufa&mufrI apmifhMunhf

ppfaq;jcif;rSm pOfqufrjywf rdrdbmom tuJjzwfjcif; yHko@mefwpfrsdK; jzpfygonf/

aumif;rGefpGm aqmif½Gufygu yHkrSeftuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef vdktyfcsuf

enf;yg;oGm;ygrnf/ yHkrSef tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyfonfhwdkif vkyfief;tpDtpOf


pmrsufESm 78

0efxrf;rsm;onf vkyfief;OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í aqmif½Guf&rnfh taetxm;udk

od½SdNyD;jzpfygrnf/

ta&;ygaom tajymif;tvJudk apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;/ yxrqHk; aqmif½Guf&rnfh

vkyfief;rSm taumiftxnfazmfonfh tzGJUtpnf; 0efxrf;rsm;onf ta&;ygaom

tajymif;tvJ enf;vrf;udk toHk;jyKí rnfonfh tajymif;tvJ e,fy,f odkUr[kwf

tydkif;u@udk apmifhMunfhppfaq;vdkaMumif; azmfxkwf&ef jzpfygonf/ tajymif;tvJ

trsdK;tpm;2rsdK;udk t"duxm; tm½Hkpl;pdkufoifhygonf/ vltrsm;\ b0aexdkifrI

tajymif;tvJrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;tajymif;tvJrsm; jzpfygonf/ ta&;ygt&ma&muf

aom tajymif;tvJ enf;vrf;wGif tajccHtjzpf ½dk;½Sif;aom atmufygar;cGef;udk

ar;jref;&ygonf/ ]]pDrHcsufaMumifh jzpfyGm;onf[k xifjrif,lq&onfh ta&;ygqHk;

tajymif;tvJrSm tb,fenf;}} [lí jzpfygonf/

tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;

tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;rSm pDrHcsufOD;wnfcsufrsm; rnfonfhtwkdif;twmtxd atmifjrifcJh

aMumif; azmfxkwfEkdif&ef pDrHcsufwpfck\ &v'frsm;ESifh oufa&mufrIrsm;udk tuJjzwf

aom vkyfief;[k t"dyÜg,fazmfjyEkdifygonf/ pDrHcsufNyD;pD;aomtcg tuJjzwf

oHk;oyfjcif;jzifh pDrHcsuf atmifjrifrI½Sdr½Sd azmfxkwf&ef taxmuf tuljyKEkdifygonf/

atmifjrifrI r½Sdygu tb,faMumifh ratmifjrifaMumif; azmfxkwf&ygrnf/ pDrHcsufudk

qufvuf aqmif½Guf&ef vdktyfaejcif; odkUr[kwf vdktyfaom &v'frsm; ay:ayguf

vmap&ef n§dEdIif;ajymif;vJrIrsm; jyKvkyf&ef vdktyfjcif;wdkU jzpfEkdifygonf/ tuJjzwf

oHk;oyfjcif;onf aqmif½GufqJ vkyfief;rsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGefapa&;? aemiftcg

tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;ESifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfjcif;wdkUwGif pDrHcefUcGJrItydkif;tm; tultnD

ay;jcif;wdkUtwGuf toHk;jyKEdkifonfh tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m vkyfief;pOfvnf; jzpfygonf/

tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyfonfh vkyfief;pOf

rlvyuwdtajctaeavhvmcsuf (yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf)

udk pDrHcsuf rpwifrD aqmif½Gufxm;½SdNyD; tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&ef tajccHtjzpf

toHk;jyK&ygrnf/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsdefwGif pDrHcsufOD;wnfcsufrsm; azmfxkwfpOfu

owfrSwfcJhonfh ñTefjycsufrsm;udk toHk;jyKNyD; ,if;tydkif;u@rsm;qdkif&m owif;

tcsuftvufrsm;udk tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsdefwGif pkaqmif;&ygrnf/ xdkUaemuf vkyfief;

aqmif½Gufolrsm;onf rlvyuwd tajctaeESifh pDrHcsuf taumiftxnfazmfNyD;

tajctaewdkUudk EdIif;,SOfjcif;jzifh tajctaetajymif;tvJrsm;udk qef;ppfavhvm

Ekdifygrnf/


pmrsufESm 79

tuJjzwfoHk;oyfrIjyKvkyf&ef tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsufjyKvkyfjcif;

wdkUwGif atmufazmfjyyg vkyfief;tqifhrsm;udk aqmif½Guf&ef jzpfygonf/

1/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyfonfh &nf½G,fcsufudk owfrSwfjcif;

• tb,faMumifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfygoenf;/

• rnfolu tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsufudk jyKvkyfapvdkygoenf;/

• tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;olrsm;rSm rnfolwdkUjzpfygoenf;/

• &v'frsm;udk rnfonfhqHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwf&ef toHk;jyKygrnfenf;/

• &v'frsm;udk rnfodkU toHk;jyKrnfenf;/

tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyf&onfh &nf½G,fcsuf trsdK;rsdK; ½SdEdkifygonf/ Oyrm

- omreftm;jzifh pDrHcsuf odkUr[kwf vkyfief;tpDtpOf tqHk;wGif taumif;

tqdk; xGufay:&v'frsm;ESifh oufa&mufrIrsm;udk tjynfhtpHk azmfxkwf&ef

- aemiftcg vkyfief;tpDtpOf r[mAsL[m a&;qGJ&efESifh Mum;0ifaqmif½GufrI

rsm;\ xda&mufrIrsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef toHk;jyKEkdifrnfh oifcef;pmrsm;

azmfxkwf&ef

- rl0g'tajymif;tvJjyKvkyfjcif;?tzGJUtpnf;pepfwnfaxmifjcif;wdkUudk OD;aqmif

pnf;½Hk;&eftwGuf tawGUtMuHKrsm;udk rSwfwrf;xm;½Sd&ef

- tzGJUtpnf;pepfrsm;ukd vlodrsm;apa&;twGuf toHk;jyKEkdifrnfh t&nftaoG;

aumif;rGefrI? xda&mufrIwdkUudk jyoaom tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;&ef

- vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIwm0ef,l&efESifh wm0ef,laMumif; jyo&ef

- apmifhMunhfppfaq;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef

- rdrd\ vkyfief;udk udk,fwdkifa0zef&ef

- tm;omcsuf? tm;enf;csufrsm; rnfonfhae&mwGif½SdaMumif; od½Sd&ef

- vkyfief;tpDtpOfudk tvm;wl vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOf&ef

- tawGUtMuHKrsm; rQa0&ef

- vkyfief;aqmif½Guf&mwGif ukefusp&dwf rsm;jym;vGef;NyD; atmifjrifrIenf;yg;

aejcif; ½Sdr½Sd od½Sd&ef

2/ ñTefjycsufrsm; owfrSwfjcif;

ñTefjycsufrsm;rSm apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif; vkyfief;pOf trsm;pk

twGuf t"duae&mrS yg0if&ygonf/ ñTefjycsufrsm; a½G;cs,f&mwGif rnfonfwdkUudk


pmrsufESm 80

od½SdvdkaMumif;?rnfonfhtajymif;tvJrsm;udkjzpfyGm;apvdkaMumif;? ,if;tajymif;tvJrsm;

udk rnfuJhodkU apmifhMunfhppfaq;EkdifaMumif; ½Sif;vif;azmfjy&ef vdktyfygonf/ ñTefjycsuf

rsm;onf rnfonfhowif;tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;&ef vdktyfaMumif; qHk;jzwfEkdif&ef

taxmuftuljyKygonf/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkdifolrsm; toHk;jyKaom ñTefjycsufrsm;onf

tultnDay;aom tzGJUtpnf;u toHk;jyKaom ñTefjycsufrsm;ESifh rwlnDbJ jzpfEdkif

ygonf/ odkUaomf yg0ifolrsm;tm;vHk;onf toHk;jyKrnfh ñTefjycsufrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í

oabmwlnD&ygrnf/ atmufazmfjyygwkdUudk aqmif½Guf&ef oifhwifhavsmufywfaom

ñTefjycsufrsm;udk a&;om;jyKpkEkdifygonf/

- &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;ESifhtwl taxGaxGESifh tao;pdwf vkyfief;pDrHudef;

OD;wnfcsufrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;? pDrHudef;xGufay:&v'frsm;ESifh

oufa&mufrIrsm;udk tvm;wl jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;

- &yf½Gmtay: oufa&mufrI½SdNyD; pDrHcsuf&v'frsm;tay: MoZmoufa&mufrI

½SdEdkifonfh jyifytaMumif;tcsufrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;? vdktyfygu

ñTefjycsufrsm;udk aemufqHk;tajctaeESifh udkufnDatmif jyKjyifjcif;

- &yf½GmwGifaexdkifolrsm;onf ¤if;wdkU\ jyóemrsm;udk ajz½Sif;&eftwGuf

taumif;qHk;ajz½Sif;csuf a½G;cs,faomtcg azmfxkwfcJhaom pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk

jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;/ &yf½GmwGif aexdkifolrsm;onf tb,faMumifh tcsdKUaom

ajz½Sif;csufrsm;udk ydkrdkí ESpfoufygoenf;/

- oufqkdifaomudpö&yfrsm;?tajymif;tvJrsm;udk apmifhMunhfppfaq;&ef tvdkUiSm

ajzMum;ay;&rnfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk jyKpkjcif;

txufwGif½Sif;vif;azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; ñTefjycsufrsm;onf t"duxm;azmfjyrI trsdK;rsdK;

½Sdygonf/ pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfazmfrI (oGif;tm;pkrsm;? xGufay:&v'frsm;) vkyfief;pOf

udk t"duazmfjyaomñTefjycsufrsm; ½SdouJhodkU pDrHcsuf\ oufa&mufrIrsm; (xGufay:

&v'frsm;)udkt"duazmfjyaomñTefjycsufrsm;vnf;½Sdygonf/ vkyfief;pOfESifh oufa&mufrI

ñTefjycsuf ESpf&yfpvHk;rSm ta&twGufESifh t&nftaoG; ñTefjycsufrsm; jzpfEkdifygonf/

3/ t"duxm; tuJjzwfoHk;oyfrnfh taMumif;t&mudk owfrSwfjcif;

- t"duudpö&yfrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/

- ajzMum;&rnfh wdusaomar;cGef;rsm;rSm rnfonfwdkUenf;/

- rnfonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk ½SmazGrnfenf;/


pmrsufESm 81

- owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfolUxHrS odkUr[kwf rnfonfhae&mrsm;rS

&½SdEdkif rnfenf;/

- atmifjrifrIrsm;ESifhvkyfief;aqmif½GufrIrsm;udk tuJjzwf&ef rnfonfhñTefjycsuf

rsm;udk toHk;jyKrnfenf;/

4/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyfrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk owfrSwf azmfjyjcif;

- owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;&ef rnfonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;jyK

rnfenf;/

- tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&mwGif rnfolwdkU yg0ifaqmif½Gufrnfenf;/

- owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfonfhtcsdefwGif pkaqmif;rnfenf;/

5/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf&v'frsm;udk qef;ppf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyjcif;

- qef;ppfavhvmrnfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfodkU pkaqmif;rnfenf;/

- rnfolonf rnfonfhowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfonfhyHko@mefjzifh

vdktyf oenf;/

- &v'frsm;udk rSefuefrI½SdaMumif; rnfolu rnfodkU ppfaq;rnfenf;/

6/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf tpD&ifcHpmudk a&;om;&efenf;vrf;udk owfrSwf azmfjyjcif;

- tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyrnfhtaMumif;t&m tpDtpOfrSm rnfodkU jzpfygoenf;/

- tpD&ifcHpm yHkpHrSm rnfodkU jzpfygoenf;/

- tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsufrS&½Sd&efarQmfrSef;xm;aomxGufay:&v'frsm;

(oifcef;pmrsm;?rnfonfYtaMumif;t&mwdkYESifhpyfvsOf;onfhtMuHjyKcsufrsm;)rSm

rnfonfwdkUenf;/

- tpD&ifcHpmudk rnfolu a&;om;rnfenf;/

- tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf &v'frsm;udk rnfolu rnfodkUtoHk;jyKrnfenf;/

7/ taxGaxG tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuf tpDtpOfudk tNyD;owfa&;om;jcif;

- tuJjzwfoHk;oyfonfh vkyfief;rsm; tcsdefZ,m;udk owfrSwfqHk;jzwfjcif;

- tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsuftwGuf bwf*sufa&;qGJjcif;


pmrsufESm 82

- tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&mwGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufolrsm;\ tcef;u@ESifh wm0efrsm;udk

½Sif;vif;azmfjyjcif;

- yg0ifaqmif½Gufolrsm;tm;vHk;udk today;ajymMum;í &nfñTef;&ef owfrSwfcsuf

rsm;udk ¤if;wdkUtm;vHk; oabmwlnDap&ef aqmif½Gufjcif;

Oxfam GB tzGJU\ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&; vkyfief;tpDtpOf (zdvpfydkif)udkZ,m;-17

wGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/

Z,m; 17 Oxfam GB tzGJU\ ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcG Ja&; vkyfief;tpDtpOf (zdvpfyd kif)

pDrHcsuf

&nfrSef;csuf

yef;wdkif

OD;wnfcsufrsm;

ñTefjycsufrsm;

xGufay:&&SdrI

tusdK;^xGufay:

&v'f

oufa&mufrI

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pmrsufESm 83

obm0ab;

tEÅ&m,frsm;

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udkify#dyu©

rsm;\ &v'f

tjzpf aoqHk;

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jcif;

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rsm; 50%

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em;vnfonf/


pmrsufESm 84

rnfonfwdkUudk tuJjzwfoHk;oyfrnfenf;/

tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&onfh &nf½G,fcsufay: rlwnfí rnfonfwdkUudk tuJjzwf oHk;oyfoifh

aMumif; azmfxkwf&ygrnf/ tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&onfh OD;wnfcsufudkMunfhí t"du

tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&rnfh tydkif;udk owfrSwf&ygrnf/

tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&onfh&nf½G,fcsufrSm pDrHcsufonf OD;wnfcsufrsm;udk atmifjrifatmif

aqmif½GufEdkifjcif;½Sd-r½Sd tuJjzwf&efjzpfygu pDrHcsufvkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;udk oufa&mufrI

ñTefjycsufrsm; toHk;jyKí wdkif;wmygrnf/ ]rlvyuwdtajctae}udk pDrHcsuf taumif

txnfazmf aqmif½GufNyD; tajctaeESifh EdIif;,SOfvsuf aumufcsufrsm; csrSwfygrnf/

tu,fí &nf½G,fcsufrSm pDrHcsuf odkUr[kwf vkyfief; tpDtpOfonf &yf½GmtajcjyK

ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&; rlabmifESifhtnD taumiftxnfazmfjcif; ½Sd-r½Sd od½SdEkdif&ef

jzpfygu tuJjzwfoHk;oyf&mwGif tm½Hkpl;pdkufrI uGmjcm;ygrnf/ tjcm;ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh

ñTefjycsufrsm; vdktyfygrnf/

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tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;

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tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm;

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oHk;oyfjcif;rsm;


pmrsufESm 85

aemufqufwGJ - 4

jrefrmEdkifiHtwGufab;&efrsm;azmfjycsuf

1

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rkefwdkif;wkdufcwfjcif;? rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif;? qlemrDa&vdIif;? ajrNydKjcif;? a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;ESifh

rdk;acgifa&½Sm;jcif; tygt0if ab;tEÅ&m,ftrsdK;rsdK; usa&mufvG,fonfh taetxm;

wGif ½Sdygonf/ ivsifvIyfjcif;

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ivsifvIyfjcif; jzpfyGm;&onfh t"dutaMumif;&if; 2&yf ½Sdygonf/ • jrefrmEdkifiHukef;ajrcsyf

jym;atmufodkUtdE´d,

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jcif;?ukef;ajrcsyfjym;2ck yGwfwdkuf

a½GUvsm;jcif;wdkUaMumifh jyif;tm;

1

tao;pdwfudk ADPC ESifhXmeqdkif&mtzGJYtpnf;rsm;rS yl;aygif;jyKpkaom “Hazard Profile of Myanmar”pmwrf;wGif

avhvmEdkifygonf/

yH k 15 jrefrmEdkifiH ivsifa'orsm; ajryHk


pmrsufESm 86

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rI tv,ftvwf½Sdaom ivsifrsm; trsm;tjym; vIyfygonf/ ppfudkif;jywfa½GUaMumif;

jzwfoef;oGm;onfh tv,fydkif;ajredrfha'owpfavQmufwGif 20 &mpktwGif; xif½Sm;aom

ivsifBuD;rsm; 18Budrfxufrenf; vIyfcJhygonf/ ivsifvIyfaponfh BuD;rm;aom tjcm;

jywfa½GUaMumif;wpfckrSm ½Srf;ukef;ajrjrifhtaemufydkif;½Sd uDvdkrDwm 500 cefU ½Snfvsm;

aom ausmufusef;jywfa½GUaMumif; jzpfygonf/

ajrNydKjcif;

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taemuf½dk;ra'orsm;

wGif ajrNydKrI trsdK;tpm;

tm;vHk; jzpfyGm;ygonf/

Oyrm - ausmufrsm;vdrfh

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½THUrsm;aysmfuspD;qif;jcif;

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taejzifhNrdKU½Gmrsm;ysufpD;jcif;xuftajccHtaqmuftODrsm;ysufpD;jcif;om jzpfyGm;ygonf/

qlemrDa&vdIif;

jrefrmEdkifiH\ urf;½dk;wef;udk taemufbufwGif &ckdifurf;½dk;wef;a'o? tv,fydkif;wGif

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ydkif;jcm;Ekdifygonf/ &cdkifurf;½dk;wef;rSm a&wdrfaom yifv,ftydkif;jzpfNyD; uRef;pkrsm;

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{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'orSm {&m0wDjrpf0wGif jzpfwnfvsuf½Sdygonf/ tenfusrI?

ESpfpOfjrpf0uRef;ay:us,fjyefUvmrIjrifhrm;vmjcif;aMumifhrkwåryifv,ftwGif;awmifbuf

uDvdkrDwm 50 txd a&wdrfydkif;wGif oJwef;rsm; jzpfyGm;ygonf/ weoFm&Durf;½dk;wef;

a'orSmajrmufrSawmifodkUwef;wef;rwfrwfeD;yg; wnf½Sdaeygonf/weoFm&Durf;½dk;wef;


pmrsufESm 87

awmifydkif; a'owGif NrdwfuRef;pk ½Sdygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif qlemrDa&vdIif; \ a&yg0ifrI

yrmPESifh a&vTrf;rdk;rI twdkif;twmrSm tdE´d,ork'´&mywfvnf½Sd EdkifiHrsm;ESifh EdIif;pm

ygu edrfhusNyD; xdcdkufaoqHk;rIESifh tysuftpD;yrmPvnf; avsmhenf;ygonf/

taMumif;rSm jrefrmurf;½dk;wef;wpfavQmufwGif qlemrDa&vdIif; tjrifh avsmhenf;jcif;

aMumifhjzpfygonf/ {&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay: urf;vGefyifv,fjyifwGif jrpf0uRef;ay:aMumifh

jzpfaom a&wdrfydkif;rsm;ü qlemrDvdIif;\ pGrf;tifpka0;rdjcif;aMumifh a&vdIif;tjrifh

tenf;i,f ydkrdkygonf/ weoFm&Durf;½dk;wef;wGif qlemrDa&vdIif; ao;i,f&onfh tjcm;

taMumif;wpf&yfrSm ajrmufrSawmifodkU qefUwef;wnf½Sdaeaom NrdwfuRef;pku

tumtuG,fay;xm;jcif;aMumifh jzpfygonf/

rD;avmifjcif;

rD;avmifjcif;rSm ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;teuf 70%½SdNyD; rMumcP tjzpfyGm;qHk;

ab;&efjzpfygonf/

2

rD;avmifrIta&twGuf avsmhenf;usqif;vsuf½Sdaomfvnf;

rD;avmifrIaMumifh qHk;½HI;rIyrmPrSm wdk;wufjrifhrm;aeonfudk awGU&ygonf/ rD;avmifrI

trsm;qHk; jzpfyGm;onfh e,fajra'orsm;rSm &efukef? rEÅav;? {&m0wD? ppfudkif;ESifh

yJcl;wdkif;wdkU jzpfygonf/ ,if;wdkif;rsm;wGif jzpfyGm;aom rD;avmifrIrsm;rSm wpfEdkifiHvHk;

wGif jzpfyGm;aom rD;avmifrI pkpkaygif;\ 63%½SdNyD; aiGaMu;qHk;½HI;rIpkpkaygif;\ 38%cefU

½Sdygonf/ rD;avmifrIjzpfyGm;&onfh t"dutaMumif;rsm;rSm rD;zdkacsmifrS avmifuRrf;jcif;

ESifhayghqrIaMumifhavmifuRrf;jcif;wdkUjzpfNyD;rD;avmifrItm;vHk;\83%txd,if;taMumif;

rsm;aMumifh jzpfyGm;ygonf/ rD;trsm;qHk;avmifuRrf;onfh&moD rSm Zefe0g&DvrS arv

txd jzpfygonf/ ESpfpOf ysrf;rQ rD;avmifrI 900 cefU½SdNyD; ydkifqkdif ypönf; tdk;tdrfqHk;½HI;rI

usyf 1 bDvD,H odkUr[kwf tar&duefa':vm 0.91 oef;zdk;cefU ½Sdygonf/

2

em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefyl;wGJtuJjzwfrI (Post Nargis Joint-Assessment)


pmrsufESm 88

yH k 16 jrefrmEdkifiHrD;ab;tEÅ&m,fjyajryHk

yljyif;ajcmufaoGYjcif;^rdk;acgifjcif;

jrefrmEdkifiH\ rdk;enf;a&½Sm;&yf0ef;wGif EdkifiHtv,fydkif;ü wnf½Sdaom rauG;? rEÅav;ESifh

ppfudkif;wdkif; atmufydkif;a'orsm; yg0ifygonf/ EkdifiH\ pkpkaygif; e,fajr{&d,m 10%

cefU ½Sdygonf/ Zkefe,fajr owfrSwfaom pHEIef;ay:rlwnfí rdk;enf;a&½Sm;&yf0ef;rS

wpfydkif;rdk;enf;a&½Sm;&yf0ef;rsm;[k owfrSwfygonf/ rdk;uG,fa'owGif wnf½Sdjcif;aMumifh

wpfESpfysrf;rQ rdk;½GmoGef;rIrSm 1000 rDvDrDwm atmufwGif ½Sdygonf/ tylydkif;pdrf;vef;

pdkjynfa&;OD;pD;Xme tqdkt& tylydkif;a'owGif wdkif; 3wdkif;twGif;rS c½dkif 13c½dkif?


pmrsufESm 89

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obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;aMumifhpdkufysdK;a&;xkwfvkyfrItajccHrwnfrNidrf

jzpfapygonf/

a&vTrf;rd k;jcif;rsm;

jrefrmEkdifiHwGifjzpfyGm;onfh t"duab;&efrsm;wGif a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;vnf; tNrJwap yg0ifcJh

ygonf/ ab;tEÅ&m,ftm;vHk;\ 11%½SdNyD; rD;avmifrINyD;vQif 'kwd,trsm;qHk; jzpfyg

onf/ 1910 ckESpfrS 2000 ckESpftxd BuD;rm;aom a&vTrf;rdk;rI 12Budrf jzpfyGm;cJhygonf/

a&vTrf;rdk;rIaMumifh touftdk;tdrfydkifqkdifypönf;qHk;½HI;rI? ta&;ygaom tajccHtaqmuf

tODysufpD;rI? pD;yGm;a&;qHk;½HI;rIESifh usef;rma&;qkdif&m jyóemrsm;? Oyrm- a&wGif;a&uef

rsm;ESifh qnfwrHrsm; npfnrf;rI jzpfyGm;NyD; a&rSwpfqifh a&m*gul;pufjcif;rsm; jzpfyGm;

ygonf/

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rdk;&moDwGif ½GmoGef;jcif; jzpfygonf/ ,if;umvwGif a&vTrf;rdk;rIESifh ajrNydKrIrsm;

trsm;tjym; jzpfyGm;avh½Sdygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ESpfpOf a&vTrf;rdk;rI tEÅ&m,f jzpfyGm;

onfhtcsdefumv 3 csdef ½Sdygonf/ ZGefv? Mo*kwfvESifh pufwifbmvaESmif;ydkif;rS

atmufwdkbmvtwGif; jzpfygonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rnfh tEÅ&m,ftrsm;qHk;rSm rkwfokefrdk;

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jrefrmEkdifiHonf b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf

wpfavQmuf ½Snfvsm;aom urf;½dk;wef;a'o

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ESpfaygif; 40 twGif;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHodkU

qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;BuD;rsm;0ifa&mufwdkufcwf

rI 5Budrf ½SdcJhygonf/ 1968ckESpf ppfawG


pmrsufESm 90

qdkifuvkef;? 1975 ckESpf ykodrfqdkifuvkef;? 1982 ckESpf *G qdkifuvkef;? 1994 ckESpf

armifawmqdkifuvkef;? 2006 ckESpf rmvmqdkifuvkef;? 2007 ckESpf tmuwf½Sf

qdkifuvkef;ESifh 2008 ckESpf em*pfqdkifuvkef;wdkU jzpfygonf/ ppfawGqdkifuvkef;aMumifh

aoqHk;ol 1037 OD;ESifh ykodrfqdkifuvkef; aMumifh aoqHk;ol 304 OD; ½SdcJhNyD; em*pfaMumifh

aoqHk;ol 138,373 OD;? xdcdkufol 2.4oef;? ypönf;Opömtdk;tdrfqHk;½HI;rI tar&duef

a':vm 4.1 bDvD,Hzdk; cefU ½SdcJhygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif vltrsm; rSwfrdod½Sdaom

rkefwdkif;rsm;teuf xdcdkufysufpD;rI trsm;jym;qHk;jzpfygonf/

rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif;

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif urf;½dk;wef;a'o ½Snfvsm;NyD; ajredrfha'orsm;wGif vlaexlxyfjcif;

aMumifh txl;ojzifh yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif jrifhwufvmygu tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,fyg

onf/ yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif tenf;i,frQ jrifhwuf½HkrQjzifh a&wdkufpm;rIrsm; BuD;rm;

us,fjyefUpGm jzpfyGm;ygonf/ IPCC tpD&ifcHpmt& yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif 1 pifwDrDwm

jrifhwufvQif urf;ajca'o 1rDwm ysufpD;rnf[k azmfjyxm;ygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH\

{&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay: ajredrfha'orsm;rSm 'Da&0ifa&mufaom a&vrf;aMumif; trsm;

tjym; ysHUESHUvsuf½SdNyD; taemufawmifa'orS wdkufcwfvmaom rkefwdkif;rsm;ESifh rkwfokef

avrsm;udk obm0tm;jzifh tumtuG,fray;Ekdifonfudk awGU&ygonf/ yifv,fa&

rsufESmjyifjrifhwufjcif;? qdkifuvkef;rkefwkdif;rsm; ydkrdkí jyif;xefjcif;? obm0ywf0ef;usif

a*[pepf ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;wdkUonf tjyeftvSefaygif;pyf tm;jznfhvsuf yifv,fjyif

zufrS jzpfay:vmaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrIudk ydkrdkqdk;0g;apygonf/

em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wdkufcwfpOf tawmtwGif;wGif aoqHk;olrsm;\ 90%rSm

rkefwdkif;'Da&vIdif;\ wdkuf½dkuftusdK;quftjzpf aoqHk;&jcif; jzpfonf/

awmrD;avmifjcif;

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif awmrD;avmifjcif;rSm omreftm;jzifh ajrrsufESmjyifay:wGifom

avmifuRrf;ygonf/ 'DZifbmvrS tpjyKí arvtxd ajcmufaoGU&moDtwGif; awmrD;

trsm;qHk; avmifygonf/ wkdif;ESifhjynfe,ftm;vHk;wGif ae&muGufMum; jzpfyGm;wwf

ygonf/ odkU&mwGif yJcl;? csif;? u,m;? ucsif? rEÅav;? &cdkifESifh ½Srf;ukef;ajrjrifh

a'orsm;wGif ydkrdkí jzpfyGm;wwfygonf/ awmrD;rsm;aMumifh jrLxlrIjyóemjzpfyGm;vmNyD;

tusdK;quftjzpf &yf½Gmrsm; xdckdufygonf/


pmrsufESm 91

aemufqufwGJ 5

t"dyÜg,fazmfjycsufrsm;ESif h toHk;tEIef;rsm;

Disaster ab;tEÅ&m,f

vlUtzGJUtpnf;\ yHkrSefvnfywfaqmif½GufrI jyif;xefpGm ysufjym;NyD; vlom;? ½kyf0w¬K?

obm0ywf0ef;usif qHk;½HI;rIrsm; us,fjyefUpGm jzpfyGm;jcif;udk qdkygonf/ xdcdkufaom

&yf½Gmrsm;\ udk,fydkift&if;tjrpfrsm;udk toHk;jyKí ajz½Sif; aqmif½GufEdkifonfh

pGrf;&nfxufausmfvGefaom qHk;½HI;jcif;rsm; jzpfaponf/ ab;&efrsm;\ qdk;usdK;

oufa&mufrIrsm;udk pDrHcefUcGJrI aumif;pGm rjyKvkyfEdkifaomtcgwGif ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;

jzpfyGm;ygonf/

Hazard ab;&ef (usa&mufEdkifaomab;tEÅ&m,f)

tajccHtaqmuftODESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm;? vlrsm;? ydkifqdkifypönf; tdk;tdrfESifh

obm0ywf0ef;usifwdkUudk jywfawmufap jcif;? odkUr[kwf xdckdufjcif;rsm; jzpfapEkdifonfh

tvm;tvm½Sdaom rnfonfh jzpfpOfjzpf&yf? j'yfypönf; odkUr[kwf tajctaeudkrqdk

&nfñTef;ygonf/

Capacities pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;

vltrsm;ydkifqkdifxm;aom? zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufatmif aqmif½GufEdkifaom? EdI;aqmfEdkifaom?

&,ltoHk;jyKEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm; jzpfygonf/ ¤if; t&if;tjrpf

rsm;ESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;aMumifh rdrdwdkU\ tem*wfudk yHkazmf&efESifh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk

&ifqdkifajz½Sif;&ef ydkrdkí xdef;csKyfrI ½Sdvmygonf/

Vulnerability tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frI?ckcHEdkifpGrf;enf;yg;rI

&yf½Gmonf ab;&efaMumifh xdcdkufrItwGuf BudKwifjyifqif&efESifh &ifqdkifajz½Sif;&ef

pGrf;aqmif&nf avsmhenf; usqif;apaom pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? ½kyfydkif; odkUr[kwf

yx0D0ifoabmobm0½Sdonfh taMumif;tcsuf odkUr[kwf uefUowfcsufrsm;udk

qdkvdkygonf/ Risk xdcdkufqHk;&IH;Edkifajc

ab;&efrsm;onf tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom e,fy,fa'orsm;? vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;?

ydkifqkdifypönf; tdk;tdrfrsm;? obm0 ywf0ef;usifwdkUESifh tjyeftvSef aygif;qHkrdaomtcg

qdk;usdK;rsm;jzpfay:vmEdkifajcudk qdkvdkygonf/


pmrsufESm 92

Risk Reduction Measures ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;tpDtrHrsm;

,if;wdkUrSm &yf½Gmrsm;u ¤if;wdkU &ifqkdifae&aom tEÅ&m,frsm;udk tuJjzwfí

qef;ppfavhvmNyD;aemuf azmfxkwf&½Sdaom vkyfief;rsm;? pDrHcsufrsm;?

vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm; toD;oD;udk qdkvdkygonf/ ,if;tpDtrHrsm;rSm &yf½GmtwGif;wGif

jzpfyGm;aom vuf½SdESifh tem*wf tEÅ&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;ap&ef oD;jcm;

&nf½G,fygonf/

Community &yf½Gm [laom a0g[m&rSm t"dyÜg,foufa&mufrItm;jzifh us,fjyefUNyD;

atmufygwdkU yg0ifygonf/ &yf½GmtajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI (CBDRM) aqmif½Guf&mwGif &yf½Gmudk taMumif;

tcsuf wpfck odkUr[kwf wpfckxufydkrdkí wlnDrI½Sdaomtkyfpkwpfpktjzpf ,lqEkdif

ygonf/Oyrm- ywf0ef;usifwpfckwnf;wGif aexdkifol? ab;tEÅ&m,fxdawGUrI odkUr[kwf

ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufrIwlnDol ponfjzifh ,lqEkdifygonf/

ab;tEÅ&m,fESifhpyfvsOf;í wlnDaom jyóemrsm;? pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;ESifh arQmfvifhcsufrsm;

½Sdolrsm;vnf;jzpfEkdifygonf/ odkU&mwGif &yf½GmwGifaexkdifolrsm;rSm rwlnDaom tEÅ&m,f

usa&mufvG,frIrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmifEkdifrIrsm; ½Sdygonf/ Oyrm-trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;

rsm;jzpfygonf/ tcsdKUrSm ydkrdkí tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,fNyD; tcsdKUrSm ydkrdkí pGrf;aqmif&nf

½Sdygrnf/ CBDRM aqmif½Guf&mwGif

&yf½Gmudkywf0ef;usifwpfckwnf;

wGif aexdkifNyD; ab;tEÅ&m,f

xdawGUrItvm;wlol ponfjzifh

taMumif;tcsuf wpfck odkU

r[kwfwpfckxufydkíwlnDaom

tkyfpk[k ,lqEkdifygonf/

Project pDrHcsuf

BudKwifí owfrSwfxm;aom OD;wnfcsuf odkUr[kwf &nf½G,fcsufESifh tvdk½Sdaom

zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif (oufa&mufrI^xda&mufrI) atmifjrif&eftwGuf

vkyfief;rsm;aqmif½Guf&efESifh xGufay:&v'f odkUr[kwf &v'frsm; azmfxkwf&ef owfrSwf


pmrsufESm 93

xm;aom tcsdefumv tawmtwGif;wGif oGif;tm;pk (aiGom;? vkyftm;? enf;ynm?

enf;vrf;rsm;)jznfhqnf;ay;onfhpkpnf;aqmif½Gufaom vlrIa&;vkyfief;pOfudk qdkvdkonf/

Project Planning pDrHcsuftpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;

pDrHcsufudk tcsdefrD taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESifh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk wGifus,fpGm

toHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh pDrHcsuf OD;wnfcsufrsm; atmifjrifap&ef vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk

a½SUaemuf pDpOfaqmif½Gufjcif;jzpfonf/ pDrHcsuf tpDtpOf a&;qGJ&mwGif aqmif½Gufrnfh

vkyfief;rsm;? atmifjrifrI pHEIef;rsm;udk owfrSwfjcif;? wm0efcGJa0ay;tyfjcif;? vkyfief;

rsm;tay: tajccHí tcsdefZ,m;a&;qGJjcif;ESifh t&if;tjrpf cGJa0owfrSwfay;jcif;?

tcsdefumv owfrSwfay;jcif;rsm; yg0ifygonf/

PRA/PLA yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomaus;vuftuJjzwfcsuf^yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomoif,lrI

ESifhvkyfaqmifrI

yg0ifaqmif½Gufaomaus;vuftuJjzwfcsuf(PRA) qdkonfrSm vltrsm;tm; ¤if;wkdU

udk,fwdkif tuJjzwfcsuf? qef;ppfavhvmcsufESifh tpDtpOfa&;qGJrIrsm; jyKvkyfEkdifap&ef?

¤if;wdkUudk,fwdkifvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifEkdifap&efESifh tajcjyyHk? ajryHkuJhodkUaom ¤if;wdkU

udk,fydkifZ,m;rsm;? yHkrsm;a&;qGJEkdifap&ef csOf;uyfyHkrsm;? tjyKtrlrsm;ESifh enf;vrf;rsm;udk

qdkvdkygonf/ ,if;vkyfief;rsm;udk yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom oif,lrIESifhvkyfaqmifrI (PLA) [k azmfjyMuolrsm;vnf;½Sdygonf/ (Chambers, Whose Reality Counts: Putting the First

Last, 2002, p.7)

Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment (PDRA) yg0ifaqmif½Gufaom

ab;tEÅ&m,ftuJjzwfcsuf PDRA qdkonfrSm oufqdkifolrsm;tm;vHk;u rdrdwdkU\ b0aexdkifrIudk xdcdkufrnfh

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udkavsmhenf;usqif;ap&efESifh^odkUr[kwfyaysmufap&eftwGufoifhwifh

avsmufywfaom tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJNyD; ckdifrmaomvkyfief;rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf

aqmif½Guf&eftvdkUiSmab;tEÅ&m,fowif;tcsuftvufrsm;pkaqmif;í qef;ppfavhvm

aomvkyfief;pOfjzpfygonf/,if;vkyfief;pOfrSmtEÅ&m,fusa&mufaeolrsm;?tmPmydkifrsm;

ESifhtjcm;oufqkdifolrsm; yg0ifywfoufonfhaqG;aEG;rIESifhn§dEdIif;rIvkyfief;pOf jzpfygonf/

Monitoring apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;

tusdK;pD;yGm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;u vkyfief;wpf&yf taumiftxnfazmf aqmif½Gufjcif;

udk pOfqufrjywf odkUr[kwf tcsdefumvowfrSwfí yHkrSef jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh

BuD;MuyfuGyfuJjcif;jzpfygonf/ oGif;tm;pkrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;? vkyfief;aqmif½GufrI


pmrsufESm 94

tcsdefZ,m;rsm;twdkif;aqmif½Gufjcif;?OD;wnf&nf½G,fonfh xGufay:&v'frsm; tpDtpOf

twkdif; &½Sdap&ef jzpfygonf/

Evaluation tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;

pDrHcsuf\ OD;wnfcsufrsm; rnfonfhtwdkif;twmtxd atmifjrifatmif aqmif½GufEkdif

aMumif;od½Sd&eftvdkUiSm pDrHcsuf\ &v'frsm;ESifh oufa&mufrIwdkUudk tuJjzwfjcif;

jzpfygonf/ pDrHcsufudk xuf0ufrQ aqmif½GufNyD;pD;csdefwGif umvv,f tuJjzwf

oHk;oyfcsuf jyKvkyfNyD; vdktyfygu n§dEdIif;rIrsm;? tajymif;tvJrsm; jyKvkyfygonf/ pDrHcsuf

NyD;qHk;csdef tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsufudk pDrHcsuf\ taxGaxG &nf½G,fcsufatmifjrifrI ½Sdr½Sd

qHk;jzwf&ef vkyfaqmifygonf/

Disaster Risk Management ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI

tEÅ&m,frsm;udkazmfxkwfjcif;? qef;ppfavhvmjcif;? tuJjzwfjcif;? ajz½Sif;aqmif½Gufjcif;?

apmifhMunhfppfaq;jcif;? oHk;oyfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyf&eftwGuf pDrHcefUcGJrIrl0g'rsm;? vkyfxHk;

vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk pepfwus toHk;csjcif;jzpfygonf/ ab;&efrsm;?

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frI? vltrsm;ESifh toif;tzGJUrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfwdkU tygt0if

,if;tEÅ&m,frsm;udkppfaq;Munfh½Ijcif;tay:tajccHíqHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfjcif;jzpfygonf/ (ADPC, DMC-30, 2003)

Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) &yf½GmtajcjyK

ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJjcif;

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaeaom &yf½Gmrsm;onf ¤if;wdkU\ tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaerIudk

avsmhenf;usqif;aprnfh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk jr§ifhwif&eftvdkUiSm ab;tEÅ&m,f rsm;udk

azmfxkwfjcif;? qef;ppfavhvmjcif;? ajz½Sif;aqmif½Gufjcif;? apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ESifh

tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm;wGifwuf<upGm yg0ifaqmif½Gufonfh ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;

vkyfief;pOfjzpfygonf/qdkvdkonfrSmab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif qHk;jzwfcsuf

csrSwfjcif;? taumiftxnfazmfjcif;wdkUü vltrsm;rSm tcsuftcsmae&mwGif ½Sdonf[k

qdkvdkygonf/ tEÅ&m,fusa&muf tvG,fqHk; yg0ifaqmif½Guf&ef txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frI tenf;qHk; olrsm;udk yHhydk;rIay;&efvnf; vdktyfygonf/

CBDRM aqmif½Guf&mwGif e,fajrcHESifh trsdK;om;tqifh tpdk;&rsm; yg0ifaqmif½GufNyD;

yHhydk;rIay;&ygonf/ (ADPC-CBDRM-11, 2003)


pmrsufESm 95

List of the participants of the Wider Consultation Workshop on CBDRM Manuals’ held on 21st October 2009 at Yangon

Sr. No. Name Organisation E-mail

1 Thang Boi Metta Dev. Foundation [email protected]

2 K.G. Mathaikutty LWF [email protected]

3 Toshihiro Tanaka UNDP [email protected]

4 Dr. Yinn Mar Myo Aung Tdh-It [email protected]

5 Srinivas Popuri UN-HABITAT [email protected]

6 Nadve Wakeed UN-HABITAT

7 Soe Win UN-HABITAT [email protected]

8 Zaw Linn Oo Archenova [email protected]

9 Naomi Anatol French Red Cross [email protected]

10 Suriya Aslim ASEAN HTF [email protected]

11 Myint Myint San UNESCO mm.san@unesco@org

12 Tom McNelly ACF [email protected]

13 Anggiet Ariefianto ASEAN HTF [email protected]

14 Euima Deaonder CARE [email protected]

15 MMK UNDP

16 Alex UNDP

17 Dillip Kumar Bhanja UNDP [email protected]

18 Aung Kyi UNDP 19 Soe Soe Tun UNDP [email protected] 20 Lat Lat Aye ADPC [email protected]

21 Maung Maung Khin MRCS [email protected]

22 Sital Kumar Action Aid [email protected]

23 Aye Kyaing UNDP [email protected]

24 Stenly Sajow UNFPA [email protected]

25 Sudhir Kumar ADPC [email protected] 26 Than Than Myint ADPC [email protected]

27 Maung Khank ADPC [email protected]


pmrsufESm 96

udk;um;pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;

1/ Partnerships for Disaster Reduction South East Asia (PDRSEA), Community Based Disaster Risk Management, Field Practitioners’ Handbook.

2/ ActionAid, ADPC, Mingalar Myanmar, MRCS, Save the Children, UNDP, Proceeding of Community Based Disaster Risk Management Institutionalisastion.

3/ UNDP, Technical Workshop on Community-based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM).

4/ ADPC, Community-Based Disaster Risk Management for Local Authorities, Participant’s Workbook.

5/ ADPC, Community-Based Disaster Risk Management, Critical Guidelines. 6/ vlxktajcjyKab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrIoifwef; (OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;olrsm;)? vufpGJ

pmtkyf? jrefrmEdkifiHMuufajceDtoif; (ab;'ku©pDrHcefUcGJa&;Xme) 7/ Manual for Community based Flood Management, Bangladesh, Asia Pacific

Journal on Environment and Development. 8/ UNDP, India, Good Practices in Community based Disaster Risk Management. 9/ ActionAid, Reducing Disaster Risks: Community based Analysis, Planning and

Action. 10/ ActionAid, a Community Led Emergency Response. 11/ Save the Children, Myanmar, Helping your children to become a normal

stage/condition. 12/ World Vision, Myanmar, Disaster Risk Reduction Program, Community-Based

Disaster Risk Reduction