ACYLATION
L.O.: What is an acylation reaction?
What is the nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism fro acylation reactions?
R CO
The acyl group:
Acylation is the process by which the acyl group is introduced into another molecule.
Think of examples of types of compounds containing the acyl group.
R CO
Z
ester
+R C
O
O R'H O R'+R C
O
X HX X = Cl or O C
O
R'
amide
+R C
O
N R'
H
H N R'
H
+ 2 NH3R'+ X- X = Cl or O C
O
R'R C
O
Cl
water + propanoyl chloride
ammonia + ethanoyl chloride
propan-2-ol + ethanoyl chloride
ethylamine + propanoic anhydride
propylamine + butanoyl chloride
propan-1-ol + ethanoic anhydride
water + butanoic anhydride
ammonia + propanoic anhydride
Addition-elimination mechanism
- H+- Cl-
_
+R C O
Cl
O
R'
H
R C
O
Cl
H O R'
R C O
O
R'
H
+R C O
O
R'
Addition-elimination mechanism
- H+- Cl-
_
+R C N
Cl
O
R'
H
H
R C
O
Cl
H N R'
H
R C N
O
R'
H
H
+R C N
O
R'
H
Name and outline the mechanism for the reaction between propanoyl chloride and methylamine.
Advantages of using ethanoic anhydride over ethanoyl chloride as an acylating agent:
CheaperLess corrosiveIt does not react with water as readilySafer. By-product is ethanoic acid rather than
HCl.
ASPIRIN
+
O
CCH3 O C
O
CH3 O CH3C
O
COOH
OH
COOH
O
CCH3 O H+
2-hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid aspirin
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