Mix together the following ingredients: 1/2 teaspoon of citric acid crystals ACID 1 teaspoon of icing sugar 1/2 teaspoon of drink crystals 1/4 teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda (baking
soda) BASE
Stir everything together and then have a taste of your delicious sherbet! How c an you tell that there’s a chemical reaction happening on your tongue?
Reactant + Reactant ____________
Magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium oxide
Complete Sci pad page 27Chemical Equation Recap
Acid + Base __________________________
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide
sodium chloride + water
Test to see if reaction is complete by using indicator – solution should turn
_______________
Acids are compounds, which have ___________ in them.
Acids turn litmus paper _______________
Acids are between pH 0 and pH ___________
Five examples of acids are:◦ vinegar, acetic acid
◦ lemons, citric acid
◦ hydrochloric acid
◦ grapes, tartaric acid
◦ fizzy, carbonic acid
Acids are said to be corrosive , that means . . .
Acids also taste . . .
Alkalis are also known as ____________
Bases are the opposite to acids in ____________.
Bases range in pH from pH 8 to pH ___________
Bases contain OH ions, ____________________
Bases can neutralize acids, they removes the acidity of a chemical and give it a high pH.
Bases turn litmus paper ________________
Ammonia solution is a common alkali and is found in household cleaning chemicals such as ?
Strong alkalis can also burn you like acids do.
Common Name Formula
Hydrochloric Acid
Sulphuric Acid
Nitric Acid
Acetic Acid
Ammonium
Sodium Hydroxide
Nitrate Ion
Sulphate Ion
Chloride Ion
Carbonate ion
Carbon dioxide
Water
Sodium chloride
Magnesium Sulphate
Copper Carbonate
Silver Nitrate
Substance Acid (Red) Alkali (blue) Neutral (green)
Toothpaste
Mr Muscle
Tea
Sun block
Vinegar
Jiff
Baking soda
Lemon juice
Lemonade
Egg
Sulphuric acid
SodiumHydroxide
Complete Sci pad pages 28-29 What is an Acid, What is a base
Complete Worksheets
Name two household substances which are ◦ Bases◦ Acids
What element do all acids contain?
What element do all bases contain?
List two acids and write their formula
List two bases and write their formula
Acids and alkalis can both be corrosive and often look alike.
How can we tell them apart?
And just how acidic is acidic?
We use a _______________to tell us how acidic, basic or neutral a substance is.
Acids have a pH range from ___________
Alkalis or bases have a pH range from _________
Neutral substances have a pH of 7
Strong acids contain more free ______________
Strong bases contain more free _______________
Most naturally occurring substances are weak eg. Citric acid in citrus fruit
We use indicators and a pH scale to tell us how acidic, neutral or basic (alkali) a substance is.
Red indicates the substance is _______.
Blue indicates the substance is ________.
Green indicates the substance is _________.
Indicator Acid Base NeutralUniversal Indicator
Red litmus paper
Blue litmus paper
Methyl Orange
Phenolphalein
Tea
Red cabbage water
Onion water
Hydrangea flowers
Bromothymol blue
Beetroot
What colour do acids turn indicators?
What colour do bases turn indicators?
What colour do neutral substances turn indicators?
Swimming pools◦ Ideal pH is 7.6◦ If pool is pH 9 what do you need to add to make it 7.6
again, acid or base?
What is the difference between a strong and weak base?
When we add base to an acid, a ____________ takes place.
The acid and base are ____________in the reaction.
We say they are ______________They make a salt and water.
When a substance has been neutralised or is neutral it has a pH of around __________.
Acid + Base _____________________________
Aim: To _______________ an acid using a base.
Method:
Step 1: Add four drops of sodium hydroxide to a test tube.
Step 2: Add one drop of universal indicator to the test tube and shake.
Step 3: Stop when the solution is green, if the solution turns red or orange add a very small drop of NaOHuntil the liquid turns green.
Iron hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Zinc hydroxide
Copperhydroxide
Lead
hydroxide
HydrochloricAcid + water + water + water + water + water
SulphuricAcid
+ water + water+ water
+ water + water
NitricAcid
+ water + water + water + water + water
Salts are named after the acids from which they are formed.• Hydrochloric acid forms chloride salts• Sulphuric acid forms sulphate salts• Nitric acid forms nitrate salts
Fire extinguishers – powdered limestone and hydrochloric acid ◦ acid + _____________ carbon dioxide (which puts out fire)
Metal oxide coatings can be _____________ using acids ◦ metal oxide + acid salt + ______________ (coating broken
down and washes away)
pH of soils – certain plants will grow better at different pH ◦ Add lime to increase pH (more ____________________)
◦ Add sulphate salt to decrease pH (more ________________)
Toothpaste –◦ we clean our teeth because the bacteria that feed
on the sugar left from eating, releasing ____________.
◦ The acid reacts with our teeth (carbonate)
◦ Acid + Carbonate salt + ______________________
◦ This dissolves our teeth
◦ We brush our teeth to remove the food that the ________________ are feeding on, reducing the amount of _____________they produce
_____________released as smog reacts with water in the air to form carbonic acid
_____________is also in air pollution, it reacts with water to form sulphuric acid
The acid reacts with statues and buildings made of ___________________
Acid + Carbonate salt + ___________________________
The acid can also change the pH of soils and lakes
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