Acids and BasesAcids and Bases
What are some common acids?
Vinegar (acetic acid) Carbonated drinks (carbonic and phosphoric acid)
Citrus fruits (citric acid) Car battery (sulfuric acid)
What are some common bases?
Milk of magnesia (an antacid containing magnesium hydroxide)
Many cleaning products Ammonia, NH3 (Windex) Sodium hydroxide, NaOH (soap) Sodium hypochlorite, NaClO (bleach)
What properties do acids have?
Acids tend to be: Tart or sour tasting Electrolytes (in solution) React to certain metals to
produce hydrogen gas They can cause chemical
dyes (called indicators) to change colors
What properties do bases have?
Bases tend to be: Bitter tasting Slippery feeling when touched
Able to neutralize an acid Also electrolytes (in solution)
Some Acid and BasesSome Acid and Bases
Some Acid and BasesSome Acid and Bases
Some Acid and BasesSome Acid and Bases
What is an acid?
An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
The formula would be HaX, where X is any monatomic or polyatomic anion and a is the anion’s charge.
Naming an AcidWhen the name of the anion
(X) ends in –ide, the name begins with hydro-, then the stem of the anion, then the name ends with –ic
acid instead of -ide.
ex) HCl is hydrochloric acid
Naming an Acid
When the name of the ion ends in –ate,
then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ic acid instead of-ate.
H2SO4 is sulfuric acid
Naming an Acid
When the name of the ion ends in –ite,
then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ous acid instead of –ite.
H2SO3 is sulfurous acid
Naming an Acid
Negative ion: Acid Name:_____ ide hydro___ic acid_____ ate _____ic acid
_____ ite _____ous acid
ex) H3P , H3PO4 , H3PO3
Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
h yd ro - p re fix-ic en d in g
2 e lem en ts
-a te en d in gb ecom es-ic en d in g
-ite en d in gb ecom es
-o u s en d in g
n o h yd ro - p re fix
3 e lem en ts
ACIDSs ta rt w ith 'H '
What is a base? A base is a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when in solution.
Bases are named the same way that an ionic compound would be named.
NaOH is Sodium Hydroxide
Name the following acids and bases:
HClO3
H3PO4
HF HNO3
KOH Ba(OH)2
H3PO3
chloric acid phosphoric acid hydrofluoric acid nitric acid potassium hydroxide
barium hydroxide
phosphorous acid
Write the formula for the following:
hydroiodic acid calcium hydroxide nitrous acid ammonium hydroxide
nitric acid hydrobromic acid phosphoric acid
HI Ca(OH)2
HNO2
NH4OH HNO3
HBr H3PO4
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