ACE: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY REVIEWDr. Heather Henrichs
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE CONCEPTSChapter 4 Huether Pathophysiology Text
Pages 98-117
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WATER MOVEMENT BETWEEN PLASMA & INTERSTITIAL FLUID:NET FILTRATION
Forces favoring filtration Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)
Water-pushing Interstitial oncotic pressure
Water-pulling
Forces favoring reabsorption (oppose filtration) Capillary oncotic pressure
Water-pulling Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Water-pushing
WATER BALANCE
Regulated by ADH secretion Increased secretion:
Plasma osmolality increases Blood volume decreases
Thirst perception Located in hypothalamus Osmolality receptors
Signal posterior pituitary
Baroreceptors
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ELECTROLYTES
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca+)
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ACID BASE CONCEPTS
Chapter 4 Huether Pathophysiology Text
Pages 98-117
PH• If the HIf the H++ ions are high in number: ions are high in number:
– pH is lowpH is low– AcidicAcidic
• If the HIf the H++ ions are low in number:ions are low in number:– pH is high pH is high – AlkalineAlkaline
• pH ScalepH Scale– Range from 0-14Range from 0-14
• 0= Acidic0= Acidic• 14= Alkaline14= Alkaline• Normal body range= 7.35-7.45Normal body range= 7.35-7.45
PH
• Acids are formed as end products of protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism
• To maintain the body’s normal pH (7.35-7.45) the H+ must be neutralized or excreted
• Major organs involved in the regulation of acid and base balance:– Bones– Lungs– Kidneys
CARBONIC ACID–BICARBONATE PAIR H+ + HCO3
- H2CO3 CO2 + H2O Lungs (Respiratory) regulate release CO2
Kidneys (Metabolic) regulate release HCO3-
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