Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
• Biotic factor: living, or once living, factor in an ecosystem
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
• Abiotic factor: physical, or non living, factor in an ecosystem– Abiotic factors were
NEVER living
Characteristics of Living Things
• Universal genetic code (DNA)
• Made up of cells
How do we know something is alive?
• Reproduction
• Growth and development
How do we know something is alive?
• Response to environment
• Energy
How do we know something is alive?
• Maintain stable internal environment (homeostasis)
• Adaptation and Evolution
How do we know something is alive?
Is it ALIVE?!• Chalk• Fire• Earthworm• Apple seed• Pine tree• Mildew• Sand• Potato• Rose bush• Ocean
• Corn• Mouse• Dirt• Virus• Mushroom• Frog• Snake• Milk• Blood• Chair
As a pair, tell me whether each object above is alive or not alive. Explain your reasoning for each using what you just learned about living vs. non-living things.
Classification of Living Things
How are organisms classified?• Similarities in:– Habitat– Adaptations– DNA sequences and number of genes– Evolutionary relationships
• Homologous structures• Similarities in embryology
Cladograms
• Shows evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms
• Derived characters: characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in older members
Hierarchy of Classification
KingdomPhylum
ClassOrderFamilyGenus Species
Kingdoms
Five Kingdoms• Monera• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia
Six Kingdoms• Eubacteria• Archaebacteria• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia
Animals
• Multicellular• Heterotrophic• No cell walls
Types of Heterotrophs
• Heterotroph: cannot make it’s own food– Must eat to obtain energy
• Herbivore• Carnivore• Omnivore• Parasite• filter feeder• Detritus feeder (Detrivore)
Animal Phyla• Porifera• Cnidaria• Ctenophora • Platyhelminthes• Annelids (Annelida)• Nematoda• Echinoderm
(Echinodermata)• Arthropods (arthropoda)• Mollusks (molussca)• Chordates (chordata)
Characteristics of all Chordates
• Have 4 common characteristics for at least one stage of life– Dorsal, hollow nerve cord– Notochord (support structure below the nerve
cord)– Pharyngeal pouches– Tail that extends beyond the anus
• Most chordates are vertebrates
Types of Vertebrates
• Myxini - hagfishes • Cephalaspidomorpha - lampreys• Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous fishes • Osteichthyes - bony fishes • Amphibia - frogs, toads, salamanders• Reptilia - turtles, snakes, lizards• Aves - birds • Mammalia - mammals
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