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is a way of life , a sub culture with a state of norms & values with the characteristics attributes
of apathy & social isolation.
D efinition of Slum:-
According to a report of United Nation the urban land policy explains that a slum is , a building
group of building or area characterized by overcrowding , deterioration in sanitary conditions or
absence of facilities or amenities which because of these conditions or any of them endanger
the health, safety or morals of its inhabitants or the community .
According to Bergel who is a famous urban sociologist, conceives slums as area of substandard
housing condition with a city.
In order to make our clarification regarding slum more in-depth, we should know about the
various important characteristics of slum dwellers:-
A.Low Economic status:-
Generally a slum is inhabited by people of the lowest income group & although there may be
occasional buildings of equally run down appearance inhabited by families that are not so poor
, in general however , the slum is a poverty ridden area.
B. Bad appearance:-
This may be called as an universal work of the slum in its aspect of neglect & disorder with
respect to buildings yards & streets, bad appearance is an inherent virtue of a slum.
C. Overcrowding :-
The space may be over crowded with building or the building may be over crowded with people
or both. If the slum is retreating may of the building may be over crowding in the buildings still
occupied the uninhabited space may then be occupied by such unwelcome occupants.
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D . Over population:-
In a sum of heterogeneous who are generally not welcome in other residential areas, or those
who can not afford to live elsewhere ,thus it may be a refuge for the aged, the chronically sick,
the homeless & the socially maladjusted, but such odds & ends may not be welcome even in
some slums where a sense of community exists if the slum population is racial or cultural it may
have a degree of social organization.
E. Bad health & sanitation:-
For understandable reasons when compared with other areas of residence the slum is
characterized by low standards of sanitation, for mixed reasons, it may also be an area of high
sickness & death rates.
F. Loose morals:-
The slum may be an area of delinquency, crime & vice but this is more likely to be true of the
socially disorganized slum. While such a slum may not be the habitat of successful criminals, it
may of the habit or the hiding place of fugitive criminals, may vices may be funned in the slum
but are by no means confirmed to the shin.
G .Social isolation:-
While many residential areas within the modern city tends to be socially isolated from others
,partly by choice & partly by location, he slum is especially so their chief link with the rest of the
community is their identification with labour market ,but there may be an additional link
through politics slum dwellers function equally with others as citizen & as they are able to
identify themselves with political group.
H. High mobility:-
The slum is usually an area of high residential mobility but a family occupied slum may have a
low rate of residential mobility . The high mobility of slum inhabitants is more true of American
cities then European cities ,perhaps the most mobile is the slum occupied mainly by homeless
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,especially itinents workers .In Indian slums however the rate of mobility differs from one slum
to the other.
Creation & development of slum:-
Slums are created mainly because of poverty ,social backwardness & unemployment of the people living
in the country side. Due to drought or other un favorable conditions in these areas having no work to
earn their livelihood ,find themselves in a difficult condition to maintain themselves & naturally drift
towards the urban area with the main objective of eking out their livelihood the amenities available &
job opportunities attract them towards Big Towns & Cites & naturally there is an intensive in flow of
poor & labour class people to these cities & towns & cities provides more scope for employment
opportunities & thus attract a large number of poor people from surrounding areas.
2.Review of Literature:-
Review of literature in education reseacch provides means of getting into the frontiers in a
particular field of knowledge. It involves locating ,realizing & evaluation reports of research as
well as reports at one s gathers during the cause of the investigation .
y Preventing Anti-social Behavior , Interventions from birth through adolescence.
Guilford publication. By Joan Mc Cord,Richard Emest Tremblay.
y Adolescents at risk of persistent Anti-social Behaviour & Alchohol problems. The role of
behavior ,personality & biological factors .Stockholm University;publishers By
Jenny M E klund.
y Criminology ,Rjashthan University.By Ram Ahuja.
y Social problems & social Disorganization in india By Mamoria C.B.
y Indian social problem By Ram Ahuja.
y Criminology By Don c.Gibbons.
y Preventing Antisocial Behavior: Interventions from Birth Through Adolescence
By Joan Mc Cord, Richard Ernest Tremblay Guilford Publications .
y Adolescents at Risk of Persistent Antisocial Behaviour and Alcohol
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Scope of the study :-
The scope of the study is not very vast .This scope of the study will be in Dhirikuti
slum of Bhubaneswar ,but it may not be completely same for the other slum of B.B.S.R. The study is completely concentrated on a particular slum & its situation,
socio economic condition & most importantly the anti social activities practiced
in the Dhirikuti slum of B.B.S.R.
Area of the study:-
The area of the study is not very large ,it is based on a particular slum of
Bhubaneswar city named as Dhirikuti . This slum is a very oldest slum of B.B.S.R
divided into three clusters, total households in this slum is 347,the total no. of
people are 2646 , from them 779 are male & remaining 688 are female, total no.
of children of this slum is 1179. Labor class people are staying in this cluster. In
named as Upar sahi , there is only 76 houses & in cluster one Hanuman Temple
is there in the slum.
All the people were migrated from various districts of odisha & some were
migrated from Andhra Pradesh .As the population of the whole community is not
very much surprising to see various types of people with different types of
behavior & attitudes ,but still their socio economic life & various activities they
practices to some extent same but most remarks the same.
Objectives:-
y Types of Anti-social activities they practices.
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y Degree of involvement in Anti-social behavior by the slum dwellers.
y Factors responsible for Anti social activities of the slum dwellers.
y Impact of Anti social behavior upon the slum dwellers .
y V arious remedial measures for it.
Hypothesis:-
Hypothesis really shows the path to the research work . It throws light to the
researcher. A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relations between twoor more variables. Hypothesis are always in declarative form & the relate to either
generally or specifically variables to variables.
For the research work , the researcher has taken two Hypothesis . Those are
mentioned below.
Hypothesis:-1
Majority of slum dwellers indulge themselves in anti social activities.
Hypothesis :-2
It is their situation which compels themselves to involve in anti social behaviors.
Variables:-
In social research , the term , V ariable is most important . V ariable is a property
that takes different values .A variable is a symbol to which numerals or value is
assigned.
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In this research work , the independent variable (cause) & depended variable
(effect)are explained below;
Independent variable:-
Kidnapping, Robbery, Smuggling, Murder, Black marketing, Theft, etc.
D ependent variable:-
Age, Gender, Place, Peer Pressure , Environment , Socio-economic conditions etc.
Type of Research D esign:-
In this research the researcher decides different dimensions of social & economic
problems involve in a particular slum Dhirikuti. The researcher has taken
Explorative research design for conducting the study . It is a type of research
conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. Explorative research
helps determine the best research design, data collection method & selection of
subjects .It also concludes that perceived problem does not actually exist.
Universe of the study:-
Dhirikuti slum is the universe of the study.
Research Method:-
The researcher will follow the survey method for conducting the research on Anti
social behaviors of Dhirikuti a slum in B.B.S.R.
Sampling Technique:-
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In order to have a systematic study the researcher adopted a well designed
sampling technique. When a small group taken as the representative of the whole
the study is called sampling study .The whole group from which the sample has
been drawn that technology is known as sampling.
Random sampling:-
At the second stage the research selected four clusters in Dhirikuti slum ,random
sampling is the form applied when the method of selection assures each
individuals or elements is universe as an equal chance of being chosen . At the last
stage the researcher randomly selected 30 households from the 4 clusters.
Sample unit or size:-
Before drawing a sample we have to decide the unit of sample . What shall be
selected a house, a family & individual group. In researcher s study the sampling
unit are individual. The size of the sample is an important problem to be decided
in case of sampling. This is because the size has a direct bearing upon accuracytime , cost & administration of the researcher .My sample size is 30 by looking
the various aspects of my study.
Methods & tools of data collections:-
Data collection can be defined as the facts or information. Collection of data is
very much essential in social researcher, because the data are the basis upon
which research has been conducted.
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There are 2 important tools are generally used in social survey; those are schedule
& questionnaire.
Schedule has to be indirect observation & is filed by the field worker himself; thequestionnaire is generally mailed to respondent who fills it up return it to the
sender.
Questionnaires consist of a number of question printed of typed in definite order
on a form or set of form. To make successful questionnaire schedule should be
short & simple, technical terms & vague expression should be avoided.
D ata Analysis:-
The data thus collected were of two types. Quantitative & qualitative data were
collected through the interview schedule were located with the help of master
sheet & after that the data were edited, codified & tabulated data was converted
into percentages & were analyzed in form of simple & complex tables. The tables
were also represented in the form of diagrammatic graphs were ever necessary.
Capterization:-
The research study will be fragmented in the following chapter.
a. Introduction.
B.Review of literature.
c.Research methodology.
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d.Tabulation & data analysis.
e.Major findings & conclusion.
Appendix:1 Bibliography.
2 Interview schedule.
Limitation of the study:-
1.The research is not able to cover the whole people living in all slums. So the
inferences are based on the particular slum.
2.It is difficult to make interview schedules from those , whose are not willing to
express their true opinions.
3. The respondent are not really like to express their true opinions.
4. Researcher faced various difficulties, in forming rapports with the slum
dwellers as an out side.
5. Some respondents totally refused to give all information about his/her family
to the researcher.
The limitation as mention above could not be avoided because of the peculiarities
of the aspects chosen for the study.
Profile of the study area:-
Profile of the Khurda D istrict :-
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The district Khurda came into being on 1 st April 1993 by dividing it off its erstwhile
Puri ,Khurda & Nayagarh.The district is bounded by Cuttack district-north & east
nayagarh district west purl district-south ganjam district. According to census
2001 total population is 18,7,.395 .Out of which male are 9,86,886 & female are
8,90,509 respectively.
Profile of Bhubaneswar City:-
The Temple city of Bhubaneswar which was the capital of odisha in early 1950s,
was considered to be one of the cleanest cities in the country till a few years back.
The city which had a population of 16,512 spread over an areas of 1684 hct. The
civil body for the city of B.B.S.R is known as B.M.C (Bhubaneswar Municipality
Corporation Act).The slum wing of the Municipal Corporation is headed by a
project officer , incumbement of odisha Administration service.The project officer
is assisted by the community organizers. There are 11 no. of community
organizers & each supervises & coordinates the work of slum areas assigned to
him/her.
About Sample Slum:-
Dhirikuti is a one of the oldest slum of Bhubaneswar , which was established by
the late chief minister M.r Biju Pattnaik. The whole slum is divided into 3 clusters.
The total house are 347 in the slum ,total population is 2646,from them 779 are
male ,female 688 & children were 1179.From the children 520 are regularly going
to school ,dropout students are 183,child labour in the slum is only 17.In cluster
no.1 Tala sahi there are 895 people living in 226 house holds. From 895 people
83 male, 23 female & rest 389 are children. Among the children 177 are regularly
going to school & 47 children were dropout from the school . In cluster No. only
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63 houses & 246 people are staying .Among all 66are male & 66 also female &
rest 114 are children. Only 63 children are going to school & 6 children were
dropout from the school.
Incluster-3 the name is line sahi .Most of the SC & O.B.C categories people are
staying in this cluster. The total house are 138 & 59,people are staying in this
cluster. The children in this cluster is 255 from them 78 are school going & 59
childen were dropout from the school due to some reason.
M.r Sudhansu Marandi is the secretary & M.r Hemanta Pradhan is the
president of this slum
4 .Tabulation & data analysis:-
Personal Profile :
Table -5.1
Distributions of the respondent as per their age group;
Age group in
years
Male Female Total Percentages
20 2 1 3 11%
20 to 30 5 2 7 23%
30 to 40 6 5 11 36%40 to 50 3 2 5 16%
50 & above 2 2 4 13%
Total 30 100%
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The above Table shows that , majority 36% of the respondents belong to
the age group of 30-40, only 11% & 13% of the respondents are in the age group
of 20 & 50& above repectively. The respondents who belongs to the age group of
20-30 ,constitutes 23% & 40-50 forms 16%.
Table -5.2
Distribution of the respondent as per their Sex;
Sex No.of respondents Percentages
Male 18 60%
Female 12 40%
Total 30 100%
The above Table depicts the distribution of respondent as per their sex;
18(60%) of the respondents were male & 12(40%) of respondents were female.
Table -5.3
Distribution of the respondent as per their Marital status;
Marital
status
Male Female Total Percentages
Married 15 10 25 83%Unmaried 4 2 6 20%
Total 18 12 30 100%
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From the above Table ,it is quite clear that majority of the respondents were
married(83%),only (20%) of the respondents were yet to be married.
Table -5- 4
Distribution of the respondents as per their educational status;
Educational
status
Male Female Total Percentages
Literate 7 5 12 40%
Illiterate 12 6 18 60%
Total 30 100%
N=12
Qualification Male Female Total PercentagesPrimary 5 3 8 27%
Upper primary 2 1 3 10%
High school 1 1 2 0.06%
Inter mediate 1 O 1 0.03%
Total 100%
The above Table signifies ,that majority (27%) of the respondents have completed
their primary education,3(10%) of the respondents were able to pursue their
upper primary education. Only o.o6% & o.o3% of the respondents.
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Table -5.5
Distribution of respondents as per their family structure.
The above Table shows that a majority (50%) number of respondents have
Nuclear family .There after comes (33%) belongs to extended family .And the
least (17%) have Joint Family pattern.
Table -5.6
Distribution of respondents as per their migrated year
The above Table signifies that out of the total respondents have migrated to this
place ar 10 to 20 years of their age . And only (17%) 5 respondents (36%) 11
Types of Family No, of respondent Percentage
Nuclear 15 50%
Joint 5 17%
Extended 10 33%
Total 30 100
Migrated year Male Female Total Percentage
9 to 10 7 4 11 36%
10 to 20 8 6 14 47%
20 to 30 3 2 5 17%
Total 18 12 30 100
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,respondents leaved their original place & come to this slum ,when they were at 9
to 10 years of age.
Table -5.7
Distribution of the respondents as per their migrated district.
The above Table shows, that a majority of the respondents (23) 7 respondents
had migrated from puri district. 6((20%) respondents had migrated from Cuttack
district. From Andhara Pradesh (0.06%) of respondents had migrated,& the
remaining respondents had migrated from Balesore 4 (0.13%). Ganjam (0.06%),
Dhenkanal 1(0.03%),Bhadrak 2(0.06),& finally from Bhuban 3 (10%).
Migrated district No. Of respondent Percentage
Puri 7 23%
Cuttack 6 20%
B.B.S.R 3 10%Andhra Pradesh 2 0.o6%
Balesore 4 0.13%
Ganjam 2 0.06%
Dhenkanal 1 0.03%
Bhadrak 2 0.06%
Bhuban 3 10%Total 30 100
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Table -5 -8
D istribution of respondents as per their reasons for migrants.
The above Table reflects the majority of the respondents (37%) had migrated
from their native place due to poverty. 9(30%) of respondents had migrated in
search of Employment, For food 6(20%) of the respondents migrated & for the
various advantages of city life 4(13%) had migrated from their native place.
Table -5-9
D istribution of the respondents as per their availability of rooms in their house.
Reason No. of Respondents Percentage
Food 6 20%
Get Employment 9 30%
Better than native place 4 13%
Due to poverty 11 37%
Total 30 100%
Rooms No. of respondent Percentage
1 9 30%
2 12 40%
3 6 20%
4 3 10%
Total 30 100%
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The above Table shows that 9(30%) of the respondents were living in single room.
And 12(40%) of respondents were living in houses with 2 rooms, remaining
6(20%) of respondents were living in the houses of 3 rooms & lastly 3(10%) of the
respondents were living in houses of 3 rooms.
Table -5.10
Table showing the provison of Toilets in households.
The Table shows that majority of the respondents do not have their toilet
facilities, & only 9(30%) of the respondents have toilet facilities in their house.
Table -5.11
Table showing alternatives of toilet.
Table 5.11 reflects that 20 (67%) of respondents used the open space for toilet &
remaining 10(30%) of respondents were using the common toilets.
Response No. of respondent Percentages
Yes 9 30%No 21 70%
Total 30 100%
Place Respondent Percentage
Open place 20 67%
Common toilet 10% 33%Total 30 100%
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Table 5.12
Table showing electric facilities in the respondent house holds.
The above Table shows that majority respondents (63%) have no electricityfacilities & only (33%) of the respondents have electricity facilities in their
households.
Economic Status:
D istribution of respondents as per their Traditional & Current occupation .
Table -5.13(a)
Table -5 .13(b)
Electricity Respondent Percentage
Yes 11 37%
No 19 63%
Total 30 100%
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Table-13.(a) Table-13.(b)
Traditional
Occupation
Respondents Per/% Current
occupation
Respondents Per/%
Agriculture 20 67% Cultivation 0 0%
Collecting
Forest
product
0 0% Agriculture 0 0%
Small
business
7 23% Labor 16 53%
Artisans 3 10% Driver 8 27%
Total 30 100% Manson 4 13%
Any other 2 0.6%
Total 30 100%
The Table 5-13.(a) signifies that most of the respondents 67% Traditional
occupation was Agriculture. Thereafter comes small business which
constitutes 23% of the total respondents, only 10% of the respondents
were artisan in their past. But no one s traditional occupation was
collecting forest products.
The Table 5-13.(b) reflects that majority of the respondent s 53% Current
occupation is Labour(Daily).Remaining 27% of the respondent s occupation
is Driver, & 13% of respondent s current occupation is Manson, rest only
0.06% of the respondents do other occupation like, petty shopkeeper &
painter.
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Table -5-1 4
Annual income
Annual income No.of respondent Percentage
10, 000 to 20,000 3 10%
20,000 to 30,000 7 23%
30,000 to 40,000 12 40%
40,000 to 50,000 6 20%
50,000 & above 2 0.06%
Total 30 100%
The above Table depicts that 40% of the respondents annual income was,30,000
to 40,000.The second highest annual income is between 20,000 to 30,000 which
constitutes (23%) of the respondents,6(29%) of the respondents annual income
was 40,000 to 50,000.And the remaining 3(10%) & 2(0.06%) of the annual income was 10,000 to 20,000 & 50,000 & above
respectively.
Table -5.15
Table showing the B.B.L cards of the respondents
B.P.L CARDS No, of respondents Percentage
Yes 21 70%
No 9 30%
Total 30 100%
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The above Table shows the distribution of respondents as per the B.P.L
CARDS. The majority (70%) of the respondents have their B.B.L cards & only
(30%) of them have not get B.P.L card yet.
Table -5.16
D istribution of respondent as their monthly income.
Monthly income No.of respondent Percentage
0-1,000 5 17%
1,000-2,000 5 17%
2,000-3,000 10 33%
3,000-4,000 6 20%
4,ooo-above 4 13%
Total 30 100%
The above Table signifies that majority
(33%) of the respondent s monthly income was 2,000-3,000 ,respondents
whose monthly income was 3,000-4,000 constitutes (20%),only (13%) of the
respondents monthly income was 4,000 & above.
Remaining 10 respondents monthly income was 0-1,000 & to1,000-2,000 .
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Table -5.17
Table showing different types of assets of the respondent
From the above Table , we came to know ,that (33%) of the respondent have
cycle. 8(27%) 0f the respondents have Radio in their house, in case of T. V it is
6(20%) of the respondents, only 3(10%) of the respondent have Motor cycle &
another 3(10%) of respondents have Taprecoder.
Table -5.18
D istribution of respondent as per their own house or rented house.
Types of Assets Respondent Percentage
Cycle 10 33%
Motor cycle 3 10%
T.V 6 20%
Radio 8 27%
Tap recorder 3 10%Total 30 100%
Home Respondent Percentage
Own house 19 63%
Rented house 11 37%
Total 30 100%
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The above table shows , that 19(63%) of the respondents have their own house &
only 11(37%) of the respondents have take rented house.
Table -5.19
Showing distribution of respondents as per their women support economically.
Response Respondent Percentage
Yes 24 80%
No 6 20%
Total 30 100%
The above Table reflects that majority (80%) of respondents says women support
economically in their family & 20% of the respondents says that no women do not
support economical for the family.
Table -5.20
Table showing the category of work of women.
Category of work Respondent Percentage
Maid servant 11 37%
Agarbati making 5 17%
S.H.G & Tailoring 8 27%
Nothing 6 20%
Total 30 100%
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The Table -5.20 shows about the categorical of women work for economicall
support . Majority (37%) of women are Maid servant, remaining (27%) are doing
S.H.G. (20%) of the women support their family income by Agarbati making,&
only 6(20%) of the women do nothing (house wife).
Table -5.21(a)
Showing distribution of respondents as per the loans taken.
Table -5.21(b)
Sources of Loan
Sources People Percentage
World vision 10 33%
Money lender 8 27%
Other 4 13%
Total 22 73%
The above Table shows that 10(33%) 0f respondents have taken loan from World
vision. From money lender it is 27% & from various other sources it constitutes
only 13% of the total respondents. Notes: Other source , Friend, Neighbors ,Relative etc.
Responses Respondent Percentage
Yes 22 73%No 8 27%
Total 30 100%
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Table -5.21(c )
Amount of Loan taken & its Interest rate.
The Table -5.21(c) reflects , that a majority (30%) of the respondents have taken
their loan from world vision at a interest of 28%. 11(37%) of the respondents have
taken loan from Money lender at a interest rate of 42%. Remaining o.o6% of the
respondents have taken the help of various other sources at a rate of 12%
interest.
Sources People Percentage Amount Interest rate
World vision 9 30% 3000 28%
Money lender 11 37% 3,000 -6,000 42%
Other 2 0.06% 6,000 -8,000 12%
Total 22 37.06
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Anti social Behaviors of Slum D wellers.
Table -5.22
Table showing the slum dwellers perception regarding their Anti social
behavours.
The above Table signifies that , majority (40%) of the respondents believes that,when there is a need ,the slum dwellers indulge in A.S.B. 8(27%) respondents
believes that ,it is rarely they practices A.S.B. Only (13%) of the respondents says
that they frequently practice A.S.B. . Some of the respondents says that, the do
not practices A.S.B..
Responses Responses Percentage
Frequently 4 13%
Rarely 8 27%
When there is a need 12 40%
No they do not involve 6 20%
Total 30 100%
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Table -5.23
Types of Anti Social Activities of slum dwellers, according to their perception.
Table- 5.23 depicts , that 8(23%) of the respondents says that it is Blackmarketing which slum dwellers usually do. some respondents have the view that,
it is prostitutions (27%) ,also 20% of the respondents believes that slum dwellers
do not involve in A.S.B. Pick-poketing constitutes 17% & other forms of A.S.B
holds 13% of the total respondent s perception.
Types of A.S.B Respondents Perception
Black marketing 7 23%
Pick-pocketing 5 17%
Prostitution 8 27%
Other forms 4 13%
No they do not practice
any A.S.B
6 20%
Total 30 100%
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Table -5.2 4
Table showing the age group of the people who involve in A.S.B
Age group Respondent Percentage
Adult 21 70%
Teen age (upto 18) 9 30%
Total 30 100%
The above Table shows that , majority (70%) of respondents have an opinion that
it is Adult person who involved more in A.S.B ,& only (30%) of the respondents
thinks that it is the Teen age group ,who indulge themselves more in A.S.B.
Table -5.25
Table showing the various factors responsible for A.S.B of the slum dwellersaccording to their perception
Factor responsible Response Percentage
Low income 9 30%
Limited choice of
occupation
5 17%
Environment of slum
(peer pressure, impact of
parents,impact of their
4 13%
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The above Table ,throws light on, that 13(43%) of the respondents were of the
opinion that ,it is their situation which compels them to practice A.S.B. 9(30%) of the respondents believes that it is their low income for which they indulge
themselves in A.S.B. Due to limited choice of occupation (17%) the involves in
A.S.B. & some respondents (13%) says that it is their environmental factor which
plays a crucial role in their various behaviors.
Table -5.26
Table showing the perception of slum dwellers regarding the consequences of
A.S.B
society )
Their situation compels
them(due to their
situational needs,demand
driven)
13 43%
Total 30 100%
Perception Respondent Percentage
Positive 13 43%
Negative 17 57%
Total 30 100%
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Table -5.27 reflects that 13(43%) of the respondents believes that , A.S.B produce
positive results, while 17(57%) of the respondents were of the opinion that A.S.B
produces negative output.
Table -5.28
Table showing the various advantages they get through A.S.B , according to
their perceptions
From the above Table , we came to know that 6(20%) of the respondents believes
that, in order to increase income slum dwellers involves in A.S.B. To earn in a very
short span of time also compels them to indulge in A.S.B 5(0.16%%).According to
2(0.06%) of respondents ,they believes that through Anti social activities,income
can be generated without much investment.
Advantages Respondent Percentage
Increases income 6 20%
Without much
Investment
2 0.06%
Within short span of time 5 0.16%
Total 13 20.22%
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Table -5.29
Table showing the various disadvantages the slum dwellers are facing due to
A.S.B, according to their perception.
Table -5.29 shows ,that 8 (26%) of the respondent were of the opinion ,that due
to A.S.B, person may be caught by police. 6(20%) of the respondents believes that
because of A.S.B ,unnecessary litigation expenses will have to bear. Also some of
the respondents were of the opinion that, due to the A.S. B. of the parents a very
bad impact will be realized by their children.
5. Major findings & conclusion.
y Majority of the respondents (slum dwellers) are illiterate (60%).
y 53% of the respondent s current occupation is Labour.
y 40% of the respondents Annual income was between 30,000 -40,000.
y Majority (73%) of the slum dwellers has taken loan, both from formal &
informal institution.
y 40% of the respondents perception regarding the cause of A.S.B, is
When there is a need, people go for it.
y 20% of the respondents believes that, slum people never involves in A.S.B.
Disadvantages Respondents Percentages
Caught by police 8 26%
Litigation expenses 6 20%
Bad impact upon children 3 10%
Total 17 46 %
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y According to slum dwellers perception, Prostitution (27%) & Black
marketing (23%)are the most common A.S.B of them.
y Majority of the slum dwellers (43%) believes that it is their situation which
compels them to indulge in A.S.B.
y 30% of the respondents believes that, due to their low income, slum people
engaged themselves in A.S.B.
y 57% of the respondents thinks that through Anti social activities they get
positive output.
y V arious advantages from A.S.B, according to their perception are; increase
money, without much investment money can be generated, With a short
span of time money can be gained.
y 43% of the respondents are of the opinion that due to A.S.B, various
negative results have to face.
y The various disadvantages of A.S.B ,according to the slum people are;
Person may be caught by the police, unnecessary litigation charges has to
bear, & it may have a negative impact upon their children.
Conclusions:
From this research study we came to know, that it is the need of the slum
dwellers that force them to indulge in A.S.B. Also the situation plays a great
role in their behavior & personality. Their Environment too plays a great role in
this regard. Due to their limited choice of occupation which also tends themselves
to practice in unfair means of livelihood.
According to the slum dwellers the various common A.S.B of the slum
People are ; Black marketing, Prostitution, Pickpoketing, etc.
Slum dwellers really faces a adverse impact of A.S.B upon their life ,family
members, themselves & it also poses a great great threat to the Nation itself.In
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this 21 st century Urbanizations would take it own place & growth, but
simultaneously we have to look also the darker side of the Urbanization s effect
on the common people
Suggestion for checking A.S B by the respondents:
y Enough Employment opportunity should be given to them.
y Proper Assistance should be provided to them, in order to lead a
healthy social life.
y Housing & sanitary condition should be improve to at least the
minimum level.
y More number of plans & policies should be implemented, for their
uplipghtment in society.
y According to a slum dweller Ghasi das if our belly will remain
empty, our children will cry for food, then what ultimately we will do.
So if we get the minimum neseccity of life than automatically many
deviant behaviors of ours will changed to a significant way .
Suggestion by the Researcher:
y SOCIALISATION process should be effectively imparted to the slum
people. So that from the very childhood the personality of the slum
children will be well groomed.
y A revolution of education should has to spread across in the slum
areas. At least a minimum level of slum people should get the
opportunity to complete their Primary Education.
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y V ocational Training & skill should be imparted to the slum dwellers , so
that they can earn their livelihood in a Sustainable & Socially
acceptable manner.
y Punishment strategy should follow the REFORMATI V E PRINCIPLE. It
should not focus on the PUNITI V E Form of Punishment.
y It should be taken due consideration that HARDCORE PUNISHMENT can
never produce effective & desired results.
y Reformative punishment should be given to the slum deviants.
y Concept like Open Prison should be popularized.
Bibliography:
y Preventing Anti-social Behavior , Interventions from birth through adolescence.
Guilford publication. By Joan Mc Cord,Richard Emest Tremblay.
y Adolescents at risk of persistent Anti-social Behaviour & Alchohol problems. The role of
behavior ,personality & biological factors .Stockholm University;publishers By
Jenny M E klund.
y Criminology ,Rjashthan University.By Ram Ahuja.y Social problems & social Disorganization in india By Mamoria C.B.
y Indian social problem By Ram Ahuja.
y Criminology By Don c.Gibbons.
y Preventing Antisocial Behavior: Interventions from Birth Through Adolescence
By Joan Mc Cord, Richard Ernest Tremblay Guilford Publications .
y Adolescents at Risk of Persistent Antisocial Behaviour and Alcohol
Problems: The Role of Behavior, Personality and Biological Factors(Health Equity Study) Stockholm University By Jenny M Eklund.
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Questionnaire Schedule:
(a)Personal profile:
1. Name of the respondent
2. Age of the respondent
3.What is the structure of your family?
a. Nuclear
b. Joint
c.Extended
4 . Do you married?
a. Yes b .No
4 .How many children do you have?
a. 1-2 b .3-5 c.above
5.Do you sent your children to the school?
a. Yes b .No
6.If not,than what did your children do?
A.stay in house.
b.child labour.
c.ragpickers.
D .any other factor, specify.
7. What is your educational status?
a. Illiterate b .class 1 to 4 c.class 6 th to 8 th d. Metric
E.Higher secondary & above.
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(b)Economic profile:
1. What was your traditional occupation?
a. agriculture
B.collecting forest product
c.small business
d. artisian
2. What is your current occupation?
a. Cultivation b. agriculture c.labour
d. driver e. manson f. any other,
specify.
3.What is your annual income?
a. 10,000-20,000 b .20,000-30,000 c.30,000-40,000
d. 40,000-50,000 e.50,000 & above
4 .Monthly income?
5.Do you have any of the following assets?
a. cycle b. motor cycle c.T.V d .Tape recorder e. any other
6.Do you have any livestock?yes/no
If yes a. Goat b. Hen c.cow d. any other
7.Do you have own house or rented house ?
8.Do your female member support economically?yes/no
If yes, how a.
b.
c.
d.
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9.Do you have taken loan?
Yes/No
Source
If yes , how much
Rate of interest .
Anti social behavior of slum dwellers:
1. Slum people are poor; they do not have access to a healthy life .People
believe that due to ignorance & poverty slum people are engaged in some
anti social activities.
D o you agree? Yes/no
If yes, how often?
a .frequently
b .rarely
c.when need is there
2.If you think that , they involve in such activity ,what type of often they do
?
a. black marketing
b .kidnapping
c.rape
d .murder
e .any other form, specify
3.What is the common age of the people, who practices such kind of
behavior/activities.?
a .adult man b .teen age group
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4 .According to you ,what are the various factors which are responsible for
involving in such kind of activities?
a .low income
b .no choice of alternative income source
c.environment of slum.
d .situation compels them
5.How do you rate the above mentioned 4 factors ,out of 10
6. Parents have a great impact upon the children s personality. Do you
agree with this statement
Yes/no
7. If the parents are frequently involve in anti social activities, then
children too accept this practices & indulge themselves in their latter age .
Do you agree with this statement?
Yes/No
8. Proper care & guidance s to a child from the very childhood, shapes
his/her personality ,image ,behavior & makes them a responsible citizen of
the state in future .
Do you accept this statement?
Yes/No
9.What do you think about the consequences of such anti social activities of
the slum dwellers.
a . positive b. negative
10. If positive, than how?
11 .If negative,than how?
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