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A STUDY OF STRESS MANAGEMENT ON PRIVATE
BANKS EMPLOYEES AND IMPACT OF STRESS ON
EMPLOYEE’S PERFORMANCE AND HEALTH
Dr. Mini Amit Arrawatia1, Deepanshi
2
1Assistant Professor,
2Research Scholar
1,2Jayoti Vidyapeeth Womens’ University, Jaipur, Rajasthan,( India)
ABSTRACT
In this present time stress become a major hurdle of each and everyone’s life. In this era, stress in private sector
banks is rising incessantly. Competition level is very high in private sector banks so that’s why private banks
employees are facing more stress problems. In this time stress management is playing a prominent role.
Because of stress, private banks employees are facing physical, psychological and behavioural changes in their
daily life. These changes give negative impact on employee’s personal and professional life. The main purpose
of this research to focus on the private sector banks employees because banking employees are very stressed
they are highly target driven and also face highly work pressure. Therefore, in order to assess the stress and its
bad impact on employee’s performance and health of private banks, the study has been taken up. The study has
been conducted on 200 employees including private banks managers and employees, randomly selected from
different branches of private banks. 220 questionnaires were distributed out of which 156 employees responded.
A total of 156 male and female employees from different private banks and branches gave their response. Data
was collected using a questionnaire method. The aim of this paper is to identify the main cause of stress and
stress management strategies and measure the effect of stress on performance and health of employees.
Keywords: - stress, causes of stress, employees performance, Employee’s health, stress management
strategies
I. INTRODUCTION
In this time stress is becoming a crucial issue of daily life. Stress affects our physically, mentally, emotionally
and behaviourally. Stress is an ordinary human reaction. It is a man’s adoptive reaction to an exterior situation.
Hans’s selye was one of the founding father of research on stress. He stated in 1956, that “Stress is not
necessarily something bad; it all depends on how we take it”. The World Health Organization defines Stress as
“the reaction people may have when presented with demands & pressures that are not matched to their
knowledge & abilities & which challenge their ability to cope”
In this current era stress is everywhere so to overcome stress related problems there is a need to manage stress
issues so Stress management is playing a very vital role now days because without stress management everyone
do nothing to manage stress. Stress management helps to reduce stress in each and every field such as banking
and finance sector, IT sectors, corporate sectors, education sectors, telecom and BPO sectors. Stress
management strategies like stress management programs, reward system, counselling sessions, promotional
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activities, training and development programs and employee’s assistance programs etc always useful to control
the stress related issues. Banking sector is the essential part of our financial system. During the past ten years,
banking sectors had gone quick changes in technologies, plans, policies, competition and value of money.
Banking sectors are playing a major role to improve country growth rate. Now a day’s banking sector
employees are facing many stress related difficulties but stress in private banks is increasing very fast. Mostly
private banking sectors employees are suffering high level of stress problems which affects employee’s
performance and health. Most of the time employees of private banks face high and middle level of stress. High
level and middle level of stress is harmful it gave bad impact on banks employees working life and personal life
both. High level of stress is unavoidable in nature. There are many causes of stress comprise which influenced
adversely employees performance and health and also employees daily life. To suffer stress situations
employees physical health and mental health both are affected badly. After this employees face many health
related issues and it also affects employees life, employees working life and most importantly employees
performance so to reduce there is requirement of stress management strategies. Stress management strategies
help to alleviate employees stress and try to give a stress free life.
II. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study helps to know about the main cause of stress and also explain how stress affecting private bank
employee’s performance and health. This study recognizes some stress management strategies because these
strategies help to manage the stress of private banks employees and also helps in performance growth.
III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To find out the main causes of stress among private bank employees.
2. To recognize the effects of stress on the health of bank employees.
3. To analyze the impact of stress on the performance of private banks employees and examine the relationship
of stress and performance.
4. To identify stress management strategies to manage stress of private bank employees.
IV. LITERATURE REVIEW
4.1 Performance of Employees
Stress affects negatively employee’s performances as well as organizational performances. So there is a
responsibility of company’s manager seriously focused to overcome stress problems and take major steps to
manage stress and create a good environment in banks because companies’ managers play a very prominent role
to manage stress problems between banks employees (Balaji R. 2014). Low salaries, lack of advancement and
poor relation with higher authority are the source of stress it effects employees attendance, innovation,
motivation, organizational loyalty and commitment to deadlines. It also effect performance of bank employees
like discipline, attendance, turnover and grievance, so there is necessary to manage stress management strategies
through reducing workload, redesigning jobs, growth and advancement opportunities, improvement of higher
and lower authority relation, remuneration and improvement of working atmosphere (Nyangahu and Bula
,2015). In this time technological changes, increase social responsibilities, social changes and policies changes
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are also contain in growth of stress. These changes influenced employee’s performance and employee’s bad
performance gives negative impact on the performance of banks (Shukla H. and Garg R. 2013).There are three
factor of stress such environmental, organizational and personal factor. These factors are the big source of stress
which affects employees’ performance in any organizations and organizations suffer low productivity, increased
turnover and insurance cost and high absenteeism.(Hamdan Y. 2012). This research revealed the relationship
between job stress and performance of bank employee’s. Day by day stress is become part of our daily life.
Stress problem is not bad all the time some time it can be positive and some time can be negative. It is depend
upon situations and mind set of everyone. The relationship between job stress and performance is negative in
nature. Performance of employees negatively correlated to job stress (Bashir and Ramay 2010).The main
purpose of this study to show the relationship between job stress and job performance. Most of the time lower
stress helps to increase employee’s performance but high stress affects employee’s performance badly. Stress
affects employee’s life but at a certain level.job stress and performance had a negative relationship (Dar and
Akmal et al., 2011). Show the effect of job stress on employee’s performance. We can control stress related
issues but we cannot avoid stress problems. Mostly lack of feedback, role doubt, career development
organizational climate and structure are affecting employee’s performance in organizations. So we can
overcome these stress problems through cooperative and supportive atmosphere for employees of banks through
this employee’s performance increase (Ahmed and Ramzan, 2013).Also analysed the impact of occupational
stress on employee’s performance at work place and determine the stress at work. it gave negative effect on
work stress to each and every individuals. Low satisfaction and motivation is the specific reason of poor
performance (Goswami T. G. 2015).
4.2 Health of Employees
Private Banks employees face different kinds of health related difficulties such as tension, depression, anxiety,
heard attack, diabetes, frustration, headache, shoulder pain. These health issues affect employee’s performance
and employees working capacity decrease badly day by day. (Ali, Hassan and Bashir 2013).Stress affects badly
on employee’s health & organizational health both. Physical, behavioural, emotional these changes create
various issues which affect employee’s health Tension, depression, anxiety, headache, blood pressure are
common. These health issues affect employee’s performance too. Stress also affects overall productivity of
employees and organization. When employee’s performance and productivity decreased then employees felt
demotivated and employee’s motivation level decreased (Khalil Wani S. 2013). Occupational health stresses
dangerous for employees. Depression, Anxiety, tension, low tolerance, and hair lose, aggressive and separation
is the major reasons of stress which affect health of employees (Malik, 2015).
4.3 Stress Management Strategies
Private sector banks focus on some stress management programs and activities witch support to manage stress
problems. Stress management strategies helps to reduce employee’s personal and professional life stress
(Sharmila and Poornima 2012). And to manage stress issues in banks, mostly training and development sessions
and effective communication programs, time management programs play a very important role (Azad T. 2014).
Training programs give positive impact on banking sector employees working life. Training programs helps in
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development of employees growth and also helpful to reduce work stress. (Deshwal S. 2015). Stress
management strategies always helpful to overcome stress problems of bank employees and build stress free
environment in banks. There are two way of stress management strategies to control stress first is individual
oriented strategies it contain single active, single passive , group activities , exercises and meditation comes and
in second organizational oriented strategies. It includes stress management programs, employee’s assistance
programs, physical activities, promotional activities (R. 2015).There are different types of stress which affects
employee’s life these are Eustress, distress, anticipatory, traumatic, chronic, acute, time, encounter and
situational stress and everyone have only four strategies such as avoid the stressor, alter the stressor, adopt to the
stressor and accept the stressor to manage stress problems (Imeokparia , Ediagbonya and Kennedy 2013).
V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
5.1 Research Design
The present study is descriptive in nature. The study is based on primary data.
5.2 Sample Size
The sample size selected for this study to managers and employees of private sector banks and this survey has
done in 3 cities of Rajasthan these are Jaipur, Ajmer and Jodhpur. Private bank contain some selected private
banks like HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank. Questionnaires were distributed and
collected personally by the researcher in each and every bank.
5.3 Sources of Data
The study will consist of both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected by direct interview
through questionnaire. The secondary data was collected from research publications, standard journal and
periodicals including the government organizations and from respective records about the job related
occurrence.
5.4 Statistical Analysis
The study conducted in 2016 to 2017 in private sector banks in the 3 cities of Rajasthan. Out of 220
questionnaires only 156 were used for research analysis because few questionnaires were incomplete and
delayed in response.
5.5 Statistical Tool and Techniques
For the purpose of analysis of data Reliability and Validity test correlation test to find out relationship between
stress and employees performance and regression analysis also used. One way ANOVA test was also applied
with the help of SPSS 23 software.
5.6 Analysis of Data
The survey data was collected by the use of structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided in to two
categories; first category is related to demographic questions and second category related to causes of stress,
health of employees and stress management strategies and performance of employees.
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VI. DEMOGRAPHIC
This category depicts the demographic framework of the respondents in the term of gender, age, work
experience, education qualification.
6.1 Gender
Figure1.1 The graph on Gender simply shows the participant of male and female respondents.
The results shows in this graph, large number of respondents are male. Male respondents are 133 (85%) out of
the 156 respondents and in this survey small number of female respondents that is only 23 (15%) out of 156
respondents. In private banks large proportion of male employees and less proportion of female employees are
working.
6.2 Age
Figure1.2. this graph shows the groups of age for the respondents. The age groups of respondents shows from 21
to 60 years.
This graph shows the age of private banks employees. The age group divided in to 4 categories these are (21-
30), (31-40), (41-50) and (51- 60). In this survey most of the respondents were from the first category that is
21-30. In first category (21-30) over all 101 employees contain that is 64% .In private sector banks large number
of employees working in banks 21 years to 30years. After this in second category 50 respondent that is 32%. In
third category with 3% and the last category no age group respondent found. In private banks mostly employees
working who recently completed their bachelor and master degree. In private sector banks there are less number
of employees working after 50 ages.
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6.3 Work Experience
Figure 1.3 this graph shows the work experiences of the respondents in their current organizations.
This graph depicts the works experiences of the respondents in their banks. Below 3 years large number of
respondents contain these are 89 (57%) out of 156 respondents. In 4 to 7 years over all 43 (27%) of the
respondents contain and in 8 to 11 years over all 19(12%) respondents and in 12 to 15 working years only 5
(3%) respondents founds. In last above 16 years there are no respondent. In private sector banks massive
number of employees has working experience below 3 years and some employees have 4 years to 15 years
works experience but very less employees above 16 years.
6.4 Education Qualification
Figure 1.4 this graph shows the respondents in terms of their highest educational qualifications.
There are 4 level of education qualification. Total 49 (31%) of respondents are educated out of 156 respondents
from Bachelor Degree. In this survey masters degree holders are the highest within the respondents. Total 78
respondents have master degree and the proportion is 50%. In the employee’s higher education and qualification
only 28 (17%) respondents have other degree.
2. Second categories shows effect of stress on employee’s health and performance and also depicts that bank
employees manage stress with the help of stress management strategies.
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6.5 Causes of Stress
This graph shows the causes of stress among private sector bank employees. Workload is the major cause of
stress among private bank employees that is 57%. 89 respondents consider out of 156 respondents. After this
working environment also the main cause of stress that is 55%. Banks employees face many technical issues so
it contains 54%.Lack of management support, long working hours and lack of motivation and contain 51%, 50%
and 44% respectively.
Banks employee’ also suffers lots of peer pressure that is 48% and lack of authority in decision making
comprised 43% respondents. 75 respondents agreed out of 156 respondents that high targets are the main cause
of stress because in every private sector banks some employees work related to insurance, marketing and sales
so they have a high targets and banks gives urgent deadlines to complete that particular target so there are only
52% respondents of urgent deadlines. Ignorance of others and lack of communication contain 40% and 38%
respectively.
6.6. Health Issues of Employees
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This graph depicts the health issues which affect private bank employee’s health. When stress affects employee’s
health then employees faced this types of health problems. It is observed from the survey that large number of
respondent’s 107 out of 156 suffers from headache and weakness (tiredness). Headache and weakness (tiredness)
both contain 68% respondents. Over all 56% respondents suffer mood swings. When anyone suffers from stress
problems then they easily frustrated or irritated of the others and overall 83(53%) respondents easily frustrated out of
156 respondents. When anyone suffer with increased or decreased appetite then weight gain or weight loss problem
arise and after this digestive problem also increased. 50% respondents suffer weight gain or loss problems and 42%
employees have increased or decreased appetite and 42% respondents suffer digestive problem. Due to stress
employees face difficulties in sleep. They did not sleep well that’s why employee’s memory became low day by day.
Good sleep is a way to overcome stress in their life but if anyone did not take good sleep so it is only because of
stress. Memory became low and sleep difficulties contain 47% and 39% respondents respectively. When anyone
comes under stress so who have a habit of smoking and alcohol then usually smoking and alcohol habit increased.
47% respondents agreed with this. Abnormal heartbeat and breath faster is the sign of diabetes. 36% of the
respondents suffer from abnormal heartbeat and less % (25%) of respondents suffers from diabetes problem.
6.7 Employee’s Performance
a). Descriptive Statistics
Items
Mean Std. Deviation N Cronbach's Alpha
Do you feel that working environment
affecting your performance?
1.73 .822 156 .789
How often technical problems effect
your performance?
2.07 .754 156 .789
Do you think that long work hours give
bad impact on your performance?
2.14 .947 156 .782
Do you feel that urgent deadline and
workload gives bad impact on your
performance?
2.42 .997 156 .776
Do you feel that lack of co-operation
with your superior affect your
performance?
2.35 .969 156 .768
Do you feel that increase responsibility
and high targets giving negative impact
on your performance?
2.42 .964 156 .766
Do you think that lack of authority in
decision making affect your
performance?
2.41 .929 156 .772
Do you feel that lack of motivation
affect your performance?
2.35 .921 156 .747
Do you feel that lack of management
support affect your performance?
2.35 .921 156 .747
6.8 Correlation Analysis
This table shows the relationship between stress and employees performance.
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**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)
*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)
This table show the relationship between independent (working environment, technical problem, long working
hours, urgent deadline and workload, lack of cooperation with superior, high targets, lack of motivation, and
lack of management support) and dependent variable ( performance of employees). For the purpose of analysis
and interpretations and to identify the correlation between main causes of stress and employees performance,
Pearson correlation analysis was applied which show that there is a positive correlation between causes of stress
and employees performance. Lack of motivation shows the highest positive correlation (r =1.000). High targets
positive correlation (r =.448) and lack of authority in decision making shows correlation (r = .365). In this
correlation table shows negative correlation between lack of cooperation with superior(r = .322) and (r = .300)
of urgent deadline and workload. Long working hours also shows negative correlation that is (r = .275).
Technical problem shows (r = .224).in the last working environment shows highly negative correlation(r = .160)
with employees performance.
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6.9 Regression Analysis
In this table the value of R is .363, and R square is .084. The value of R shows significantly positive relationship
between variables (working environment, technical problem, long working hours, urgent deadline and workload,
lack of cooperation with superior, high targets, lack of motivation, and lack of management support) and the
performance ( how many times you feel that you are performing without stress). The std. error of estimate is
.939 and F change 2.784 and Sig. F change is .007.
ANOVA with Friedman’s Test
Sum of squares df Mean
Square
Friedman’s
chi square
Sig
Between People 439.305 155 2.834
Within people Between Item
Residual
Total
67.211a 8 8.401 104.791 .000
733.234 1240 .591
800.444 1248 .641
Total 1239.749 1403 .884
Grand Mean = 2.25
Kendall’s coefficient of concordance W = .054
6.10 Identify stress management strategies to manage stress of private bank employees
There are some stress management strategies which helps to manage stress of private bank employees. The
following are the outcome of this study.
[1] Employees Assistance Programs (EAP):- Employee’s Assistance Program is like an employee’s benefit
program. It is short term counseling for employees to solve personal problems. It affects on employee’s job
performance, employees health and employees personal and professional problems. EAP helps people to
understand or to overcome their personal problem. 86% respondents agree that EAP helps to reduce
employees stress and 14% respondents disagree with this.
[2] Employee Counseling Sessions: - Counseling session is very prominent stress management strategies. It is
like a meeting between organizations superior and subordinates.Counseling session contain 65%
respondents who are agree that counseling session helps to manage stress. 35% respondents are not
satisfied.
[3] Training Development Programmer: - Training and development programmers very useful for
employees. It helps employees improve skills and knowledge which helps in performance growth in their
current job. It includes 78% respondents who think that training and development program give positive
impact to overcome stress and 22% respondents did not think.
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[4] Meditation & Yoga: - It is a very useful and beneficial stress management strategy to manage stress level.
Meditation good for peace of mind and yoga is like a mind body practice. It helps to reduce stress level,
blood pressure problems and good for heart and mind too. To reduce stress problem so there is a need to do
meditation and yoga at least 20 to 25 minute daily. In this study 68% respondents agreed and 32% are not
agreed.
[5] Time Management: - To manage stress issues there is a need to manage time. Time management helps to
manage the balance between personal and professional life. Employees set short term and long term goals
according to the time and finish project on time. In this survey overall 63% respondents gave positive
response and 32% respondents gave negative.
[6] Stress Management Programmers: - It is the important stress management strategies to manage stress
between bank employees. It’s necessary that every organization conduct Stress management programs and
sessions for the awareness about how to deal with stress issues. Stress management program include 74%
respondents and 26% respondents are different point of view.
[7] Promotional Activities: - Promotional Activities help to overcome stress issues between lower level
employees. It is an effective stress management strategy which helps to control stress issues in employee’s
life and helps to improve employee’s performance. Total 71% respondents understand that it helps to
manage stress problems and 29% respondents are not agreed.
[8] Reward System: - It’s compulsory that every organization organize reward system to increase the morale
and performance of employees and it give positive impact for the encouragement of employees. It helps to
manage stress problems in employees working life. 80% employees think that reward system reduces stress
level and 20% employees think that it is not helpful.
[9] Motivational Session: - Motivational sessions play a significant role to decrease stress level between bank
employees. So it’s necessary that every employee attend motivational session to motivate themselves.
Overall 76% of employees are supportive to manage stress through motivational sessions and 24%
employees think that this is totally wastage of time.
[10] Individual Activities and Group Activities: - Individual and group activities both are necessary to
manage stress problems. Individual activities (reading, writing, photography, art, listening music, running )
and group activities ( sports, games, vacations, movies, show and theatre) are gave positive impact on
employees life and also manage stress.83% of respondents think it manage stress problems and remain 17%
respondents think it did not work to reduce stress.
VII. FINDINGS
[1] In this study male employees are more then to female employees. Most of the employees come under 25 to
40 age and large number of employees has bachelor and masters degree.
[2] In private sector banks mostly employees have 1 to 7 years work experience.
[3] In private sector banks almost employees including male and female agreed that workload, technical
problem, working environment lack of motivation and cooperation with superior and long working hours
are the main causes of stress.
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[4] Most of the employees agree that they completed their work on time and did not take their work in home
and avoid staying late at the office to finish their work.
[5] Mostly employees think that training programs are better for the employee’s performance as well se banks
performance.
[6] Some employees are not satisfied with their work. Large number of employees suffers high level of stress
in their organizations less number of employees suffer low stress.
[7] In private sector banks most of the employees physical and mental stress both.
[8] High percentage of respondents suffers headache, tiredness, mood swings and frustration and sleep
difficulties.
[9] Most of the employees agree with EAP (Employees Assistance Program) also very helpful to solve
employee’s personal issue and try to help to give them stress free life. So there is a need to more focus on
EAP.
[10] There is significant positive relationship between stress and performance of employees. In correlation of
stress and employees performance most of the dimensions have positive relationship.
VIII. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The purpose of this study to identify the main causes of stress so this study depicts that workload, working
environment and technical problems and urgent deadlines are the main cause of stress but some of the time
lack of management support, long working hours also the cause of stress of private bank employees. In private
sector banks most of the employees have stress problems and these causes gives bad impact on employee’s life.
Large numbers of employees agree with this. After this, study recognized the health problems of employees
because stress also gives negative impact on employee’s health. I private sector banks most of the employees
suffer headache, mood swings problem, easily frustrated with anyone and increase or decrease appetite and
blood pressure high and low problem. These health issues are very harmful of employee’s health. In private
banks employees have no time to manage the personal and professional life both that’s why they did not give
more attention to their health so after this they suffer these types of health problems which gives bad effect on
employee’s life. And this study also depicts the impact of stress on employee’s performance. Everyone knows
that most of the time stress gave negative impact on employees’ performance but some of the time it gave
positive impact. It’s based upon employees situations and capabilities that which level of stress employees
facing and how to take stress positive way or negative way. Most of the employees it stresses in negative way.
In this study most of the time stress affects employee’s performance. This study shows few causes of stress
which affects employee’s performance and after this it show the relationship between stress and employees
performance. There is a positive relation between stress and employees performance. But some variable it show
negative relationship. In banking sector competition is increasing very fast. Private Banks facing lots of stress
problems so there is needed to use stress management strategies to overcome or handle stress problems. This
study also revealed some stress management strategies which are very useful to manage stress between
employees. Mostly respondents used some strategies to overcome stress in their life such as meditation and
yoga, individual and group activities, motivational sessions. Some respondent agree with training and
development programs, time management, promotional activities and appreciation and rewards also helpful to
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manage stress. But there is a need to focus on employee’s problems and issues if private banks manager more
focus on employees problems and stress and give positive environment and also give positive feedback of
employees performance so it will help to reduce stress of private banks employees and also helps to reduce
stress of private banks.
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