(A Govt. of India Undertaking - Ministry of Water Resources)Established in June, 1969
International Consultants in Water Resources, Power and Infrastructure Development
PARTNERSHIP WITH AFRICA THROUGH TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN IRRIGATION AND
AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
WAPCOS Ltd.
Contents
Development Scenario
Technological Innovations for Irrigation & Agriculture
Development
Strategy for Social Upliftment
Role of Consultants
WAPCOS Profile
WAPCOS Proposal for Project Identification &
Development
Development Scenario Continent of Abundant Resources
Land Water Minerals Oil, Coal & Gas
Minerals World’s top producer
(Diamond 78%, Platinum 54%, Chromium 40%) Energy
Significant fossil fuels (Oil, Gas and Coal) Large biomass and bio-fuels potential Huge Hydro-electric potential (45 GW)
Tourism World’s greatest diversity (Culture, Flora, Fauna) Important source of livelihood
Development Objectives Food Security
Irrigation Development Introduction of high yielding varieties of seeds Provision of fertilizers and pesticides Crop husbandry techniques
Health Security Provision of safe drinking water for all Promotion of Sanitation and hygiene
Livelihood Security Direct and indirect employment in Irrigation and Agriculture Development of agro-based industries Cascading effect on other development activities
Ecological security Prevention of water pollution Maintaining Minimum flows in Rivers Measures against over exploitation of ground water resources
WATER is the main Catalyst to help meet “Development Needs”Growing FoodGenerating Energy for
Industrial Development Pumping of Ground Water for
Irrigation and Drinking Water Supply
Encouraging industrial and service sector growth
Generating Rural livelihoodsEnsuring the Integrity of
ecosystems for Environmental Protection Water Quality Plants Animals Prevention of Degradation of
Forest Cover and Soils etc.
Main issues in Irrigation and Agriculture Development
Investment in Irrigation Development• Storage reservoirs• Major and Medium irrigation projects
Lift Irrigation Projects• Development of ground water resources for minor irrigation
Energy Availability of pumps and other equipments Credit facility for small farmers
Around 60% of African workers employed by Agriculture Sector About 60% of African farmers are at Subsistence level Production just adequate for domestic consumption
Relatively small income for family Reinvestment in agriculture not possible No exportable surplus
Small land holdings Upgradation of skills required in irrigation practices and Crop
husbandry More emphasis on agricultural extension services
Main Issues in Agriculture Development in Africa....to be Contd.
Main Issues in Agriculture Development in Africa....to be Contd.
Institutional arrangements and their linkages Limited access to markets
High import tariffs in developed countries High subsidies to rich farmers in developed countries
African farm products need to compete in developed markets Few large farms operated by large enterprises for export
Coffee Cocoa Rubber
Manufacturing / assembly of tractors, harvesters, irrigation pumps etc. limited,
Due to little industrial development Few - Viable fertilizer and pesticide manufacturing units in most countries
Agricultural Indicators by Region
Future ScenariosGrowth in agricultural production – 3% per yearGrowth in cereal production – 3.4 % per yearPopulation Growth – 3.2% per year
Reflects need for enhanced developmental efforts
Africa South Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Latin America
and Caribbean
World
Proportion of arable land
irrigated (% age)
7.0 39.3 31.9 11.6 20.0
Added value per worker ($/year)
416 412 461 3028 645
Per capita cereal production (kg/year)
147 224 336 259 349
Cereal yield (kg/ha)
1225 2308 4278 2795 2067
Livestock productivity
(kg/ha)
164 121 150 198 193
Fertilizer Use (kg/ha)
22 109 241 85 100
Country/Region Maize Soybean
Oil palm
Sugarcane
Asia (Except West Asia)
0.62 0.47 0.74 0.68
Europe 0.81 0.84 N.A N.A
North America 0.89 0.77 N.A 0.72
Oceana 1.02 1.05 0.6 0.91
South America 0.65 0.67 0.87 0.93
North Africa & West Asia
0.62 0.91 N.A 0.95
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.20 0.32 0.32 0.54
Current yield relative to estimated potential yield
Source: World Bank 2010
Irrigation Efficiencies Method of Irrigation
Surface Sprinkler Drip
Conveyance Efficiency 40-50 (canal)60-70 (well)
- -
Application Efficiency 60-70 70-80 90
Surface water moisture evaporation
30-40 30-40 20-25
Overall efficiency 30-35 50-60 80-90
1. Judicious Use of Irrigation water
Lining of Water courses30-40% reduction in losses Appropriate Cropping patternOptimal utilization of available water
Efficiencies
Technological Innovations for Irrigation & Agriculture Development
2. Farm Mechanization
Increase in productivity 12-34% Seed-cum-fertilizer drill facilitates
Saving in seeds 20% Saving in fertilizer 15-20%
Enhancement in cropping intensity 5-22% Increase in gross income 29-49%
Farm Mechanization
Advantages
Sub soiler Disc plough
Mould Board Plough Reversible Mould Board Plough
PRIMARY TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS
Farm Mechanization (Cont.)
ROTAVATOR
POWER HARROW
SECONDARY TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS
Farm Mechanization (Cont.)
Multicrop Tractor drawnRidger Seeder
Farm Mechanization (Cont.)
Automatic Potato Planter in Operation
Tractor drawn AutomaticPotato Planter
Farm Mechanization (Cont.)
Mat type nursery raising in paddy
Farm Mechanization (Cont.)
Self Propelled Power Weeder
Farm Mechanization (Cont.)
Plant Protection Equipments
Foot sprayer Rocking sprayerKnap-sack sprayer
Power mist blower (Sprayer-cum- duster) TD Boom sprayer
Farm Mechanization (Cont.)
Forage Harvesters/Chopper
Reaper Binder
Farm Mechanization (Cont.)
Year Yield (kg/ha)
Rice Maize Wheat Oilseeds
1965-66 862 1005 827 419
1967-68 * 1032* 1123* 1103* 530 *
1975-76 1235 1203 1410 627
1985-86 1552 1146 2046 570
1995-96 1793 1570 2483 851
Green Revolution period – high yielding varieties
introduced-Productivity increased consistently immediately after introduction HYV\ in 1967-68 as compared to traditional varieties in use during 1965-66
3. Use of Seeds of High Yielding Varieties
Use of Seeds of HYV
4. Effective measures for insects, pests and disease control in plants
Weed Control : Weeds compete with crop and may result in 30-40% reduction in crop yield Insect, pest and disease control : Insects, pests & diseases may
result in yield loss upto 50% or more
Insect, Pest & Disease Control – Agro based Industry
5. Encouragement to Agro-based Industryo Production of small irrigation pumps and agricultural equipmento Agro-based industries
- fruit processing and packaging - jams , sauce , vinegar etc.- rice and lentil mills - flour mills- beverages and liquor
6. Green House for Cash Crops
Greenhouses can be used to turn inarable lands into arable lands Key features:
Light and temperature controlled to suit different crops Protect crops from too much heat/cold Keep out pests Used for growing
FlowersVegetablesFruitsTobacco plants
Advantages Yields can be 10-12 times higher than that of out-door cultivation Year round production of certain crops especially flowers Disease free and genetically superior transplants can be produced continuously
Green Houses
7. Watershed Management
Augmenting agricultural productivity throughLocal water harvesting and judicious use of waterSoil moisture conservationImproved crop husbandry
Preventing soil erosion (Soil Conservation) Generating alternative means of livelihood Management by local community
Objectives
Watershed Management
Type of Works Ridge Area Treatment
Contour bunding Bench terracing
Drainage Line Treatment Gully plugs Loose boulder checks Gabion structures
Development of Water harvesting structures
Low cost farm ponds Bunds across local streams Check dams Percolation tanks Groundwater recharge through
wells and bore wells Sub-surface dykes
Bench terracing
Contour bunding
Gully plugs
Check dams
Earthen bunds
Watershed Management (Cont.)
Nursery raising for fodder, fuel, timber and horticulture species Land Development including soil and moisture conservation
Field bunds Contour and graded bunds fortified with plantations Bench terracing in hilly terrain
Bench TerracingGraded bunds Pasture Development
8. Proper Marketing of Agricultural Produce Collection, storage and distribution facilities Road/Rail transport system Linkages with major sea ports Local, regional and material level marketing Policy Reforms in favour of producers, wholesalers and exporters
Proper Marketing, Capacity Building strategy
9. Capacity Building Strategyo Dedicated and decentralized institutional support and
delivery mechanism o Annual Action Plan for Capacity Buildingo Pool of Resource personso Well prepared training modules and reading materialso Mechanism for effective monitoring and follow up.
Strategy for Social Upliftment Expansion of irrigation coverage Augmenting Power generation and distribution
Development of the untapped hydro-power potential Development of power from other sources Rural electrification
Command Area development Control of soil degradation Prevention of drought and desertification
Strengthening Agricultural extension services Creating / strengthening urban and rural
infrastructure Strengthening community based organizations Capacity building through Information, Education and
Communication tools
Need for Integrated Projects from development of water source to marketing of Agriculture Produce
Present Requirement
Growing Recognition of “ PROJECT DEVELOPMENT GAP”
Financing is available, but bankable projects are not
EXPECTATIONS FROM PROJECTS
Balancing private and public sector interests
Transparency and investor confidence
Pursuit of sustainable economic and social benefits
Global financing options
CONSULTANTS QUALIFICATIONS
Experience in emerging markets
Willingness to go “THE EXTRA MILE”
Strategy for Social Upliftment (Cont.)
Project Conceptualizatio
n
Feasibility Study
Detailed Project Report
Construction
Commissioning & O&M
Modernization &
Rehabilitation
STAGES IN PROJECT CYCLE
Reconnaissance Survey &
Preliminary data collection
NEED ANALYSIS
Techno-economic Analysis
Detailed Surveys &
Investigations
Policy Framework &
Support Measures
Socio-cultural & Gender aspects
Institutional & Policy Aspects
Environmental Studies
EIA; EMP & R&R
Baseline SurveysPreparation of
Engineering design and Drawings
Economic and Financial Analysis
Cost Estimates
Construction Drawings
Project Management
Contract ManagementConstruction Supervision
Quality Control
Via
ble
P
roje
ct
Role of Consultant
Policy Studies/Development of Master Plans Pre-investment Studies/Financial Engineering Evaluate Viability and Risks Technology Promotion Catalyst for timely and quality delivery of the Project Confidence of borrower in Project Sustainability Transfer of Technology and Technical Expertise
Can be appointed by
Recommended by Funding Agency to, develop the Project from Concept to Commissioning and appointed by borrowing Govt.
Funding Agency Lender’s Engineer
Borrowing Govt.
Project Developer
Owner’s Engineer
31
WAPCOS- A Profile• Established in June 1969 under the
aegis of Ministry of Water Resources, GOI under Companies Act, 1956 To share India’s experience and expertise in Water
Resources, Power and Infrastructure Development
Provide opportunities for use of Indian Expertise in diverse geographical and climatic conditions with other countries
Facilitate Diplomatic Initiatives to forge long term relations with other developing Countries and contribute in their economic development
To augment endeavours of State and Central agencies by providing total engineering solutions
World Bank
Asian Development Bank
African Development Bank
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
Food and Agriculture Organisation
International Fund for Agriculture Development
United Nations Development Programme
World Health Organisation
Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) Programme
Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)
United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS)
Registration with International Organisations
Supporting Organisations
Central Water Commission
Survey of India (SOI)
Geological Survey of India (GSI)
Central Ground Water Board
(CGWB)
Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR)
Indian Meteorological
Department (IMD)
Central Electricity
Authority (CEA)
Central Water and Power Research
Station (CWPRS)
Central Soil and Materials Research
Station (CSMRS)
AFGHANISTAN ALGERIA ARMENIA BANGLADESH BURKINA FASO BHUTAN BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC CHAD DR CONGO ERITERIA ETHIOPIA FIJI ISLANDS GEORGIA GHANA INDONESIA IRAN
RWANDA SENEGAL SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SRI LANKA SOLOMON
ISLANDS SOUTH AFRICA SUDAN SWAZILAND SYRIA • TAIWAN TANZANIA TOGO UGANDA VIETNAM YEMEN ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE
ONGOING PROJECTS MORE BUSINESS
EXPECTED SHORTLY PROJECTS COMPLETED
IN THE PAST
IRAQ KENYA KOREA LAOS LESOTHO MALAYSIA MALI MAURITIUS MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR• NAMIBIA NEPAL NIGER NIGERIA OMAN PHILIPPINES
Water Resources• Irrigation, Drainage and Water Management• Ground Water Exploration and Minor Irrigation• Flood Control and River Morphology• Water Bodies and Lakes Conservation• Agriculture Including Dry Lands Farming
Power• Hydro Electric Projects• Thermal Power Projects• Transmission & Distribution• Rural Electrification
Infrastructure• Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage• Environmental Engineering• Ports & Harbours and Inland Waterways• Urban and Rural Areas Development• System Studies and Information Technology
Major Fields of Specialisation
Range of Consultancy Services
Route Survey, Uttarakhand
Sewerage Scheme, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
Preliminary Investigations/ Reconnaissance
Feasibility Studies/Planning/Project Formulation
Baseline and Socio-Economic Surveys
Field Investigations and Testing
Engineering Designs, Drawings and Tendering Process
Contract Management and Construction Supervision
Operation and Maintenance
Institutional/Human Resources Development
ExperienceSurvey & Investigation/ Pre-feasibility/Detailed Project Reports for over 300 Projects in Irrigation, Water Resources, Flood Control, Ground Water, Agricultural etc. Contributed in Development of Irrigation Potential of Over 12 Million Ha.
Surveys & Investigation/Detailed Project Reports & Project Management Consultancy for over 200 Projects in Water Supply & Sanitation, IEC, Rural & Urban Development, Roads and Highways Engineering etc.
Surveys & Investigations/
Modelling/Detailed Engineering for over 180 Ports and Inland Navigation Projects
Environmental Impact Assessment Studies for over 200 Projects in India & Abroad in the fields of Irrigation, Hydro Power, Thermal Power, Ports & Harbour, Hospitals etc.
Experience (Contd.)
47 Hydro Power Projects in 17 Countries with an installed capacity of more than 20,000 MW
8 Thermal Power Projects with an installed capacity of more than 2900 MW
17 Transmission Projects
Over 43 Hydro Power Projects with an installed capacity of more than 8000 MW
7 Thermal Power Projects with an installed capacity of more than 11000 MW
Overseas India
POWER SECTORExperience (Contd.)
RECOGNITION
Dr. Manmohan Singh, Hon’ble Prime Minister presenting the Top Performing CPSEs’ “MoU Excellence Award” to Shri R.K. Gupta, CMD, WAPCOS, in the presence of Shri Praful Patel, Hon’ble Minister of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, Government of India. The Award has been instituted by Department of Public Enterprises, Government of India to honour those who performed for India’s growth. The Award was presented in a glittering ceremony held on 31st January, 2012 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
WAPCOS Conferred with Water Awards 2011-2012 Best Consultancy Company Supported by
UNESCO PHD Chamber of Commerce ET Now Water Digest
WAPCOS selected for Engineering Export Promotion Council (EEPC) award under category of Star Performer - Project Export for the year 2010-11
WAPCOS Proposal for Project Identification &
DevelopmentPhase – I (Short Term) Expansion of Minor Irrigation through
• Local Rainwater Harvesting
• Small Storage Reservoirs
Survey and Investigations for
Integrated Water Resources Development with Focus on
Large Irrigation Schemes
Hydropower Development
WAPCOS Proposal for Project Identification &
DevelopmentPhase – I (Short Term) Expansion of Minor Irrigation through
• Local Rainwater Harvesting
• Small Storage Reservoirs
Survey and Investigations for
Integrated Water Resources Development with Focus on
Large Irrigation Schemes
Hydropower Development
Preparation of a Comprehensive Master Plan for
• Irrigation and Agriculture Development
Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building with Focus on
Introduction of High Yielding Variety of Crops
Judicious use of Irrigation Water
Farm Mechanization
Policy and Legislative Reforms to Boost Domestic Market for Agricultural Produce
WAPCOS ProposalPhase I (Short Term) (Contd.)
Phase – II (Medium Term) Construction of Medium
Irrigation Schemes Setting up Small Agricultural
Demonstration Farms Institutional Arrangements for
Agricultural Credit Facilities Construction of Small and
Medium Infrastructure Works
WAPCOS Proposal(Contd.)
Phase – III (Long Term) Construction of Major Multipurpose Schemes Setting up Land and Water Management Institutes and
Agricultural Sciences Centers Construction of Major Infrastructure Development Works
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