A FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ANALYSIS OF SOUNDS
PRODUCED BY THE HUMAN BODY &
DESIGN OF AN UNIQUE ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE
B.HEMA KUMAR
Under the guidance of
Mr.G.BALASUBRAMANIANSenior Lecturer,
Biomedical Signal Processing
&
Instrumentation
SASTRA Deemed university
FES for heart sounds, lung sounds, intestinal sound analysis
Design of an electronic circuit to detect and amplify sounds from human body.
Comparison of electronic stethoscope with conventional stethoscope.
SOFTWARE
Twenty volunteers and twenty patients in each category (for cardiac sounds, lung sounds and intestinal sounds) randomly selected with different age, sex and clinical symptom, who were referred to the outpatient department of a major hospital.
Auscultatory findings were given to the engineer for designing a FES for each category of cases.
Fuzzy expert system design was done using fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB 6.1
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIALS AND METHODS
HARDWARE
The electronic stethoscope was developed under the guidance of an electronic expert.
On a scale of three (1. Good 2. Better 3. Best) the doctors were asked to evaluate the overall performance of both the conventional and electronic stethoscope as per the questionnaire given to them.
STRUCTURE OF FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM
SOUND ANALYSIS
(MAMDANI)
CONDITION
INPUT 1
INPUT 2
INPUT 3
INPUT 4
HEART SOUNDS ANALYSIS
INPUT VARIABLES
Heart sound absence or presence (HSA, HSP)
Intensity (NOR, DEC, INC)
Number of heart sounds heard (L2S, M2S)
Presence or absence of added sounds (ASP,ASA)
Character of the heard sound (NOR, ABN)
OUTPUT VARIABLE
Patient condition (CDN)
DISEASES
PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE
AORTIC STENOSIS
MITRAL STENOSIS
SAMPLE RULE
If (HSP/A is HSP) and (INT is INC) and (CHAR is ABN) then (CDN is MS)
CDN = AORTIC STENOSIS
LUNGS SOUNDS ANALYSIS
INPUT VARIABLES
Breath sound absence or presence (BSA, BSP)
Normal vesicular or Bronchial (NORV, NORB)
Presence or absence of added sounds (ASP,ASA)
If added sounds present (rals or rhonchi) (ASRA, ASRO)
Nature of the heard sound ( tubular or cavernous ) (T, C)
OUTPUT VARIABLE
Patient condition (CDN)
DISEASES
Lung Consolidation
Lung cavity
Lung Parenchymal Disease
Lung Bronchial Disease
SAMPLE RULE
If (BSP/A is BSP) and (ASA/P is ASP) and (ASRA/RO is ASRO) then (CDN is LBD)
CDN =Lung bronchial disease
INTESTINAL SOUNDS ANALYSIS
INPUT VARIABLES
Intestine sound absence or presence (ISA, ISP)
Intensity (NOR, DEC, INC)
Duration (SD, LD)
Site of the heard sound (UA, LA)
OUTPUT VARIABLE
Patient condition (CDN)
DISEASES
PERITONITIS PERFORATION LARGE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION SMALL INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
SAMPLE RULE
If (ISA/P is ISP) and (INT is INC) and (DUR is LD) and (SITE is UA) then (CDN is SIO)
CDN = Small intestinal obstruction
PREAMPLIFIER Amplify low level signals
BUFFER AMPLIFIER Second stage of amplification
FILTER CIRCUIT To suppress whistling sound due to high feedback
MAIN AMPLIFIER TBA 810 versatile audio amplifier
1 Intensity 1 2
2 Number 1 2
3 Opening snap 1 2
4 Murmur 1 2
5 Click 1 2
1 Vesicular 1 2
2 Bronchial breath sound 1 2
3 Added sounds 1 2
1 Intensity 1 2
2 Character 1 2
The paper describes a design of a fuzzy expert system for determination of the possibility of the diagnosis of the abnormal body sounds, which can be used by the doctors with hearing impairment and by the students for learning the sounds.
Developed FES for various body sounds were compared with the clinical data given by the doctor under different clinical settings
The electronic stethoscopes scored over conventional stethoscopes by its better audibility, quality etc.
A good CS cost about Rs 125/- whereas a good ES will cost any where between 7000 to 8000 (About seventy times) whereas ours -- 1500/-
One distinct advantage of ES is its extent of audibility of sounds for in a CS only the examining doctor can hear the sound.
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