“A Change is Gonna’ Come,” Sam Cooke, 1963 I was born by the river in a little tent
Oh and just like the river I've been running ever sinceIt's been a long, a long time comingBut I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will
It's been too hard living but I'm afraid to dieCause I don't know what's up there beyond the skyIt's been a long, a long time comingBut I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will
I go to the movie and I go downtownSomebody keep telling me don't hang aroundIt's been a long, a long time comingBut I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will
Then I go to my brotherAnd I say brother help me pleaseBut he winds up knocking meBack down on my knees
Ohhhhhhhhh.....There been times that I thought I couldn't last for longBut now I think I'm able to carry onIt's been a long, a long time comingBut I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will
Learning Targets
Evaluate the need for a Civil Rights Movement
Describe the non-violent actions of the Civil Rights Movement
Summarize the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement
1880s: Jim Crow Laws
• In response to Civil War Amendments
• Separate but equal is legal
WWI and WWII
• Segregation in the military
WWI Harlem Hell Fighters WWII Tuskegee Airmen
1950s: Conditions in the South
• Separate schools• Unequal treatment• Voting restrictions (poll taxes, literacy tests, intimidation)• Violence (lynchings, KKK, i.e. Emmet Till)
(images next slide)
“Separate but Equal” Schools?
Vs.
White School African American School
Photographs used in the Brown Vs. Board of Education case
White Board Moment
Summarize in 5 words or less why there was a need for a civil rights movement.
1954: Brown Vs. Board of Education
• Ruled that separate schools are NOT equal
• Many Southern states refused to integrate (i.e. Little Rock)
"I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." Governor of Alabama George Wallace, Inaugural address, Jan. 14, 1963
1956: Montgomery Bus Boycott
• Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat
• NAACP and MLK, Jr. organized• Successful after one year
Rosa Park’s Arrest
MLK, Jr.
1960: Sit-Ins
• Blacks refused to leave “whites only” Woolworths counter• Non-violent method spreads
Original “sit-in” in Greensboro Idea spreads across the South
Whiteboard Moment
Civil Disobedience: Sit Ins
Review the instructions for the Sit-Ins.Which of these would be the most difficult to follow?
1961: Freedom Rides
Sponsored by C.O.R.E. (Congress for Racial Equality)
Tested Supreme Court decision
Blacks and whites rode buses together
1963: March on Washington
• Demonstration to support Civil Rights bill
• Martin Luther King Jr. “I Have a Dream”
1964: Voting Rights Drive
• “Freedom Summer” organized by students• Helped blacks to register to vote
White Board Moment
In one word, describe the civil rights movement.
In one word, describe the reaction by some white southerners to the civil rights movement.
1964: Civil Rights Act
• Outlawed discrimination in hiring• Ended segregation in public places
MLK planning the march to support the act LBJ signing the act
1964: 24th Amendment
• Banned poll taxes
1965: Voting Rights Act
• Ended literacy tests
White Board Moment
What do you think was the most important accomplishment of the Civil Rights Movement? Why?
Reflection
After reading the primary sources, answer the following in your notebook:
1. Summarize the method of civil disobedience.
2. What was the purpose of using civil disobedience in protest?
3. How effective do you think civil disobedience was in the Civil Rights Movement?
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