Corporate Presentation
15-3-2016 Zero-Emission Public Transport 2
Agenda
VDL Groep• Organization• Facts & Figures
VDL Bus & Coach• E-worker• Projects• Citea E-program• Strategy VDL
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Organization
Buses & CoachesFinished products Car assemblySubcontracting
• Metalworking• Plastics processing• Mechatronic systems
& system supply• Surface treatment
• Coaches• Public Transport buses• Mini & midi buses• Special projects• Chassis & chassis
modules• Used vehicles• Parts & services
• Automotive;suspension systems
• Heat exchangers• Production automation
systems• Systems for the
agricultural sector• Sunbeds and roof
boxes
• Container handlingsystems
• Cigar-making andpackaging machines
• Systems for theindustrial sector
• Production of passengercars for third parties
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OrganizationVDL in the year 2016
• 88 companies
• 19 countries
• Export 77%
• 1,200,000 m2 production area
• 10,623 employees
• Turnover 2,7 Billion Euros
The E-worker
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Zero-Emission Public Transport:
• VDL Experience
• Strategy VDL
• Citea-E program
• Conclusions
Content
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VDL experiences - past
Trolley
Diesel Parallel Hybrid
FC-H2 Serial Hybrid
Serial Hybrid Diesel Serial Hybrid (automatic container mover)
Battery Bus Trolley
More than 10 years and 20 million kilometres with E-drives in12 m to 26 m (Public) Transport
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VDL - experience already with 31 Citeas
15 of SLF-120 Electric with opportunity charge
8 of SLFA-181 Electric with opportunity chargeDelivered 10/2015
120 of SLF-120 hybrids
5 of SLF-120 Electric with opportunity chargeDelivered 4/20151 of SLF-120 Electric with long range
1 of SLF-120 Electric with long range
1 of SLF-120 Electric with long range
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VDL Bus & Coach is going todeliver approximately 40 CiteasSLFA Electric for the Zuidoost-Brabant concession inNetherland.
For the first phase of thecontract, delivery of the isplanned for December 2016.
VDL experiences – upcoming 40 more
BRT Design
Product Innovation
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Why? Operational demands supports it
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Why? Technical motivation
Important improvements:• Efficiency
• Weight and volume
• Performance
• Costs
Promising developments:• Renewable energy sources
• Charging equipment
• Energy storage equipment
• Energy users (efficiency) e.g. LED lights
Pic: Nils-Olof Nylund, VTT
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Why? Economical motivation
TCO: Zero-Emission PT < Conventional PT within 5 years• Price of fossil energy sources are unstable
• Price of sustainable energy sources are decreasing
• Price of charging equipment, batteries & auxiliaries are decreasing
• Capital investment vs Operational investment
Diesel Electric
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Zero-Emission Public Transport:
• VDL Experience
• Strategy VDL
• Citea-E program
• Conclusions
Content
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General• TCO: Zero-Emission PT < Conventional PT within 5 years (depends on system and scale)
• Modular system
• For the European market
• For city use (SORT1 & SORT2)
• VDL ETS (Enabling Transport Solutions)
Three important ingredients
• Efficient Electrical bus
• Energy storage / source
• Charging principle
Strategy VDL
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Operation, how in 2016 - 2018
1.100% Zero Emission – Sort 1
Full Electric
2.Low Emission – Sort 2
(plug-in) Hybrid, low weight
3. High efficiency – Sort 3
Low weight, fuel efficient,biofuels
Roadmap for VDL
Operation, goal 2018 =>
1.100% Zero Emission - Sort 1
Full Electric
2.Low Emission - Sort 2
Full Electric / (plug-in) Hybrid
3. High efficiency - Sort 3
Fuel cell / Hybrid
Note: hybrid solution is other than ICE
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Zero-Emission Public Transport:
• VDL Experience
• Strategy VDL
• Citea-E program
• Conclusions
Content
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Solution - Citea Electric range 2016
SLF-120 Hybrid (BRT)
SLF-120 Electric (BRT)
SLF-180 Electric (BRT)
Heat pump, all electric (incl. doors,), BRT design
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Citea SLFA Electric – Köln
Technical specifications
Total length 18,150 mm
Total width 2,550 mm
Total height (incl. skirts) 3,300 mm
Number of passengers approx. 140
Electric motor
Manufacturer Siemens
Model 1DB2022
Power 240 kW 320 HK)
Nominal torque 2,000 Nm
Maximum torque 3,800 Nm
Battery
Manufacturer Akasol
Model Akasystem
Technology Lithium Ion Nano NMC
Capacity 122 kWh
Charging System
Manufacturer Schunk
Model Smart Charging
Technology Pantograph System
Maximum voltage 750 V
Charging power 250 kW
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Available driveline configurations
• Siemens
• Ziehl-Abegg
- Hybrid version- Central electric motor- Modular & with normal rear axle- Flexible to articulated vehicles- Deliverable in 210 & 240kW power
- Wheel hub motors- No mechanical drive line- High efficiency- “zero” noise- Higher investment
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Battery package – tailor made solutions
VDL works with several battery suppliers
• modularity is important
• still new developments
• prices fluctuating
• depending on operational demandsfast/slow charging, capacity
Battery brands used today (LTO or LFP)• Akasol• Durapower• Other brands are possible as well
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1. Energy storage for slow charging• Plug-in (e.g. depot charge during night)
Charging systems
2. Energy storage for fast charging• Trolley / pantograph (inverted)
• + 600V and 400A• Automatic plug-in• Induction
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Depot charging – Heliox
Connection system- Combo2
Charger- Heliox- 700 V DC- 40/80/100/120 kW- CCS
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Fast charging – Schunk/Heliox and Siemens
Connection system- Schunk pantograph / Siemens inverted- 4-pole- roof mounted
Charger- Heliox 200 – 600 kW- Siemens 50/300/450 kW- CCS, Mode 4
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Fast charging - ABB
Connection system- Inverted pantograph- 4-pole- roof mounted (bars)
Charger- ABB- 150/300/450 kW- CCS, Mode 4
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VDL, Solaris, Volvo and Irizar agreeson an open interface for charging
• The agreement is made to ensure the interoperability of electric buseswith charging infrastructure provided by ABB, Heliox and Siemens viaopen interface
• The open interface will be opened-up for all market participants and willbe used for electric buses with opportunity charging and for overnightcharged electric buses
• The public transport community is preparing for electric buses in Europeand standardization activities have started via the European body (CEN-CENELEC) and via the international organization for standardization(ISO/IEC)
• European standards are expectedto come in place 2019 andinternational standards in 2020
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Charging concepts for electric busesChargingconcept
Infrastructurecosts
Vehiclecosts
Operation costs Concept feasibility
1. Overnightcharging in the
depot
Low, Chargersonly in the depot
High,Expensive
battery
High, low batterylifetime, high energy
consumption
Possible indemonstrational phase,
good in small fleet,high flexibility
2. Overnightcharging + fastcharging during
the day
Moderate,Chargers both in
the depot andterminals
Additional costsfor parking while
charging?
Moderate,slightlysmaller
batteries
Moderate–high,slightly longer
battery lifetime,additional costs ifextra buses anddrivers needed
Possible indemonstrational phase,
parking space in busterminals limits in wider
scale use
3. Opportunitycharging
(automatichigh-powercharging)
High, expensivecharging
systems interminals
Moderate,small battery,
expensivetechnology
depending onsystem
Low, no changes intonormal busoperations
Feasible only as a largesystem where there areenough vehicles to take
advantage of theinvestment,
more than 10 ebusesChart: VTT
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Zero-Emission Public Transport:
• Strategy VDL
• Citea-E program
• Conclusions
Content
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ConclusionsDevelopments should be based on:
o Modularity
o To follow future developments
o To go from pilots to operational deployment creating Electric Public Transport Fleets
o Standardisation for charging is on its way to support interoperability
o Public Transport at cities
o Reducing TCO
o Disconnect Vehicle from Energy-storage + Energy costs
o Business Models – Public Transport (city traffic) – HIGH IMPACT ON FUTURE
o Opportunity charge & shorter range (but enabling 24/7 service)
o Overnight charge & longer range
o Stakeholders point-of-view
o City
o PTA
o Infrastructure
o Utility / Grid
o Vehicle supplier
o Operator Pic: VTT
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THANK YOU!
ANY QUESTIONS?
Sami Ojamo, Director E-mobility Nordics, [email protected]
depot
feeding station
works
feeders
power transfert
Pic: Transamo
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