8/16/2019 Chemistry Investigatory Project: Elevation in Boiling Point
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To study the efect o various solutes on the
elevation o boiling point o water |CHEMISTR
Y INVESTIGATO! "O#E$T
Name: Joydeep Naskar
Class: XII- Science
Roll:
School: Kendriya Vidyalaya,
IIM Joka
Session: 20!-"
8/16/2019 Chemistry Investigatory Project: Elevation in Boiling Point
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IN%E&S'
No'
Title
( Acknowledgement
) Certifcate
* Introduction
+
Experiment-Aim
-Material re!uired
-"#er$ation
-Reult
,' %i#liograp&'
8/16/2019 Chemistry Investigatory Project: Elevation in Boiling Point
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Acknowledgement
I would like to t&ank t&e C%SE( )or
pro$iding me t&e opportunit' tocarr' out t&i in$etigator'pro*ect+ I alo take t&iopportunit' to expre m' inceregratitude to m' C&emitr'
teac&er( -r' Anwar .l /a0ue1"GT $he2istry( )or guiding meand imparting a ound #ae o)knowledge pertaining to t&i topicw&ic& enured t&e ucce)ul
completion o) t&i pro*ect+ I wouldalo like to t&ank &im )orunending aitance to ena#lecompletion o) t&e exercie+
8/16/2019 Chemistry Investigatory Project: Elevation in Boiling Point
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$ETI3I$ATE
T&i i to &ere#' certi)' t&at t&eoriginal and genuinein$etigator' pro*ect &a #eencompleted incerel' andati)actoril' #' #oydeepNas4ar o) cla &II 5 Sc'
6endriyaVidyalaya II-#o4a1
8/16/2019 Chemistry Investigatory Project: Elevation in Boiling Point
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6ol4ata( regarding &i pro*ecttitled ,To study the efect o
various solutes on theelevation o boiling point owater7 a per t&e C%SEpractical work re!uirement )or
t&e eion ./0-./1+
#eacher$s Si%na&'re ()aminer$s Si%na&'re
What Is Boiling Point?
#he &empera&'re a& *hich +apo'r press're o a li'id .ecomese'al &o i&s e)&ernal press're is called .oilin% poin&/
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Why addition of non-volatile solute increases boiling
point?
#he +apo'r press're o &he sol'&ion decreases 'pon addi&ion
o non-+ola&ile sol'&e, accordin% &o Raol&$s a*/ 1ence, .oilin% poin& o &he sol'&ion increases/
#he increase in .oilin% poin& o a li'id *hen a non-+ola&ile
sol'&e is added in i& is called .oilin% poin& ele+a&ion/
T&e fgure &ow t&e $apourpreure cur$e )or t&epure li!uid ol$ent and t&eolution+ At t&e temperature T#(t&e $apour preure o) t&e pureol$ent
8/16/2019 Chemistry Investigatory Project: Elevation in Boiling Point
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#ecome e!ual to t&eatmop&eric preure 2 and T# i
t&e#oiling point o) t&e ol$ent+ %utt&e $apour preure o) t&etwo olution / and at T# i 2/ and 2 repecti$el'( w&ic& are le
t&an atmop&eric preure andt&ere)ore it i needed to &eat t&eol$ent to a &ig&er temperaturea' T/ and T )or olution / and repecti$el' in order t&at t&e
$apour preure #ecome e!ual tot&e atmop&eric preure+ T&u T/ and T are t&e #oiling point o) t&eolution / and repecti$el'+T&u it i clear t&at t&e olution
&a &ig&er#oiling point t&an t&e pure ol$entor T#+E$identl' 3T/- T#4and 3T -T#4 aret&e ele$ation in #oiling point o)olution / and repecti$el'+
8/16/2019 Chemistry Investigatory Project: Elevation in Boiling Point
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Since it magnitude i determined#' t&e $apour preure lowering
t&e ele$ation in #oiling point i
alo proportional to oluteconcentration+
5rom 3/4 and 34(
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6&ere( 7 # i t&e molal ele$ationcontant or molal e#ulliocopiccontant+
It i !uite clear )rom t&e a#o$e
dicuion t&at we can calculatemolecular ma o) olute #'meauring t&e ele$ation in #oilingpoint o) a olution and ele$ationin #oiling point i a colligati$e
propert'+
AIM
8/16/2019 Chemistry Investigatory Project: Elevation in Boiling Point
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#o s&'dy &he eec& o +ario's sol'&es on &he
ele+a&ion o .oilin% poin& o *a&er
MA!"#IA$% #"&'I#"(/'nsen .'rner 2/ #ripod s&and
3/ 4ire mesh 5/ 2!0ml lask
!/ 6lass s&irrer "/ #hermome&er
7/ Sol'&es 'nder in+es&i%a&ion
8/ #ap 4a&er
P#)*"('#"
/ Se& 'p &he appara&'s 'sin% a 2!0ml .eaker
con&ainin% 200ml o &he e)perimen&al sol'&ion/
8/16/2019 Chemistry Investigatory Project: Elevation in Boiling Point
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2/ 9'& &he .eaker on a &ripod s&and *i&h a *ire mesh
and 'se a 'nsen .'rner &o hea& &he sol'&ion
3/ celes&ial &hermome&er cali.ra&ed 'p &o 0;C is
immersed in &he sol'&ion in &he .eaker *i&h &hehelp o a clamp s&and/
5/ #he ini&ial &empera&'re &aken .eore s&ar&in% &he
e)perimen& *as considered as &he room
&empera&'re/
!/ & irs&, ind &he .oilin% poin& o &ap *a&er/ #his
&empera&'re is &aken as &he s&andard .oilin% poin&o &he sol'&ion/
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"/ No*, prepare &hree dieren& concen&ra&ions o
NaCl and .oil 2!0ml o each one .y one in &he
.eaker/
7/ #ake &he readin%s o &he &empera&'re a&er e+ery 20
seconds8/ &er <0 seconds, &ake &he readin%s a&er e+ery 0
seconds in order &o easily ind o'& &he conc'rren&
res'l&/
</ Repea& &he proced're similarly or dieren&
concen&ra&ions o %l'cose and &ake &he o.ser+a&ions
accordin%ly/
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)B%"#+A!I),
!he boiling point of tap water as solvent is found to be ./0*
eas& co'n& o &hermome&er: 0/=C #a.le or ele+a&ion in .oilin% poin&:
Mass of
solute
1grams2
Molal concentration
1moles3kg2
Measured
temperature of b.p.
10*2
"levation in b.p. from
e4periment
10*2
5or ,a*l
0/2! <</8 0/!
0/2! 00/2 0/<
0/! 00/7 /5
/0 02/ 2/8
5or 6lucose
0/2! <</5 0/
0/2! 00/" /3
0/! 0/ /8
/0 0/2 /<
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#"%'$! 7 *),*$'%I),
>n increasin% &he concen&ra&ion, &he .oilin% poin& o
NaCl and %l'cose increases/
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(I%*'%%I), A,( %)'#*"% )5 "##)#
#he &*o e)perimen&s *ere no& cond'c&ed sim'l&aneo'sly and
d'e &o non-a+aila.ili&y o dis&illed *a&er, &ap *a&er *as also'sed/ Moreo+er, d'e &o prolon%ed hea&in%, some o &he
sol'&ion e+apora&es .rin%in% a.o'& a chan%e in &he ac&'al
concen&ra&ions/ So i& can .e s'%%es&ed &ha& increase in ./p is
dependen& only on &he n'm.er o moles o sol'&e and no& on
&he na&'re o &he sol'&e *he&her i& is NaCl or %l'cose/ lso, NaCl dissocia&es in&o ions Na? and Cl-, %i+in% rise &o &*o ions
rom one 'ni&/#he dierence .e&*een &heore&ical predic&ions and
e)perimen&ally o'nd +al'es can .e a&&ri.'&ed &o e)perimen&al
errors as e)perimen& *as no& cond'c&ed in con&rolled
la.ora&ory condi&ions/
I& is pro+ed &ha& *hen a non-+ola&ile sol'&e is added &o a
+ola&ile sol+en&, &he ./p/ o &he sol+en& increases/ lso, &his
increase in ./p is no& dependen& on &he na&'re o &he sol'&e .'&depends only on &he n'm.er o moles o &he sol'&e/ #h's, &hisele+a&ion in ./p/ is a colli%a&i+e proper&y/
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BIBI$)6#PA89
8ariou #ook and we#ite werere)erred w&ile making t&i pro*ect9
/4 C&emitr' Text#ook )or cla :II( 2art-
I( ;CERT
4 C&emitr' <a#orator' Manual )or
cla :II( ;CERT
=4 6ikipedia+org
>4 Connect?Edu
04 Youtu#e+com
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