•79. DNA Notebook Check•80. Genetics Unit Cover – title & 5 colorful pictures•81. Reproduction•82. The Order of Mitosis•83. Mitosis Lab•84. Meiosis Notes•85. Comparing Meiosis vs. Mitosis•86. Cell Reproduction Review•87. Regulating the Cell Cycle•88. Why Variation Occurs•89. Cell Reproduction Crossword•90. Progress Report #5•91. Cell Reproduction Notebook Check
• Next class - Cell Reproduction Quiz• 2/27 thru 3/7 - Castle Learning Extra Credit• 3/1 & 3/2 – –Progress Reports due back signed, –Notebook check signatures (#79)–Notebook Checks for 79 – 91–CMS assessment
• 3/3 & 3/4 – Chapter 11 Reading Guide due• 3/8 TUESDAY 8 am - DNA OR Cell
Reproduction Quiz retakes• 3/11 - Honors Assignment Due• 3/16 & 17 - Vocabulary Quiz 7a (sept – toxico)
IMPORTANT DATES!!!
ASEXUAL SEXUAL
Reproduction#81
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTIONRequires only one parent/cellOffspring genetically identical to
parent cellTypes:
Fission/BuddingFragmentationRegeneration
Advantages: inability to move/mate, high production/low cost, very little change occurs
DEFINETHESE!
• Why do we need our somatic cells to reproduce?–Organisms grow because they have MORE cells– Tissue Repair
• Parent cell turns into 2 daughter cells
• DNA replicates and is evenly distributed to new cells• THE CELL CYCLE– Interphase: preparing for mitosis • cell growth and DNA and organelle replication occur
–Mitosis: NUCLEAR DIVISION, 4 stages: • prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
– Cytokinesis: DIVISION OF CYTOPLASM• I put macaroni above the counter
CELL DIVISION a form of asexual reproduction
video
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION• Requires two parents/cells• Offspring has a mix of genes• GAMETES = sex cells (sperm, egg)–Contain only 23 chromosomes (SOMATIC cells
contain 46 chromosomes)• Sperm + Egg = ZYGOTE –(all living things start out as one cell)
• FERTILIZATION = when sperm & egg meet• MEIOSIS – how your body makes sperm cells
and eggs cells
THE ORDER OF MITOSIS•DNA replicates•Cell grows•Cell duplicates its organelles
ANAPHASE
PROPHASE
CYTOKINESIS
INTERPHASE
TELOPHASE
• In plants• In animals
CYTOKINESIS
• Process of making sex cells (gametes)• Involves TWO cell divisions (meiosis I &
II)• Reduces the # of chromosomes in a cell• Makes HAPLOID cells(containing 23
chromosomes) = n• Somatic Cells = DIPLOID = containing
46 chromosomes = 2nEach chromosome has a “partner”
called a homologous chromosome (23 pairs)
These homologs contain the same “type” of information, but not identical
MEIOSIS #84
Homologous PairsHomologous pairs have
regions that code for the same genes (hair color)
Sister chromatids are exact replicas to each other
Mom donates B for brown hair Dad
donates b
for blonde
hair
• Spermatogenesis – creation of sperm cells through meiosis–Occurs in testes–Creates 4 sperm cells–Begins at puberty, ends at death–Takes 7 weeks to complete
• Oogenesis – creation of egg cells through meiosis–Occurs in ovaries–Creates 1 egg cell (matures monthly)
and 3 leftover cells–Begins before birth, ends menopause
1. Cells at the edges of injuries…2. When the healing process nears completion, those rapidly
dividing cells…3. Cyclins are a group of proteins that…4. Internal regulators are…5. External regulators are…6. Cell growth is regulated so carefully because…7. Cancer is…8. Cancer cells [do/do not] respond to the signals that
regulate the cell growth.9. Create a 3-step flowchart about how cancer forms.10.Why can cancer be considered a disease of the cell cycle?
Regulating the Cell Cycle #87
Pg. 250 in
text
1. Cells at the edges of injuries…2. When the healing process nears completion, those rapidly
dividing cells…3. Cyclins are a group of proteins that…4. Internal regulators are…5. External regulators are…6. Cell growth is regulated so carefully because…7. Cancer is…8. Cancer cells [do/do not] respond to the signals that
regulate the cell growth.9. Create a 3-step flowchart about how cancer forms.10.Why can cancer be considered a disease of the cell cycle?
Regulating the Cell Cycle #87
Pg. 250 in
text
Cancer forms when…
Cells do not
respond to
cyclins
These “cancer”
cells divide
uncontrollably and
create tumors
Cancer cells may
break loose from
those tumors
and disrupt normal
activities of the body
• Crossing Over during meiosis I – homologs swap genetic material
Why Variation Occurs #88
video
• Random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis– Gametes get different alleles of
genes• Gene Mutations• Fertilization (certain sperm + certain
egg)• Non-Disjunction…
• Non-Disjunction… chromosomes don’t separate properly
during meiosis (anaphase I) Trisomy = 3 chromosomes in pair
DISORDER
GENOTYPE
SYMPTOMS
Turner Syndrome
45 chromos,Missing sex chromos, X0
Female, sterile, short, thick neck
KlinefelterSyndrome
47 chromos,Extra sex
chrom, XXY
Male, sterile, tall, feminine shape, low testosterone
Down Syndrome
47 chromos,Trisomy 21,
XX or XY
Flat face, stout body, eye slant, mental disability
PatauSyndrome
47 chromosTrisomy 13,
XX or XY
90% die within 3 days, cleft lip,
polydactyl, severe mental
disability
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