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Chapter 14
Understandingand Using
Standardized
Tests
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./er/iew
Standardized tests
Using standardized tests
for accountability purposes:
#igh1sta2es testing
Standardized testing and technology
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"haracteristics of standardized tests
)esigned by people with specialized 2nowledge and
training in test construction
4/ery person who ta2es the test responds to the same
items under the same conditions
The answers are e/aluated according to the same
scoring standards
The scores are interpreted through comparison to the
scores obtained from a group that too2 the same test
under the same conditions or through comparison to a
predetermined standard
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"riteria for e/aluating standardized tests
5eliability , Stability in test performance
Validity , Test accuracy
, "ontent /alidity6 predicti/e /alidity6 construct /alidity
7ormed e!cellence , 7orm group representation compared to the general
population
4!aminee appropriateness , Appropriateness for a particular group of students
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Validity
"ontent /alidity e/idence
, #ow well a test9s items reflect a particular body of
2nowledge and s2ill
redicti/e /alidity e/idence
, #ow well a test predicts a student9s future
beha/ior
"onstruct /alidity e/idence , #ow well a test measures some internal attribute
of a person
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Types of standardized tests
Achie/ement tests
, 5e/eal how much of a sub;ect or s2ill has
been learned Aptitude tests
, 5e/eal how much 2nowledge and s2ill a
student could ac
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Types of achie/ement tests
Assesses one9s competence in selectedbasic s2ill areas> often ta2en to graduate'
"ompetency test
Single1sub;ect test designed to identify
specific strengths and wea2nesses'
)iagnostic test
Assesses how much one has learned in
multiple school sub;ects'
Achie/ement battery
Assesses how much one has learned in a
particular school sub;ect'
Single1sub;ect
achie/ement test
DescriptionType of Test
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7orm1referenced tests
and criterion1referenced tests
7orm1referenced test
, Test where one9s performance is e/aluated
with reference to a norming group "riterion1referenced test
, Test where one9s performance is e/aluated
with reference to some standard orcriterion
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@nterpreting standardized test scores
rade e
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The normal probability cur/e
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5elationship among z scores6
T scores6 and percentile ran2s
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ercentage of cases
in each Stanine
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What is high1sta2es testingB
#igh sta2es testing isC
using standardized test scores6 either by
themsel/es or in con;unction with other data6 todetermine whether students get promoted to the
ne!t grade or graduate from high school6
whether teachers and administrators recei/e
financial rewards or demotions6 and whetherschool districts recei/e additional state funds or
lose their accreditation'
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"urrent status
of high1sta2es testing
Type of test used $4ducation Wee2
on the Web6 -00%&
, +0 states use criterion1referenced testsin 4nglish
, 3+ states use criterion1referenced tests
in math
, 5emaining states use norm1referenced
tests in these sub;ects
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"urrent status
of high1sta2es testing
Use of test scores $4ducation Wee2 on the Web6
-00%& , %% states hold schools accountable for student learning solely
on the basis of students9 test scores , -0 states pro/ide financial rewards to schools whose students
perform at an acceptable le/el
, %+ states can close6 restaff6 or o/erhaul schools with low test
scores
, %8 states re
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roblems with high1sta2es
testing programs
The place of tests in educational reform
"haracteristics of standardized tests
5elationship of tests to state standards
Dreadth of assessment
Use of test results to support remediation
Use of test results to support impro/ements in
instruction
@mpact on curriculum and instructional methods
4ffects on students
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Standardized testing
and technology
Using technology to prepare students for
assessments
Using technology to assess masteryof standards , e'g'6 American "ollege Testing $A"T&> ro;ect 4ssay
rade $4&
"omputer adapti/e testing $"AT& , computers determine se
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4nd of
Chapter 14Understanding
and Using
StandardizedTests
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