7 Genetics, population genetics and evolutionary processes

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Passage of information from parent to offspring16.1 16.2

Variation17.1

The role of genes in determining the phenotype

17.2 Natural and artificial selection

17.3 Evolution

Genetic inheritance

Evolution

parents

offspring

homologouspairs of

chromosomes diploid haploid

CGT T AA

CCT T AA

mutation

A aAa

AA AaAa aa

A C G T T A

T G C A A T

gene locus allele

continuous discontinuous

A B AB O

environmental

milk

yiel

d

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Hardy–Weinbergprinciple

Variation

Evolution

KC 1 KC 2 KC 3 KC 4 KC 5Key: KC 6

KCKC

KC KC

KC