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Vlbt 8. Ymf Otenspmfrf oli Myirnspmfrf
?. Ymf otenspmfrf
;. Ymf bepnrtoljf
nh tmfotenspmfrf
:. Ymf myirnspmfrf
9. Ymf bepnrtoljf
nh wotfrBFZ H[OR @VBZ IF @FÚL
Iptn. Jbfljbos Loturo`fsWrnh. Ïlcf` Xbÿos Zol Lorjbsn
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?. Ymf otenspmfrfo) Ymf jnepnsbtbnl nh tmf otenspmfrf1
‚
Ifhblbtbnl1 tmf otenspmfrf bs tmf h`ubi nutfr `oyfr tmotsurrnulis tmf Fortm.
‚ Jnepnsbtbnl1 lbtrncfl (3=%), nxycfl (;?%) oli ntmfrcosfs sujm os orcnl (7,2:%), jorknl ibnxbif (7,7::%),
nznlf… oli wotfr vopnur (up tn 9%)
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k) Ymf strujturf nh tmf otenspmfrf1 ojjnriblc tn tmfvorbotbnls nh tmf tfepfroturf wbtm rfspfjt tn o`tbtuif
?. Yrnpnspmfrf1
• O`tbtuif1 7 ‚ ?; de
• Jnepnsbtbnl1 jnltobls tmf =7% nh tmf obr nh tmf otenspmfrf
• Sfotmfr njjurs mfrf;. Ztrotnspmfrf1
• O`tbtuif1 ?; ‚ 67 de
• Jnepnsbtbnl1 jnltobls tmf nznlf `oyfr tmot oksnrks u`trovbn`ftroibotbnl nh tmf Zul
• Ymbs bs o vfry stok`f `oyfr
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:. Efsnspmfrf1
• O`tbtuif1 67 ‚ =7 de
• Ymbs bs tmf jn`ifst port nh tmf otenspmfrf
9. Ymfrenspmfrf1
• O`tbtuif1 < =7 de
•
Jnepnsbtbnl1 jnltobls hfw cosfs, kut bt oksnrks fxtrfef`ymorehu` sn`or roibotbnl.
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j) Ymf wfotmfr oli j`beotf1
┇ Otenspmfrbj wfotmfr1
• Ifhblbtbnl1 Bt bs tmf stotf nh tmf otenspmfrf ot ojfrtobl tbef oli ot o jfrtobl p`ojf.
• Bt bs ifsjrbkfi bl tfres nh sul, robl, j`nuis, hrnst,
tfepfroturf, wbli… • Eftfnrn`ncbsts todf o`` tmf lfjfssory efosurfeflts
tn prfibjt tmf wfotmfr ot o jfrtobl p`ojf.
┇ J`beotf1
• Ifhblbtbnl1 bt bs o sft nh eftfnrn`ncbjo` pmflneflowmbjm jmorojtfrbzf o jfrtobl rfcbnl hnr o `nlc pfrbninh tbef.
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• Bt bs iftfreblfi ky `otbtuif, prnxbebty tn tmf sfo,o`tbtuif oli njfol jurrflts…
• Bt bs ifsjrbkfi bl tfres nh tfepfroturf oliprfjbpbtotbnls.
‚ Eftfnrn`ncbjo` blstrueflts1
•
Ymfy orf usfi tn efosurf otenspmfrbj pmflneflo.• Ymf enst bepnrtolt nlfs orf1
o) Korneftfr1 bt efosurfs tmf otenspmfrbj prfssurf
k) Mycrneftfr1 muebibtyj) W`uvbneftfr1 vn`uef nh ̀ bqubi prfjbpbtotbnl
i) Olfeneftfr1 wbli spffi
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Korneftfr
W`uvbneftfr
Mycrneftfr
Olfeneftfr
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i) Otenspmfrbj iyloebjs1
‚ Otenspmfrbj prfssurf1 tmbs bs tmf hnrjf fxfrtfi ky tmf
wfbcmt nh tmf obr nl tmf Fortm‒s surhojf. ‚ Smot orf wblis>1
• Smfl obr cfts mnt bts en`fju`fs sprfoi oli tmf obrrbsfs, `fovblc o `nw prfssurf orfo nl tmf Fortm‒s
surhojf.
• Jn`i obr bs vfry iflsf oli bt ifsjflis, jneprfssblctmf obr kflfotm, wmbjm prniujfs ol orfo nh mbcm
prfssurf.• Obr envfs hrne orfos nh mbcm prfssurf tn `nw prfssurf
orfos, prniujblc o jbrju`otbnl nh obr tmot wf jo`` wbli.
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;. Ymf bepnrtoljf nh tmf otenspmfrfo) Yfepfroturf rfcu`otbnl1
‚ Ifhblbtbnl1 tmbs bs tmf woy tmf otenspmfrf ovnbi fxtrfeftfepfroturfs nl tmf Fortm.
‚ Ymf crfflmnusf fhhfjt jousfs tmf tfepfroturf
rfcu`otbnl1• Zurhojf mfotblc1 iurblc tmf ioy, sn`or roibotbnl
pflftrotfs tmf otenspmfrf oli mfots tmf Fortm‒s
surhojf.
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• Febssbnl nh mfot1 tmf mfotfi crnuli cbvfs kojd portnh tmf mfot, wmbjm jnn`s inwl tmf crnuli.
• Mfot oksnrptbnl1 tmf trnpnspmfrf‒s cosfs (JN; oliwotfr vopnur)oksnrk tmf mfot oli bljrfosf tmf obr‒s
tfepfroturf
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‚ Ymf otenspmfrf os o smbf`i
• Ymf hb`tfr fhhfjt1 snef otenspmfrbj cosfs oksnrk tmf
morehu` (tn `bhf) sn`or roibotbnl (u`trovbn`ft, ] olicoeeo roys) oli trolshnre bt bltn mfot.
• Ymf hrbjtbnl wbtm tmf otenspmfrf jousfs tmffxtrotfrrfstrbo` rnjds tn kurl up oli ibsbltfcrotf kfhnrf
tnujmblc tmf crnuli.
‚ Ymf otenspmfrf bs fssfltbo` hnr `bvblc nrcolbses
• Wmntnsyltmftbj nrcolbses usf JN; tn eodf tmfbr
lutrbflts. O`enst o`` `bvblc tmblcs usf N; tn krfotmf.• Ymf crfflmnusf fhhfjt jousfs tmf p`olft‒s tfepfroturf
tn kf oifquotf hnr `bhf.
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:. Ymf myirnspmfrf
o) Ymf jnepnsbtbnl nh tmf myirnspmfrf1
‚ Ifhblbtbnl1 tmf myirnspmfrf bs tmf eoss nh wotfr tmothnres tmf surhojf nh tmf Fortm.
‚ Jnepnsbtbnl1 wotfr bs bts ulbquf jnepnuli oli bs
fssfltbo` hnr `bhf. Ymf wotfr en`fju`f (M;N) bs eoif nh ;otnes nh myirncfl, M, oli ? otne nh nxycfl, N.
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k) Ymf spfjbo` prnpfrtbfs nh wotfr1
‚ Smfl wotfr bs mfotfi hrne 7± J tn 9± J, bt jnltrojts olibts iflsbty ibeblbsmfs. Ymf iflsbty nh bjf bs `nwfr tmoltmot nh wotfr, sn bjf h`nots nl wotfr oli bjf njjupbfs
enrf vn`uef.
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‚ Sotfr bs o cnni sn`vflt1
• Sotfr portbj`fs bltfrojt wbtm tmf portbj`fs nh ntmfrjnepnlflts, eodblc tmfe sfporotf, oli ibssn`vf.
• Sotfr jol ibssn`vf o`enst fvfrytmblc fxjfpt nb`s1
cosfs (nxycfl, hnr hbsm krfotmblc), `bqubis (o`jnmn`)oli sn`bis (eblfro` so`ts hnr p`olts)
• Ymf k`nni bs o sn`utbnl nh cosfs (N;, JN;) olilutrbflts oli rfsbiufs.
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‚ Sotfr oli mfot1
• Sotfr infs lnt cft mnt nr jn`i fosb`y oli qubjd`y. Btlffis `nts nh flfrcy tn mfot up oli bt o`sn lffis tn`nsf o `nt nh flfrcy tn jnn` inwl.
•
Sotfr mos o vfry mbcm spfjbhbj mfot1 bt lffis o `nt nhflfrcy tn bljrfosf bts tfepfroturf ky nlf ifcrff.
• Bepnrtoljf hnr `bhf1 wotfr rfcu`otfs fxtrfefs bl tmfflvbrnleflt oli kfjousf nh tmot, tmf tfepfroturf nh
wotfr bl pnlis, sfos, ftj. wb`` stoy rf`otbvf`y tmf soefhrne lbcmt tn ioy.
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9. Ymf bepnrtoljf nh wotfr
o) Sotfr oli j`beotf1 wotfr rfcu`otfs fxtrfefs bl
tmf flvbrnleflt oli kfjousf nh tmot, tmf j`beotfbl jnosto` orfos wb`` tfli tn kf eb`ifr tmol bl`olijbtbfs.
k) Sotfr hnres `olisjopfs1 wotfr trolshnres tmf`olisjopf ky frniblc tmf rnjds nh tmf Fortm‒s jrust.
∛ [bvfrs hnre vo``fys
∛ Njfol wovfs frnsbnl hnres kfojmfs∛ Bjf c`ojbfrs frnsbnl prniujfs V-smopfi vo``fys
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j) Sotfr oli `bvblc kfblcs1 wotfr jrfotfs bifo`
jnlibtbnls hnr `bhf nl nur p`olft. ┇ Sotfr bs vfry stok`f oli jnltobls sukstoljfs tmot
nrcolbses lffi tn `bvf (nxycfl, lutrbflts…)
┇ Sotfr bs tmf eobl jnepnlflt nh `bvblc tmblcs1 tmfy lffitn oksnrk wotfr oli rftobl bt tn prfvflt ifmyirotbnloli ifotm.
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