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Computing and IT in the WorkplaceCT006-1
Enterprise Computing
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Computing and IT in the Workplace Chapter 6 2
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this section,YOU should be able to:
Explain the importance of computing in large
organizations
Describe common enterprise applications of IT
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Computing and IT in the Workplace Chapter 6 3
Topics we will cover
Enterprise Computing
IS in Enterprise
Enterprise-wide technologies E-retailing market sector
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Computing and IT in the Workplace Chapter 6 4
What is Enterprise Computing?
What is an enterprise?
Large organization such as multinational
corporation, university, hospital, research
laboratory, or government organization
Requires special computing
solutions because of its size
Enterprise computing
use
of computers in networks that
encompass variety of operating systems,
protocols, and network architectures
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What is Enterprise Computing?
How does information flow within an enterprise?
Enterprise manages large amounts of information
over an extensive geographical area and
disparate groups of people
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Computing and IT in the Workplace Chapter 6 6
How are enterprises organized?
Most are
organized
in ahierarchy
What is Enterprise Computing?
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What is Enterprise Computing?
Executive management
strategic decisions
Middle management
tactical decisions
What are the four categories of users?
Operational management
operational decisions
Nonmanagement employees
on-the-job decisions
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What is enterprise information?
Information gathered in
ongoing operations of enterprise
Allows managers to
make better decisions
Collected, combined,
and analyzed over time
What is Enterprise Computing?
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What are the four management activities?1. Planningobjectives
strategies
tactics
2. Organizingmoney
people
management structure
3. Leadingcommunications
instructions
motivation
4. Controllingperformance
measurement
corrective action
What is Enterprise Computing?
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is an information system?
Set of hardware,
software, data,
people, andprocedures that work
together to produce
information
Procedures areinstructions users follow
to accomplish activities
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a functional unit? Individual operating entity, which can include
departments, centers, and divisions
Manufacturing
Engineering
or Product
Development
Accounting
and
Finance
Human
Resources
(HR)
DistributionSalesMarketing
Information
Technology
Customer
Service
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What are the functions of accounting and finance
systems?
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is computer-aided design (CAD)? Uses special
software to aid in
product design Computer-aided
engineering
(CAE) uses
computers to test
product designs
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)?
Use of computers to
control production
equipment Computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM)
integrates operations
of manufacturing
process
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is Material Requirements Planning (MRP)?
Uses software to
monitor and control
production processes
Focuses on
inventory of parts
Manufacturing Resource
Planning II (MRP II)
is extension of MRP
Helps in scheduling,
tracking production,
and monitoring
product quality
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a marketing information system?
Central repository for marketing tasks
Market research system analyzes data gathered
from surveys
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What issales force automation (SFA) software?
Tools for
traveling
salespeople Runs on
PDAs or
notebook
computers
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What are distribution systems?
Provide forecastingfor inventory control
track shipping of
products
Provide tracking ofproduct shipments
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is information architecture?
Overall technology
strategy for an
enterprise
IT department usessoftware to maintain
hardware and
software
applications
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is an office information system (OIS)?
Users create graphics anddocuments, send messages,
schedule appointments, and
browse the Web
Sometimes called office
automation
Enables employees to perform
tasks using computers and other
electronic devices instead of
manually
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a transaction processing system (TPS)?
Captures and processes data from day-to-day
transactions
Transaction
individual
business
activity
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a management information system (MIS)?
Generates
accurate, timely,
and organizedinformation so
managers can
track progress
and makedecisions
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a decision support system (DSS)? Helps users analyze data and make decisions
Uses data from internal and external sources, as
needed
Executive information system (EIS) supports
needs of executive management
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is an expert system?
Captures and stores knowledge of human
experts and then imitates human
reasoning and decision making
Consists of two components
knowledge base
combined subject
knowledge and
experiences of
human experts
inference rulesset
of logical judgments
applied to the
knowledge base
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is an example of an expert system?
Step 1.Selectfrom a menu or
click a picture for
a diet program.
Step 2.Select the
type of
fat-loss
diet based
on the initialselection.
Step 3.Specify thecaloric goals and
current calorie intake.
Step 4.Reviewthe diet summary.
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is enterprise resource planning (ERP)?
Provides
software
applicationsto coordinate
activities of
functional
units
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a customer relationship management (CRM)
system?
Manages information about customers, interactions withcustomers, past purchases, and interests
Mainly used in three departments
Salestracks sales
process from initial
contact through
final purchase
Customer service
department
tracks ongoing
correspondence
with customer
Marketinglearns
about customers
and then designs
new products
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a content management system (CMS)?
Combination of databases, software, and
procedures
Organizes and allows access to documents andother files
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Enterprise-Wise Technology
What is a portal?
Collection of links,
content, and services
presented on Webpage
Designed to guide
users to information
they are likely to findinteresting for a
particular job function
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What is a data warehouse?
Huge database
that stores data
required toanalyze historical
and current
transactions
Enterprise-Wise Technology
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Enterprise-Wise Technology
What is an extranet?
Portion of network thatallows customers or
suppliers to access parts
of enterprises intranet
Replaces or supplementsexisting EDI systems
EDI (electronic data
interchange)Set of standards
that controls transfer of business
data among computers
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Enterprise-Wise Technology
What are Web services?
Technologies that
allow businesses to
create productsand B2B
(business-to-
business)
interactions onInternet
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Enterprise-Wise Technology
What is a workflow?
Steps involved in
completing project
or businessprocess
Workflow
application is a
program that tracksprocess from start
to finish
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Enterprise-Wise Technology
What is a virtual private network (VPN)?
Provides secure connection for user connecting
to company network server using Internet
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E-Retailing Market Store
What ise-retail?
E-moneyallows customer to
make payment over Internetfrom cash account
Also callede-tail
Merchant accountis
account set up with creditcard company so retailer
can accept credit card
payments from customers
Retailers use Web to sellproducts and services
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Other E-Commerce Market Sectors on the Web
What are online bankingand online trading? Online banking allows
users to pay bills and
view their bank accounts
and statements from
their computers
Online trading allows
users to invest withoutusing broker, often with
a lower transaction fee
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What entertainment, media, and travel services areon the Web?
Music, videos,
news, sporting
events, and games
Airline, hotel, and
car reservations
Shoppingbotsearches
for best price
on product
or service
Other E-Commerce Market Sectors on the Web
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Other E-Commerce Market Sectors on the Web
What health-related information can you find onthe Web?
Medical, fitness, nutrition, and exercise
Databases of doctors
and dentists,
chat rooms,
online
pharmacies
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Enterprise Hardware
What is enterprise hardware?
Allows large
organizations
to manageand store data
Often
includes
levels ofredundancy
One goal is
to maintain
high level ofavailability
Redundancy
if one piecebreaks,
another part
can assume
tasks
Availabilityhow often
hardware is
online
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Enterprise Hardware
What is a RAID? Redundant array of independent disks
Group of two or more integrated hard disks
More reliable than traditional hard disks
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Enterprise Hardware
How does a RAID system work?
Mirroring - writes
data on two disks at
same time
Striping -splits data
across multipledisks
Enhances reliability
Improves access
time
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Enterprise Hardware
What is network attached storage (NAS)?
Server that provides
storage to users and
information systems Storage area network
(SAN) is a high-speed
network that provides
storage to other serversto which it is attached
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What is an enterprise storage system? Strategy that focuses on storage availability,
protection, organization, and backup
Uses combination of
techniques CD-ROM server,
orDVD-ROM server,holdshundreds of CD-ROMs orDVD-ROMs
Enterprise Hardware
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What is a blade server? Sometimes called ultradense server
Complete server on single card, orblade, rather
than system unit
Saves space, requires less maintenance, usesless energy, generates less heat, and is easily
replaced or upgraded
Blade server chassis holds many blades
Enterprise Hardware
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Enterprise Hardware
What are high-availability systems?
Availability
(uptime)of at least
99 percent
Often includes
hot-swapping
Hot-swapping
allows components
to be replaced while
rest of systemcontinues
to perform tasks
May include
redundantcomponents
Redundant component
takes over task of
similar componentthat fails
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Review Questions
What Information Systems are used in the
functional units of an Enterprise?
What Information Systems are used throughout
an Enterprise?
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Q & A
Question and Answer Session
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Topic and Structure of next session
Mobile Computing
What we will cover next
Top Related