A Peek at 5G
Dr. Chih-Lin I C M C C C h i e f S c i e n t i s t , W i r e l e s s Te c h n o l o g i e s
H e a d o f G r e e n C o m m u n i c a t i o n R e s e a r c h C e n t e r
J o h a n n e s b e r g S u m m i t M a y 2 0 , 2 0 1 3
10 Years Ago
2013/5/20 2 Chih-Lin I
Y2003, ITU-R M.1645 Key Technologies
4G Standardization Is Maturing
2013/4/8 3 Chih-Lin I
Number of TD-LTE BS: reached 20,000 by the end of 2012; covering 15 cities in mainland; dual mode in HK
Deploy 200,000 BS in 2013; at least 1M terminals Networks
Large Scale Trial (before 2012): 6 cities Expanded Scale Trial (2012): 15 cities Commercial Network (2013): 100 cities
Cities
6
TD-LTE an Example
2013/5/20
EU FP7 and Horizon 2020
METIS
WWRF Vision 2020
Looking Towards 2020
3GPP Roadmap to Y2020
UK 5G InnovaSon Center
China IMT-2020
5 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
Multiple Voices
NSN
DoCoMo
Huawei
2013/5/20
And Many Candidates Tech.
Inno. Access Infrastructure
HetNet CoMP
DAS
Relay/Terminal Relay
Small Cell
Terminal Intelli.
ICICeICIC
ArScial Collision Mana.
AAA/AAS
Phy Network Coding
Beyond OFDM(A) Transmission
Massive MIMO
Single Band Full Deplux
M2MMTC
D2D
CogniSve Radio
AdapSve Access
Carrier Aggregate
Prototyping
Cloud Network
Delay Tolerant
Random Coding
Neural Network
GMC
SocCell
Liquid Cell
Hyper Dense NW.
2013/5/20
Too Early for a Comprehensive Picture
Exploring it Piece by Piece
2013/5/20
GREEN
Are We Burning Our Earth?
New Orleans acer Hurricane Katrina
10 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
ICT Also Responsible
2007 Worldwide ICT carbon footprint: 2% Comparable to the global aviaSon industry
Expected to grow to 4% by 2020
PredicSon with power ecient technologies
11 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
CMCC Actual Scale
2012: 1.11M BSs, 14.3B Kwh
Great Work Done
BS HW (Antenna, PA), Architecture (Relay, AP), OperaLon (Sleep mode,
Scheduler) Energy gain of 75-92%
Improved macro-cell hardware(H), Cell micro DTX (D), Antenna muLng (A), Low loss antennas
(L), AdapLve sectorizaLon (S) Energy savings of 60-70% with no more than 5%
Throughput degradaLon
Mobile VCE SimulaSon Results Energy saving Performance 12 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
More Ambitious Goals
13 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
Green Meter Announcement
2013/4/8 14 Chih-Lin I
May 13, 2013, GreenTouch Announces:
Research study shows net energy consumpSon in networks can be reduced by up to 90% by 2020 while taking into account trac growth
SOFT
Cost, Efficiency, Agility
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
TD-SCDMA
TD-LTE WiMax/WLAN
GSM UE
TD-SCMDA UE
TD-LTE UE
Diverse ApplicaLons & Infrastructures
Complex carrier networks: proprietary nodes and hardware. New std and features launch cycle too long: new variety of box needs to be integrated. 16 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
SDR: First considered in the 90s
SDR: radio is software defined
Basic idea: signal processing developed based on reconfigurable HW platforms
(however the platform may be vendor-
proprietary) instead of special-purpose
platform
Motivation: Different radio products implemented on
the same platform
Software reuse among different products
Remote software download and updates
TradiSonal dedicated HW
SDR
SDR products: soc modem, SDR controller, etc.
2013/5/20
SDN: It is happening out there
SDO to hit the target of SDN
90+ member companies of all sizes, including network operators, service providers, etc., from not only IT but telecom
industry
SDN: Separation of control plane and data plane GPP-based programmable controller to reconfigure routing
policy (i.e. control plane)
Potential benefits Cost reduction on routers thanks to software programmability
from GPP
Facilitate orchestration of networks Services-aware routing
2013/5/20
Network Function Virtualization
NFV Approach Classical Network Appliance Approach
BRAS
Firewall DPI
CDN
Tester/QoE monitor
WAN AcceleraSon Message
Router
Radio/Fixed Access Network Nodes
Carrier Grade NAT
Session Border Controller
PE Router SGSN/GGSN
Fragmented non-commodity hardware. Physical install per appliance per site. Hardware development large barrier to entry for new
vendors, constraining innovaLon & compeLLon.
Independent Socware Vendors
High volume Ethernet switches
High volume standard servers
High volume standard storage
Orchestrated, automaSc & remote install.
CompeSSve &
InnovaSve Ecosystem
Independent Socware Vendors
19 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
Virtual BS Pool
Distributed RRU
High bandwidth optical transport
network
Real-time Cloud for centralized
processing
Centralized Control and/or Processing Centralized processing
resource pool that can support 10~1000 cells
Collaborative Radio Multi-cell Joint scheduling and
processing Real-Time Cloud Target to Open IT platform Consolidate the processing
resource into a Cloud Flexible multi-standard
operation and migration Clean System Target Less power consuming Lower OPEX Fast system roll-out
C-RAN Concept
Soc base-staLon seamlessly scalable and upgradable
Cloud RAN: Soft BS, Virtualization
Virtualization of RAN for agility Multiple BBU entities in the same physical
servers Multi-RAT support: RAT on virtual
machine Accommodate Service on Edge
Cost reduction and resource utilization improvement:
Resource sharing and dynamic allocation according to traffic variation
Live migration to consolidate resource, further to save power
GSM/TD-S/TD-L RRU
IT HW plamorms (x86, Power, ARM)
RT-Hypervisor
Virtual Machine Pool/ RT-Guest OS (Linux)
CPRI adaptor
Socware Stack
GSM BS
Socware Stack
TD-SCDMA BS
Standard servers
GSM UE
CPRI
TD-SCMDA UE
TD-LTE UE
Socware Stack
TD-LTE BS
CDN/ Web cache
Service VM
L1 accelerator
2013/5/20
Common IT plamorm based soluSons for both radio access network and core network
5 Pearls
CMCC Vision on 5G
IT based core network
Anchor BS
Nano AP
Virtual BB pool
ContentPool
Anchor BS
Anchor BS
Massive RRU
Relay D2D
relay
D2D
Indoor Coverage
User Centric Access Network SupporLng exclusive usage of available spectrum of
each user
Green Soc Two Major Themes
Our Pearls EE-SE Co-design
System No More Cells
Rethinking Signaling/Control
Invisible BS 2G Spectrum Refarming 23 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
Great potenSals on energy saving exists
EE and SE Co-Design
Kliper et.al., IEEE JSTQE, 2011
Ultra dense network roll out Trac uctuaSon in both Sme and spaSal domains
Spectrum eciency no longer the only criteria
Energy eciency must be considered side by side in mobile internet era Increasing gap between trac and revenue growth
Increasing gap between trac and EE growth
2013/5/20
EE and SE Co-Design
Monotonic tradeo
Given EE, two SE values exist
But, Non-monotonic when considering circuit power
PredicSon based on Shannon:
Component level power model Dierent conguraSons
More complicated with extended power models
Imperfect CSI, block fading channel, coherence of 2, 4, 8, or 16 symbols (bosom to top)
Perfect CSI (serving cell
only)
Data from Bell Labs
2013/5/20
EE and SE Co-Design
A unied EE/SE theory framework should be developed to harmonize the research acSviSes
Conclusion draw from EARTH project -- Antenna muLng can save power
Conclusion draw from LSAS theory -- More antennas, less power
2013/5/20
LSAS (Tom Marzetta)
Always tradeo between EE and SE with a given # of antennas (M) EE/SE relaSonship is improved in whole by increasing # of antennas
When only radiated power is considered When addiSonal computaSon power is also considered (grow with #Antenna)
EE increases with SE in low SE region Fewer antennas is more helpful to improve the EE in low SE region As the computaSon capability (Gops/Was) increases, the EE is enhanced and using more antennas is preferred 27 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
Circuit Power: #Subcarriers & #Antenna (Zhikun Xu)
When the number of subcarriers can be switched on or o adapSvely in MIMO-OFDM systems
When the subcarriers are not used up, EE increases with SE Increasing # of antennas benets the EE only when no subcarriers are available. Increasing the frequency resources is more energy ecient than increasing the spaSal resources
Note: Solid part of each cure denotes the case that the subcarriers are not used up Dash part denotes the case that no subcarriers are available
28 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
No More Cells
The Cellular concept has accompanied wireless network from 1G to 4G
Douglas H. Ring & W. Rae Young 1947 at Bell Lab
4G
1G 3G
2G
StaSc network planning & semi-staSc opSmizaSon
Cell-centric RRM Increased at network scale
and power consumpSon
Its Sme to break out from the Cells for 5G Dierent perspecSves to match 2020 needs
Resources Network-level RRM Network-level CRM Network-level SP
Protocols Signalling/data
decuoping UL/DL decoupling
Deployment Infrastructure
virtualization Spectrum
virtualization Centralization
Features No cell physical ID No inter-cell
interference No handoff
2013/5/20
No More Cells
Hetnet From single-layer coverage to mulS-layer coverage
CoMP From cell-level SP to coordinatd SP among CoMP set
Short-term sales-up potenSal
BCG2
Signalling/data decuoping
DAS From cell-level SP to
centralized SP
CoMP processor
Coordinated multi-points Tx/Rx
DAS: Distributed (large-scale) antenna system
RRU RRU RRU RRU
BBU
macro
micro
femto
Break in coverage Break in RRM
The wireless world has been on the way , more or less, to revamp the cell concept.
Break in Signal Processing Break in Protocol
2013/5/20
No More Cells
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
X2+
Virtual BS Pool Virtual BS Pool
PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC
Distributed congurable wideband RRU
High bandwidth opLcal transport
network
Real-Lme Cloud for centralized processing
C-RAN will be a fundamental element in the architecture of next generaSon wireless network
Common plamorm, socware based soluSon
Live (soc) computaSon resource transiSon
Inherent cooperaSon
BS virtualizaSon 2013/5/20
No More Cells
Amorphous Cells Concept
MS3 MS2
MS1
MulLcast control
DL & UL data transmission
DL data transmission
UL data transmission
Unied broadcast control
Multiple layers
The transiSon from Network-Centric to User-Centric Rethink Handover
Signaling & Data Decoupling DL&UL Decoupling 2013/5/20
Rethinking Signaling/Control
New signaling mechanism should be invesSgated to reduce the signaling overhead
Voice
Data signaling raSo(DSR) is extremely low of IM TradiSonal voice: 100~600
IM(QQ):
Throughput Rate vs. Packet loss rate & Latency in Wireless Network
Rethinking Signaling/Control
Conventional TCP protocol designed for wire network with low latency and low packet loss rate,
Extreme poor performance over wireless network
u Exciting finding by MIT with coding for TCP over WiFi From 1Mbps to 16Mbps under typical 2% packet loss.
From 0.5Mbps to 13.5Mbps under 5% packet on the train.
TCP should be revisited for mobile environment -- To improve the QoE of end customers
2013/5/20
Network Coding Mobile TCP over 3GPP
p New protocol stack only at mobile access network A Network Coding layer between TCP
layer and IP layer
p Practical Scheme for deployment A TCP agency added in gateway Keeping TCP protocol unchanged in
core network
Rethinking Signaling/Control
2G
TD
LTE
BTS BSC/PCU
NodeB RNC
S1-U
Gb
Iu
S1-MME S11
Serving GW PDN GW
S5/8
S4 S3
Gn
GGSN SGSN
MME
eNodeB
Internet
2013/5/20
Making BS Invisible"
p TradiSonal BS roll out is no longer sustainable Environment unfriendly Hard for site selecSon, network planning
High cost High power consumpSon
Bottom PCB with
RF transceiver
, FPGA, and
Memory
Power & Fiber Outputs
PA Integration
Antenna
Layers
36 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
Bottom PCB with RF transceiver, FPGA,
and Memory
Power & Fiber Outputs
PA Integration
Antenna Layers
Front View Side View
Two layers of radiators
Three layers of stacked radiators
Terminal RFIC based Wide band patch antenna Flexible
15cm X 15cm X 7cm
5cm X 5cm X 3cm
?
Making BS Invisible"
Small form factor compact RF/Antenna module is the key
37 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
Making BS Invisible"
Large scale cooperaSon over modules is necessary (LSAS) Sweet Spot of N*M
Energy saving Performance Enhancement
Cap. Enhancement Central processing for cooperaSon
38 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
2G Spectrum Refarming
p 3GPP LTE-Hi for hotspot and indoor (3.4GHz-3.6GHz)
p 4.4GHz 4.5GHz and 4.8GHz 4.99GHz (Chinese government in WP5D 15th meeSng)
p 3.3GHz 3.4GHz (Chinese companies) p 3.4 3.6 MHz, 3.6 4.2GHz and 4.4 4.9GMHz
(Japan) p 5925 6425MHz (Russia) and above 6GHz (Kor) p
Channel measurement at 28GHz (from Samsung)
10x (?) more spectrum for 2020
Candidate spectrum proposed by dierent stakeholders
pHigh frequency bands are idenSed and/or invesSgated for capacity enhancement pCoverage and mobility?
2013/5/20
OpSon 1: Used by LTE
p Operates in standalone mode, with network architecture, signaling, PHY/MAC protocols, etc, being optimized p With full duplex? p IoT optimized?
poperates as an umbrella signaling network, to assist LTE, WiFi, etc in 2020
OpSon 2: New OpSmized Design
UL DL 1710 1785 1805 1880
ETACS/EGSM TACS/GSM GSM
880 890 905 915 925 935 950 960
DCS 1800: 75MHz DL/UL
1755 1785 1850 1880 1920 1980 2010 2025 2010 2170 2200 2300 2400
GSM900: 35MHz DL/UL
3G: 150MHz TDD, 120MHz FDD TDD FDD
ETACS/EGSM TACS/GSM GSM
2G Spectrum Refarming
pBeyond 2020, 2G networks are very likely not needed.
p2G spectrum refarming should be considered seriously.
2013/5/20
Summary
The future must be Green Soc from core network to RAN Thoughts on 5G:
EE/SE Co-design No more Cells Rethink Signaling/Control BS invisible Refarm 2G spectrum
41 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20
Thank you Thank You
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