Cardiovascular system = the blood, heart, & blood vessels
Lymphatic system = the lymph, lymph nodes, & lymph vessels
Together they make the circulatory system
46.1
Transports nutrients, hormones, & gases Get rid of wastes Helps maintain a constant body
temperature
Functions of the Circulatory System
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE
Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Aorta Left VentricleRight Ventricle Pulmonary Veins (twice)
Pulmonary Artery Right Atrium Left Atrium Tricuspid ValveSemilunar Valves Mitral Valve Septum
RIGHT LUNG
LEFT LUNG
Main function of the heart is to keep blood moving constantly throughout the body.
Large organ made of cardiac muscle that are rich with mitochondria. Surrounded by a tough membrane called the pericardium.
Mammalian hearts have four chambers.◦atria◦Ventricles
Left and right side of the heart are separated by the septum.
Your Heart
Atria: Two upper chambers◦ Walls thinner and less
muscular than ventricles
Ventricles: Two lower chambers◦ Walls thicker and more
muscular than atria (why?)
◦ Left pumps blood to entire body; thicker than right ventricle (why?)
◦ Right pumps blood to the lungs
Parts of the Heart Aorta: large blood vessel Vena cava: Sends
deoxygenated blood into the right atrium (Superior from upper body; Inferior from lower body)
1) Why is the heart’s left side exerting more pressure? 2) Why is the left side’s wall of muscle larger than the
right side’s?
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)-Initiates an electrical impulse to contract the heart.◦ located in the right atrium.◦ Also called the ‘pacemaker’
for the heart. Impulse travels next to
the atrioventricular node (AV Node)◦ Located in the septum◦ Causes the ventricles to
contract. Muscle cells contract in
waves
Heartbeat Control
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waOSUpEHPQs&feature=related
Blood Pressure:◦systolic pressure- when the ventricles
contract◦diastolic pressure- when the ventricles
are relaxed Pulse: Pressure waves in arteries from
contraction of the left ventricle
Hypertension- high blood pressure
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nb4jpp-GGUs
Arteries: large thick walled muscular elastic vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.◦ Blood is under pressure pushed through by heart pumping.
(blood pressure)◦ Arteries branch off from heart divide into smaller vessels called
arterioles.◦ Arterioles enter tissues where they branch in capillaries.
Veins: large blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from tissues back toward the heart.◦ Blood is not under pressure.◦ Veins in arms and legs have valves that prevent blood from
flowing backward.◦ Muscles used to move blood◦ Several venules will merge to form veins.
Blood Vessels-Arteries and Veins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjNKbL_-cwA
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels.
Walls are one celled thick
Blood cells move through in single file line.
Capillary walls enable nutrients and gases to diffuse easily between blood cells and surrounding tissue cells.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF68qhyfcoM&feature=related
What color is blood inside the body? If it is red then why do veins look blue? Blood is a bright red in its oxygenated form (i.e., leaving the lungs), when hemoglobin is bound to oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin. It's a dark red in its deoxygenated form (i.e., returning to the lungs), when hemoglobin is bound to carbon dioxide to form carboxyhemoglobin.Veins appear blue because light, penetrating the skin, is absorbed and reflected back to the eye. Since only the higher energy wavelengths can do this (lower energy wavelengths just don't have the *oomph*), only higher energy wavelengths are seen. And higher energy wavelengths are what we call "blue."In an experiment, glass tubes were filled with blood and immersed in milk, milk having a similar ratio of fat, proteins, and water in emulsion as skin. At a certain depth, the tubes appeared blue.A phlebotomist (a person who draws blood) from the local university hospital drew hundreds of samples of venous blood. They said that almost all samples were dark red. Those that weren't were usually because people were on enriched oxygen systems.At the same time, respiratory therapists drew blood from an artery, not a vein. These samples were characteristically bright red, unless the patient was having difficulty breathing (asthma, people with one lung, pneumonia, emphysema, whatever).
OXYGENATED BLOOD-BRIGHT RED
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD-DEEP RED
FUN FACT
Pulmonary Circulation- blood traveling between the heart and lungs.-pulmonary veins and arteries
Systemic Circulation- blood traveling between the heart and other body tissues.◦ coronary circulation (heart)
atherosclerosis = build-up of fatty material on the inside of coronary arteries
◦ renal circulation (Kidney)◦ hepatic portal circulation
(Liver)
Patterns of Circulation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU30BltUa4g&feature=plcp&context=C3d90551UDOEgsToPDskL-xtnUbfcc49ivlLNr8nht
Functions in returning fluids that have collected in the tissues to the bloodstream.
Fluid is called lymph.
No “pump” for the lymphatic system◦ Uses skeletal muscles◦ Valves prevent backflow
Lymph nodes filter lymph◦ Trap foreign particles, microorganisms, and
tissue debris◦ Store lymphocytes, type of white blood cell
that are specialized to fight disease and infection. Swollen lymph nodes=increase in lymphocytes
Lymphatic System
Plasma- liquid part of the blood, mostly water. Carries nourishment for the cells.
Red Blood Cells (erthrocytes)- transport oxygen. Formed in the red marrow of cells.
-Hemoglobin- transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. -no nuclei-life span of 120-130 days
Blood (46.2)
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)- help defend the body against disease. -formed in the red marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.-larger than RBC’s-can live many years-several types
ex: phagocyte
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxTYyNEbVU4
Platelets- help form blood clots.◦Fibrin (protein) is produced
that forms a sticky web, forming a clot.
◦ Hemophilia-absence of one or more proteins needed to clot
Blood Types- A, B, O, AB◦Antigens- protein or
carbohydrate that signals the body that something foreign has entered it.
◦Rh factor- antigen present on the surface of RBC’s. Majority of humans are Rh +.
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