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4.3.7 (Phy)
Cell Division
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Objective
To understand how cells divide
Understands the mechanism of cell division
Applications in Veterinary sciences
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The Cell Cycle
&Cell Division
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The Cell Cycle
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MITOSIS
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Mitosis
The process of cell division which results
in the production of two daughter cells
from a single parent cell.
The daughter cells are identical toone another and to the original parent
cell.
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Mitosis can be divided into stages
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase & Cytokinesis
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Interphase
The cell prepares for division Animal Cell
DNA replicated
Organelles replicated
Cell increases in size
Plant Cell
DNA replicated
Organelles replicated
Cell increases in size
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Interphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
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Prophase
The cell prepares for nuclear division
Animal Cell
Packages DNA intochromosomes
Plant cell
Packages DNA intochromosomes
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Prophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
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Metaphase
The cell prepares chromosomes for
division Animal Cell
Chromosomes line up
at the center of the cell
Spindle fibers attach
from daughter cells to
chromosomes at the
centromere
Plant Cell
Chromosomes line up
at the center of the cell
Spindle fibers attach
from daughter cells to
chromosomes at the
centromere
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Metaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
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Anaphase
The chromosomes divide Animal Cell
Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart
of each
chromosome (called
chromotid) moves to
each daughter cell
Plant Cell
Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart
of each
chromosome (called
chromotid) moves to
each daughter cell
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Anaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
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Telophase
The cytoplasm divides Animal Cell
DNA spreads out
2 nuclei form
Cell wall pinches in toform the 2 new
daughter cells
Plant Cell
DNA spreads out
2 nuclei form
New cell wall formsbetween to nuclei to
form the 2 new
daughter cells
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Telophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
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Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase Prophase
Metaphase Anaphase
Telophase Interphase
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Plant Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase Prophase
Metaphase Anaphase
Telophase Interphase
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MEIOSIS
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Meiosis
Meiosis is the type of cell division by which
germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced.
One parent cell produces four daughter
cells.
Daughter cells have half the number of
chromosomes found in the original
parent cell
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Meiosis
During meiosis, DNA replicatesonce, but the nucleus divides twice.
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Meiosis
Four stages can be described for eachdivision of the nucleus.
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Meiosis I
First division of meiosis
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First Division ofMeiosis
Prophase 1: Each chromosome duplicates andremains closely associated. These are called sisterchromatids.
Metaphase 1: Chromosomes align at the center of thecell.
Anaphase 1: Chromosome pairs separate with sisterchromatids remaining together.
Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed witheach daughter containing only one chromosome of thechromosome pair.
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Prophase I
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Prophase I
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Metaphase I
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Telophase I
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Meiosis
Second Division ofMeiosis
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Second Division ofMeiosis
Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate.
Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up at the center ofthe cell
Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sisterchromatids move separately to each pole.
Telophase 2: Cell division is complete.
Four haploid daughter cells are formed.
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Prophase II
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Metaphase II
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Telophase II
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Meiosis
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Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis
Mitosis
Asexual
Cell divides once
Two daughter cells
Genetic information is
identical
Meiosis
Sexual
Cell divides twice
Four haploid daughtercells
Genetic information is
different
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