太子河河流健康评估
汇报人:渠晓东
中国环境科学研究院 CRAES
Lecture schedule
The theories and methods of the stream health
assessment
河流健康评估的理念与方法;
The stream health assessment – Taizi River and Liao
River Pilot study
河流健康评估方法-太子河实例研究
河流健康评估的理念与方法
The river health
用 ‚健康‛一词来反映河流的状况,是一个很形象的比喻,容易被公众接收和认识,并能得到广泛的关注(Boulton, 1999)。
对河流来讲,健康-即‚保持好的状态‛,其来源于人的健康,但与人的健康概念并不相同(Karr1999)。
What is river health?
‚维持水体的物理、化学和生物的完整性-具有自身的组织(self-organization),具有生产力(productive)和抗性(resilient) (Karr and Chu, 1999)。
The methods for river health assessment
传统方法使用单一化学、物理或者生物评价河流的水质(如我国的水质监测系统),其或多或少的反映了河流健康的某一部分,并取得了一定的评价结果,但往往很难应用于大尺度的流域管理(Norris & Thoms, 1999)。
利用多参数(multimetrics)或者多变量(multivariates)的方法开展的一系列的河流健康评价(Karr 1999;Norris and Hawkins, 2000)。
基于生物完整性思想,提出评估河流的物理、化学和生物完整性,构建综合评价因子;强调河流生态系统的完整性,评价结果与社会、经济和流域管理建立联系,研究与管理密切联系(Bunn et al., 2010)。
综合评价法思路示意图
指示因子是否对干扰
具有响应
yes
No No
yes
Yes No
太子河河流健康评估
河流的分区和分类
DEM, A-R
相似的河流类型和河流级别
识别主要环境问题
The main disturbances in the Taizi River
生活污染
工业污染
挖沙活动
开展河流监测-指示因子的筛选
Everyone has their own ‘pet’ indicators每个人都会采用自己喜欢的指示方法
Water quality and
nutrient
TN1
TN2TN3
TN4
TN5
TN6
TN7
TN8
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4TS5
QH
XT1
XT2
XT3
TZ1
TZ2
TZ3TZ4
TZ5
TZ6
TZ7
TZ8
TZ9
TZ10
TZ11
TZ12
TZ13
TZ14TZ15
BS1
BS2
BS3
BS4
SD
TZ16
TZ17
TZ18
TZ19
TZ20
TZ21XH1
XH2
XH3
XH4XH5
XH6
XH7
LH1
LH2
TH1TH2
TH3
TH4
TH5
HC1
HC2
HC3
HC4
HC5
NS1
NS2NS3
YL1YL2
HWTZ22
TZ23
Xiaoshi
BenxiDengta
Liaoyang
Liaoyang*
Anshan
Haicheng
GYG-R
SW-R
TH-R
Cluster I
Cluster II
Cluster III
Cluster IV
Ctenogobius brunneus-褐栉鰕虎鱼
Squalidus chankaensis-兴凯銀鮈
Hypseleotris swinhonis-黄黝
Lampetra morii-东北七鳃鳗
Table 1. The part of fish indicators for stream health assessment
Table 2. The part of macroinvertebrates indicators for stream health assessment
Sensitive species
Tolerant species
Selection of indicators-重要的是,选择能敏感、稳定反映人为活动压力的因子
Important to select a few indicators that are meaningful.选择有意义的指标非常重要
•Ones that respond to things that threaten the values we identify 这些指标可以直接响应我们确定的河流既定价值
•Guide management actions 为实施管理提供指导方针
Design of the monitoring program and selection of indicators are very important.监测项目的设计及评估指标的选择非常重要
指标的类型多样
Water quality indicators Dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, turbidity, nutrients,
anions and cations, heavy metals
Biological pattern indicators Fish Assemblage Composition Various indicators using richness, abundance,
presence/absence of species
Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Composition Various indicators (e.g. richness) and predictive models (e.g.
observed vs. expected)
Process and biological function indicators Primary production, benthic metabolism and nutrient
cycling, decomposition, fish body condition, food webs
Disturbance gradient approach
to detecting impacts
应用干扰变化方法发现影响
• Define a disturbance gradient
定义干扰变化
• Objective comparisons - at same sites & times 目标比较-在相同试点和时间
指标应用前的测试是必须的
Literature survey – examples
from previous studies 文献综述
——文献研究中的案例
Disturbance gradient 干扰变化
Low低 High高
Ecolo
gic
al health indic
ato
r
生态
健康
参数
指标
Reference values 参数值
干扰强度
参数的响
应
EPTr range [1] River health
class
EPTr river health sub-
indicator score
Mountain and Alpine Midland and Lowland
≥ 0.45 ≥ 0.34 1.0 1.0
0.42 – < 0.45 0.31 – < 0.34 0.6 – < 0.8 0.7
0.36 – < 0.42 0.26 – < 0.31 0.4 – < 0.6 0.5
0.26 – < 0.36 0.18 – < 0.26 0.2 – < 0.4 0.3
0.00 – < 0.26 0.0 – < 0.18 0.0 0.0
Table1. Conversion of EPT richness ratio (family) (EPTr) to benthic
macroinvertebrate river health sub-indicator score, according to
catchment zone.
[1] Based on data in Lenat, D. 1988. Water quality assessment of streams using a qualitative
collection method for benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American
Benthological Society 7(3): 222-233.
太子河河流健康评估中使用的EPT指数
Table4. 辽河河流健康评估中使用的健康评价因子,参照值设定及其依据
2/15
2/15
3/15
4/15
4/15
辽河流域太子河河流健康报告卡
藻 类
水化:溶氧,电导,悬浮物,pH,
藻类:物种数,IBI指数,BP多样性指数,香农多样性指数
大型底栖动物:物种数,EPT物种数,BMWP指数,BP丰富度指数,香农多样性指数,IBI指数
营养盐:氨氮,总氮,总磷,挥发酚,BOD5,CODCr, CODMn,粪大肠杆菌数
鱼类:个体数,IBI指数,BP 丰富度指数,物种数,香农多样性指数
评价参数体系的构建:评价参数体系的构建:
Liao River Report Card
Technical Regulation for Assessment
of River Health
1) We regulated the main aspects for assessing the river health;
2) It includes the hydrology (developed hydrological
assessing model), physical form (longitudinal and
transverse disturbances, bed disturbances, and sediment
transport), water quality (nutrients and quality), fish,
benthic macroinvertebrates, algae (community level and
biological indices) and riverine vegetation;
3) The data collection and analysis would follow the
regulated process;4) The reference condition for each indicator are could
be cited from the published papers or reports;
5) Combined scores to reflect the health condition of
rivers.
What we have learnt
1) 通过项目的参与,提高了对河流健康评价的理解和认识,提升了河流健康评价的方法;提升了地方政府对河流健康的认识和认可,为河流的生态管理奠定基础;
2)在中澳专家的共同合作下,提出了《河流健康评价技术规范》(征求意见稿),为我国的河流生态系统评价与管理,提供了重要的技术手段; 在研究中,首次利用多种化学、物理和生物指数构建评价体系,通过与澳方专家的合作,构建了太子河评价指标体系,参照体系和评价方法;
3) 利用河流健康报告卡,为河流管理者和公众提供便捷的途径了解河流的健康状况,开展河流的保护。
管理提高
技术突破
方法突破
Key lessons for doing this monitoring work in
the future
Many thanks for the contributions from Catherine Leigh, Drs Fran
Sheldon, Wade Hadwen, Nick Bond, Prof. Stuart Bunn, Prof. Angela
Arthington, and Prof. Zhang Yuan
谢谢!敬请指正
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