8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1. Building
5. Scrapping
2. Owning
3. Registration
4. Operation
4: Globalized production of "maritime transport"
Financial and other services:
UK, Scandinavia
8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1. Building
5. Scrapping
2. Owning
3. Registration
4. Operation
4: Globalized production of "maritime transport"
Philippines, Indonesia, …
8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1. Building
5. Scrapping
2. Owning
3. Registration
4. Operation
4: Globalized production of "maritime transport"
Hong Kong, Netherlands,
Singapore, UAE: ~ 30%
UNCTAD Maritime Country Profiles
stats.unctad.org/MARITIME
Greece
India
Liberia
Republic of Korea
Viet Nam
UNCTAD Maritime Country Profiles
stats.unctad.org/MARITIME
8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1. Building
5. Scrapping
2. Owning
3. Registration
4. Operation
4: Globalized production of "maritime transport"
5: Industry consolidation (the other side of the same coin)
►As countries specialize…
►Industry
sees a process of concentration
5 (cont.): Ships keep growing
►MSC, China Shipping: Container ships 20 000+TEU
►Vale: Dry bulk 402 347 dwt
►Wilhelm Wilhelmsen: ro-ro 265 m
6: Global networks
http://www.mscgva.ch/about_us/routes.html
Networking
Out of 162 x 161 pairs of countries:
How many are connected by direct services?
Source: UNCTAD, based on data from Containerization International
Demand
Supply
► Markets
► The Future
Demand
Supply
► Markets
► The Future
7: Liberalized markets
► Less cargo reservation
► Fewer liner conferences (cartels)
► More private sector participation
8: (somewhat) lower freight costs
UNCTAD, Review of Maritime Transport 2011
Freight costs in % of goods’ value
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Developing Africa 12.3 12.1 10.6
Developing Oceania 11.6 12.0 9.5
Developing America 8.3 8.3 8.2
Developing Asia 8.9 8.4 7.4
Developed economies 7.4 7.3 6.4
1980s 1990s 2000s
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