Li Shen1, Juliane Haufe, Martin K. Patel2
bio-based plastics
et al.
et al.
et al.
ethylene et al. Casein
soy plastics
Shellac
Coccus lacca or Laccifer laccaregenerated cellulose
cellophane
densely populatedindustrialized
et al. et al.
et al.
not bio-based durable
The plastics sector in perspective and its dynamics
non-plasticsplastics
Bio-based plastics as new option
et al.
Fully BiobasedPartially BiobasedFully fossil-based
Non
-B
iode
grad
able
Fully
B
iode
grad
able
etc.
Objectives and scope of this report
notcan
petrochemical
highlow
et al.
do
Structure of the report
plastics
non-plasticplastics
plastic
2.1 Starch plastics
et al.
et al.
Partially fermented starch Destructurised starch, also referred to as thermoplastic starch (TPS) Chemically modified starch
Starch blends Starch composites.
Partially fermented starch
Native starch
Starch waste slurry
Native Starch
Partially fermented starch
Starch compositee.g., PaperFoam®
Destructurised TPSe.g., Bioplast TPS®
Starch Blende.g., Mater-Bi®, BIOPAR®
Chemically modified starche.g., starch acetate
Partially fermented starch plastice.g., Solanyl®
Purified starch waste slurry
Destructurised starch (synonym: Thermoplastic starch, TPS)
Chemically modified starch
et al.
et al.
Starch blends
et al.
Addition Grafting
PolymerisationGrafting
Starch composites
FoamFoam
FoamFoam
Conversion technologies
Chemical and physical properties
et al.
Mechanical and thermal properties
full substitution partial substitution no substitution
Partially Fermented Starch Plastic
Destructurised starch
Chemically modified starch
et al.
et al.
Starch Blends
United States of America
Asia Pacific
Selling price
Cost structure
Expected price developments
2.2 Cellulosic polymers
Acetobacter xylinum et al.
et al.
cellulosic polymers for non-plastic applicationscellulose plastics cellulosic plastics
Non-plastic applications
cellulose plastics
et al.et al.
et al.
Organic cellulose estersRegenerated cellulose
Man-made cellulose fibres Organic cellulose esters Regenerated cellulose
et al.
et al.
et al.
Viscose process Lyocell process
Recent R&D on regenerated cellulose
et al. et al.
et al.et al.
et al. et al.et al.
et al. et al. et al.
2.3 Polylactic acid (PLA)
Lactic acid from a carbon substrate
et al.
et al.
et al. et al.
PLA from lactic acid
Oligomers
Lactide
Poly(lactic acid)
Lactic acidD- or L- or D,L-
Racemic mixture
Oligomers
Lactide
Poly(lactic acid)
Lactic acidD- or L- or D,L-
Racemic mixture
Stereocomplexation
Conversion technologies
Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Other properties
et al.
et al.
Properties of copolymers, blends and composites
et al.
et al.
in-situ et al.
Cost structure
et al.
Expected price developments
2.4 PTT from bio-based PDO
et al.
E. coli 12
E.coli (GM)Enzymatic conversions
et al.
E. coli
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
full substitution partial substitution no substitution
Selling price
Cost structure
Expected price developments
2.5 Bio-based polyamides (nylon)
et al.
et al.
et al. et al.
2.5.1.1 PA11 from castor oil
2.5.1.2 PA 610 from caster oil
2.5.1.3 PA 66 from bio-based adipic acid
E. coli
2.5.1.4 PA 69 from bio-based azelaic acid
et al.
2.5.1.5 PA6 from bio-based caprolactam
et al.
TTm
et al.
et al.
et al.
2.6 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
-co-
-co--co-
cocococococo
etc.
et al.
co
co
co
co
co
cococococo
-co-
-co-
-co-
Production by Fermentation
E.coli co R. eutropha
co
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
Production in crops
et al.
et al.
et al.
Current and future feedstocks
et al.
-co- et al.
et al.
cococococo
cis
et al.
Properties of P(3HB) homopolymer
et al.
et al.
Copolymers of P(3HB) with hydroxyalkanoates (HA)
et al.
-co-
co R
R
R et al.
et al.
Ultra-high molecular weight P(3HB)
et al.
et al.E. coli R.
eutropha et al.
Conversion Technologies
Fillers and blends
et al.co
et al.
coet al.
co
et al.
Selling price
et al.
Cost of production
E.coli
et al.
Expected price developments
et al.
coco
2.7 Bio-based polyethylene (PE)
n
2.8 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from bio-based PE
et al.
2.9 Other emerging bio-based thermoplastics
technically
et al.
Actinobacillus succinogenesAnarobiospirillum succiniciproducens
2.10 Polyurethane (PUR) from bio-based polyols
Production of fossil fuel-based PUR
PUR from bio-based polyol
Euphorbia lagascae
2.11 Bio-based thermosets
alc cidalkyd
et al.
GECO.GCO.
et al.
et al. et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.et al.
unsaturatedsaturated
et al. et al.
et al.
does
may
technologicalfirst-of-its-kind plants
polymer
non-plastics plastic
maximum technical substitution potential
aggressive (i.e. non-selective) depolymerization
highly selective types of depolymerization
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al. et al. et al. et al.
first-of-its-kind plants
European Bioplastics
Projection based on company announcements
all bio-based plastics
technical
maximum technical substitution
Projections based on company expectations for bio-based plastics market as a whole
PROBIP 2009 scenarios
et al. et al. et al.
et al.not
Comparison with earlier projections
commercialised and emerging
in Europe
mature bio-based polymers current
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Polymer Degradation and Stability
Kunststoffe
Composites Science and Technology
Kunststoffe
Biopack News
Bioplastics MagazineBioplastics
MagazineBioplastics
Magazine
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Bioplastics Magazine
Trends in Biotechnology
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
Green Chemistry
Chemical Week
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
OrganicSystheses, Coll
FEMS Microbiol Rev
Modern Plastics
New Crops, Proceedings of the Second National Symposium on New Crops
Macromolecules
Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry
Kunststoffe
Science
Journal of Polymers and the Environment
Industrial Crops and Products
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research
Prog.Polym. Sci.
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
Journal of Applied Polymer Science
Macromolecular Bioscience
Environmental Science and Technology
Journal of Coatings Technology
Forensic Science Communications
Biomass and Bioenergy
Sep Purif Technol
Journal of plastic film and sheeting
Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology
EUROPEAN PATENT EP1293560
European Physical Journal E
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Cellulose
Transgenic Research
KunststoffeKunststoffe
J Macromol Sci Pure Appl Chem A
Biotechnology Progress
Materials Science and Engineering A
Polymer
Bioplastics Magazine
Materials Chemistry and Physics
Annual Review of Energy and the Environment
The Bridge - National Academy of Engineering of the National Academies,
Modern Plastics
Chem. Soc. Rev.
Biowerkstoff-Report
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Modern Plastics.06 March 2008
Industrial Crops and Products
Nandini Chemical Journal (online journal)
Polymer
Biotechnology Progress
Macromolecular Bioscience
Speciality Petrochemicals
Bioresource Technology
Composites Science and Technology
European Plastics News
Macromol. Rapid Commun.
Trends in Food Science and Technology
Composites Science and Technology
Polymer Reviews
Biomacromolecules
Biomass and Bioenergy
Bioplastics Magazine
Journal of American Chemistry Society
Science
Polymer Bulletin
Kunststoffe International
Prog. Polym. Sci.
J. Mater Sci.
Journal of
Applied Polymer Science
Progress in Polymer Science
Biotechnology Advances
Journal of the American Chemical Society
ChemSusChem
BioplasticsMagazine
Macromolecular Bioscience
Polymer
Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining
Trends in Biotechnology
J Appl Microbiol BiotechnolChemical Week
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Green Chemistry