3rd UIC RailTopoModel and railML®
Conference
UIC, Paris October 7th, 2014
Towards a Universal Topology Model for Railways and Data Exchange Format for Infrastructure
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Agenda
1 Welcome and keynote speeches
2 UIC RailTopoModel
3 Practical examples and benefits from a shared model
4 A first railML® 3 version; especially for infrastructure
5 Evolution of the railML.org business model
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UIC RailTopoModelPresentation of first operational version
Railway Network Description
A Conceptual Model to Describe a Railway Network
[email protected]@oebb.at
RailTopoModel
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UIC RailTopoModel
RailRail
TopologyTopology
Model(ing)Model(ing)
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UIC RailTopoModel
> Conceptual (data) modeling
> Topology
> How do we work
> Components of UIC RailTopoModel
> Generic properties of the topological core
> Railway aspectdescription levels, „vertical navigation“, positioning, functional/physical view, ...
> railML® challenge
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Conceptual (data) Modeling
> Method to capture the language of a businessand prepare a basis for the work of IT-professionals
> Mostly used in requirement engineeringReduce/avoid misunderstandingsReduce/avoid costs (projects failures)
> Culture clash between two tribesEntitity relationship modelingObject oriented analysis/ Object oriented design (UML)
> Prejudices still exist ☺
Further reading: UML as a Data Modeling Notation Part1-Part 4http://www.tdan.com/view-special-features/8457
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Topology
> Greek roots: study of places, science of locations
> Wikipedia disambiguation pageEnglish: 12 different meaningsGerman: 13 different meaningsFrançais: 4 different meanings
> Central definition à mathematics
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Mathematics Part I
“In mathematics you don't understand things.You just get used to them.”
John von Neumann
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Topology in Mathematics
> Topology is the mathematical study of shapes and topological spaces.
> It is an area of mathematics concerned with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous deformations including stretching and bending,but not tearing or gluing.
> This includes such properties as connectedness, continuity and boundary.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology
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Identical Topology?
YES
NO NO
YES
YES
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How do We Work
> Agreement on the problem
> Proposal
> Discussion (always animated – sometimes heated ☺ )
> Solution
> Challenges
> Stress testingpilot implementation, prototype implementation,experiences from ongoing projects
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How do We Work - List of Problemsnot exhaustive
> How to deal with interconnected layers of topology
> How to define multiple networks / subnetworks
> Definition of terms / concepts(example: track / trail)
> How to model parallel views of topology(functional view versus physical view)
> Has a nonlinear element (node) a physical extension
> How to deal with time / time constraints / life cycle
> How to deal with positioning and locations
> What levels of accuracy to support / to require
> How to deal with mileage anomalies
> Do we need Metadata / is the available data appropriate for the problem at hand
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Components of The UIC RailTopoModel
> Central notion: Network
> Topological core (very abstract, very generic)
> Specific elements for railway systems (Railway aspect)
> Net-Entities (placeholder for the entire railway world)
> Positioning
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Toplogical Core
> The topological core allows arbitrary domain specific implementations of network structured systems and their respective conceptual models
> Rail specific implementations
> Implementations in other subject areasCommunication networksEnergy delivery networksOther transport networks
> The recursive multilayered structure facilitates a unified view on more than one network type
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Toplogical Core – Non Rail Examples
Topology for telecommunication equipment
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Toplogical Core – Non Rail Examples
Intra-Building Topology
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Toplogical Core – Non Rail Examples
Example: telecommunication equipment & Building
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Toplogical Core –Rail Specific Recommendation
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UIC RailTopoModel – Description LevelsUIC RailTopoModel Traditional
Railway TermsConventional network categoriesEdges Nodes
MACRO Line Section of Line (SoL)
Operational Point
MICRO Track Trail (!) Border Point (Terra Icognita),Bufferstop,Switch,Double Diamond Crossing,Single Diamond Crossing,Crossing
MESO Line / Track combined
Trail between two Operational Points
Operational Point
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„Vertical Navigation“
> A.k.a. aggregation and disaggregation, scrolling between description levels
UIC RailTopoModel supports flexible scrolling between description levelsUIC RailTopoModel supports traditionell view on topologyas well as connexity view
> simulation software, optimization toolsfluidification of a complex junctionre-scheduling of trainsre-routing of trains
Reference: A multi scalable model based on a connexity graph representation 2010 WIT Presshttp://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-transactions-on-the-built-environment/103/19759
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Functional / Physical View
> Two Micro LevelsPhysical level
• Composition of the networkFunctional level
• Routing information
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Connexity
> For „Vertical Navigation“a connexity structureis recommended• Nodes represent infrastructure ressources• Arcs represent connections
between ressources
• Connexity structures can be derived fromtraditional topology structures basedon „physical“ nodes and edges
See UIC RailTopoModel documentation chapter 4
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Intrinsic Positioning
> Positioning in reference to NetElements
> General idea: NetElements are the natural carriers of an „intrinsic“ positioning system
Recommendation: Instances of positions are using numbers in the interval 0 and 1 (experience of Belgium and French projects)Alternative: any other interval (traditional mileage positions)
> ChallengesBidirectional transformation between intrinsic and classic LRSMileage anomaliesLifecyle (additional switches, removed switches)
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„Vertical Navigation“ Alternative
Idea: model the internal structure of a node
Source: ProRail, D.Kes, R.Nagtegaal 2014 Source: ÖBB, 2014
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Usages of UIC RailTopoModelStrategic PlanningCapacity planning + transport policys--> target networkDetailled planningstations, shunting yards,tracks, control systems, ... ConstructionOperation MaintenanceDecommissioning, closure
Business process category
Asset category
Org. Work / System
architecture
IT-technology
centric
Telco equipmentReal estateBuilding(above ground level)Permanent wayControl system, interlockingHigh voltage equipment, lighting systemsTrack substructure
Support analysisRedesign of business processesGreenfield development of new systemsExisting systems
Specific data modelsData exchange formatsService oriented application systems
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System Boundaries of UIC RailTopoModel
> Inside:Flexible, generic topological core Railway specific topological objectclasses (recommendation)PositioningIntrinsic positioningPlaceholder for arbitrary railway information objects
> Outside:1000+ railway information objects ☺
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Requirements for Data Exchange Formats
> What do we expect from railML.org?Guidance and Challenge
Support systemswhich are built according to the principles of RailTopoModel
Support different viewson identical information objects
Support integrated information flowinside the railway value chain
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Requirements for Data Exchange Formats
> Usecase „Annual directory for speed limitations“• Directory of allowed speeds and speed changes• Central information hub between infrastructure (construction,
maintenance) and operation of network• Many interfaces• Produces topology view
of line and track network
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Requirements for Data Exchange Formats
An heavy process with multiple data exchanges… to be improved through standardization
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Mathematics Part II
“As far as the laws of mathematicsrefer to reality,they are not certain;and as far as they are certain,they do not refer to reality.”
Albert Einstein
Corollary: "Essentially, all models are wrong,but some are useful.“ (George Box)
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Agenda§ Business stakes and objectives
§ IS contribution and main drivers
§ Ariane Model
§ IS architecture and implementation project
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BUSINESS STAKES : GLOBAL EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE
Développement-Rénovation /
Ingénierie Projets
Gestion des demandes
client
Gestion dela Capacité
Maintenance : planification, ordonnancement, exécution, analyse
Circulation
Contrôle Commande
Suivi Circu-lation
Factu-ration
Continuous business processesIntegrated Information System
TARGET
Isolated organizations, Chopped business processes, Fragmented Information System
RFF2010 Assesment
Stra
tegy
Cus
tom
er M
ngt
Cap
acity
Pla
n
Traf
fic M
ngt
Mai
nten
ance
….
Engi
neer
ing
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SIMULATION : AN EXAMPLE OF COMPLEX INTEGRATION
• At target, all those components should be based on A common Model
Traf
fic
Sim
ulat
ion
Repository
INFRA Logical description (routes,…)
Interlocking Rules
Nominal
INFRA Physical description
Simulation
Simulation Engine
CK Interlocking Logic Engine
Train circulation Logic Engine
A
Operations
Real Traffic Events
Traffic Mngt
Results
Setting
Nominal Traffic Schedule
CKValidated Scenario
A
A
A A
AA
A
A
A
A
Wear & tear Rules for Infra
Infrastructure aging logicTraffic forecast
Future state of infrastructure
simulation engine Works planningM
aint
enan
ce
Sim
ulat
ion
Status
Restrictions
AA
A
AA
• The various components involved in a simulation process are under control of multiple actors,• For best performance and reactivity, all actors and components should be « aligned »
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OBJECTIVE : DESIGN IS ARCHITECTURE TO LEVERAGE TARGET, AND EASE TRANSITION
Driven by the business projects for optimization of processes and organizations, RFF IT department launched in 2010 the foundations for an integrated transversal information system :
§A shared vision of railway business objects: one common data model à Ariane (UML) base on graph theory
§A Master Infrastructure Data, available to all (IMs, RUs, and partners) : à GAÏA infrastructure repository
§A shared view of all events and related data, all along the value chains (Network Capacity and Traffic Mngt, Asset management and Works planning,…)à Operational Data Store
§A flexible application architecture à Service Oriented Architecture
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MAIN DRIVERS FOR IS PERFORMANCE
Drivers for a transverse IS Solution
Business objects Model A shared vision of all railway business objects (network topology, Infrastructure, Traffic life cycle, works,…)
Ariane
Data Repository
Static Qualified data for all users and applications Gaïa(Ariane compllant)
Dynamic Structuring events all along main value chains ( scheduling – traffic Management –Works planning,…)
Operational Data StoreBASIC
(Ariane compliant)
Process modeling Dynamic modeling of business processes, under control of businesses
BPM
Data Exchange
Platform A shared bus to manage all inter-application and external data flows (transformation, tracability,…)
HUBIC
Format A standard exchange data format to ensure continuity in topology model, and data quality
railML®
(UIC RailTopoModel)
Cross-domain Intelligence A shared view on all events and data to support cross analysis, along processess or between domains,…
Business Intelligence (Ariane compliant)
REFREF
BASICBASIC
+ SOA - Service Oriented Architecture (flexibility, scalability,…)
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ARIANE: CONCEPTS & BENEFITS
• ARIANE allows progressive modeling of all railway business objects• Designed « per nature » and not « per usage »
A universal model A universal model
• one of the first objectives is to share a common view, and faciliate communication between departments
A common languageA common language
• The missing link between topology (Traffic Mngt & Network Capacity) and infrastructure (Maintenance & Network restrictions)
• open facilities for cross analysis between multiple segmentations
Open to cross-business usagesOpen to cross-business usages
• allows multilevel agregation to support business processes at different levels along the time (from macro to mezo to micro)
• supports time and project management, event tracability,… simulation
Introduces advanced capacitiesIntroduces advanced capacities
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2nd UIC’s RailTopoModel and railML conference
ARIANE : MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Ariane is globally designed on same bases as UIC RailTopoModel
ØNetwork topology, multi-referencing, localization, objects and installations, business events,…multi-levels (lines, tracks,…),…natively geographic,…
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ARIANE UML Model
Coming soon….Interlocking
Line Topology & referencing Track Topology
& referencingN
etw
ork
Topo
logy
Network Segmentations
Installations
Signaling
RoutesProtections & ElementaryRoutes
Catenary
Linear characteristics
Net
wor
k ob
ject
s an
d pr
oper
ties
> 200 Object Classes
A
Trafficlife-cycle
Projects & Works
Bus
ines
s Ev
ents
on
Net
wor
k
Customer ordering for circulation
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UIC RailTopoModelNext steps towards an International Railway StandardAiry MAGNIEN, Data, Statistics & Economics Unit
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Standardization> What is a standard ?
ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996 defines a standard as a document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context (“fit for purpose”)
> Standards are recommendations, not laws, but• they can be made mandatory via law (UIC leaflets are often made national laws !)• they can be required by contractual arrangements• voluntary adhesion to standards is often expected
> International Standardization bodiesAre non-governmental, non-profit organizationsTheir members are “national committees”•“national” = a reminiscence from the past?•Committees include manufacturers, providers, distributors and vendors, consumers and users, all levels of governmental agencies, professional societies and trade associations as well as standards developers from national standards bodies.
Interoperability and Standards / EU experience / 17 September 2013
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Steps in standardization
1. Market need è Feasibility study report, 2013
2. Requirements è (Ditto)
3. Specification è based on UML Diagram, end of 2014
4. Approval & publication è IRS, mid 2015
5. Implementation & testing guidelines è (Ditto)Generic model è propose consistent usage“what’s behind ‘macro’ / ‘meso’ / ‘micro’ level ?”
6. Maintenance & review è see presentation : <add ref.>+ possible extensions
Source : CoPRaS
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From UIC leaflets to IRS
> Why “International Railway Standards” ?CEN/CENELEC/ETSI Standards made necessary by EU interoperabilitydirectives & TSIs are increasingly derived from, and substituting UIC leafletsThe remaining UIC leaflets should not excessively differ from other international standards (format, structure, content)UIC is member of ETSI and has also prepared memoranda of understanding with CEN & CENELEC in view of joint standards : seek convergence
> How ?IT platform with Rational Doors-derived requirements management toolCoordinated work programme (where are the priorities?)
changes in existing UIC leaflets are expected to trigger migration to IRSnew technologies will follow the IRS format immediately
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UIC code è IRS code ?
The current UIC code (chapters 0-9) is well understood, but ‘historic’There are inconsistencies regarding new technologiesOne-to-one correspondence between UIC leaflets and IRS will be sought, but will not always be possible or advisable – especially concerning IT
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More internal testing
> Standards reflect established “best” practice
> This does not tell about their usability
è Also Self-Test by UIC
> “ERIM reborn”Network: based on OpenStreeMap + other sourcesAttributes :
EDM (1998) & ERIM (2004-2009) iron network databasesRepresentation : macro-level and corridor-levelAdded value : reduced data collection cost using railML3Date: early 2015
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Thank you for your kind attention
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