A Revolution Called 3D Printing Prepared by: Ankush,
Prashant
3D printing or Additive Manufacturing takes digital input in
the form of Computer Aided Design (CAD) model and creates solid,
three dimensional parts through an additive, layer by layer
process.
A person creates a 3D image of an item using a computer- aided
design (CAD) software program. The CAD information is sent to the
printer. The printer forms the item by depositing the material in
layersstarting from the bottom layeronto a platform. In some cases
light or lasers are used to harden the material. How Does It
Work?
1984 - 86 Charles Hull invents 3D printing and coins the term
Stereo Lithography 1992 First 3D printer built by 3D Systems 1999
First application of 3D printing in the medical field - creating
the human bladder History
2000 Miniature human kidney created through 3D printing 2006
The Selective Laser Sintering machine printing multiple materials
& fields 2009 First usable prosthetic leg this opens the door
for customized products using 3D printing 2011 3D printers start
offering 14k gold as printable material
It is predicted that the 3D printing industry is set to grow
300% in the next 7 years! (Source:
http://on3dprinting.com/2012/08/06/infographic-how-3d-printing-works-industry-growth-stocks-and-more/
) Projected Growth
USES OF 3D PRINTING 9/9/2013 7
Concept Modeling Use: Concept modeling lets small design and
engineering firms extend their reach by testing out more ideas and
developing only the right projects. For large companies, concept
modeling within departments or even in individual cubicles is a way
to hone ideas before presenting them to superiors. Example:
California-based 3D Reprographics makes architectural models for
its clients. They found 3D printing to be a great fit for making a
strong accurate presentation model.
Use: Functional prototyping helps in creating amazingly
realistic prototypes with the look and feel of a real product.
Example: Lamborghini, while developing its new flagship model
Aventador in 2011, made extensive use of 3D printing technology to
build a functional prototype of the car. Functional
Prototyping
Use: Quick, low-volume tooling and custom fixtures give
manufacturers the flexibility to embrace more opportunities.
Example: Xerox introduced a low-volume printer to serve a
specialized market. 3D printing offered quick solutions with 350
components printed and generated within 1 hour for testing of the
new machine. Manufacturing Tools
End Use Parts Use: 3D printing is capable of building the most
durable, stable, and repeatable parts in the industry, whose
accuracy can be compared with injection molding. Example: Kelly
Manufacturing Company (KMC), the worlds largest manufacturer of
general aviation instruments, makes extensive use of 3D printing by
producing prototypes of critical components for an aircraft
quickly; the process would otherwise take an estimated 3-4
weeks.
Finishing Use: Sealing, polishing and painting expand the
possibilities of what a 3D printer is capable of. Example: Product
Development Solutions (PDS) specializes in supplying components to
a wide range of industries including medical and aerospace. It
makes extensive use of 3D printing technology in finishing and
painting the parts for a better look and feel of components.
INTRIGUING APPLICATIONS
3D Printing Medical Food Games & Entertainment Do It
YourselfPop-Culture Defense & Space Fashion & Retail
Fashionable Plaster This 3D-printed cast to help repair broken
bones may be the future of medical orthopedic casts. 3D-printed
casts also bring out the positive potential of this emerging
technology. Medical
Artificial Arms for Disabled Richard Van As, a South African
carpenter, assembles a Robohand and fits it to Liam Dippenaar. Liam
was born without fingers on his right hand. Makerbot provided them
with the 3D printing technology that they used to print the parts
for the Robohand. Medical
Bionic Ears Scientists, including an Indian-origin researcher,
have created a 3D-printed bionic ear that can "hear" radio
frequencies far beyond the range of normal human capability. Using
off- the-shelf printing tools, the scientists at Princeton
University explored 3D printing of cells and nano particles,
creating the bionic ear. Medical
Secrets of the Heart Laura Olivieri, a pediatric cardiologist
at the Children's National Medical Center in Washington DC (which
spent $250,000 on the 3D printer) says that these replica hearts
are ideal for dry runs of complex operations, allowing the surgeon
to see beforehand the exact anatomical landscape they will have to
navigate. Medical
Grow Your Own Organs Surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala demonstrated
during TED an early- stage experiment that could someday solve the
organ-donor problem: a 3D printer that uses living cells to print
out a transplantable kidney. Medical
Just Toying Crayon Creatures is a service to turn childrens
drawings into figurines nice-looking designer objects to decorate
the home and office with a colorful touch of wild creativity. Games
& Entertain ment
Animated Characters Sony pictures was the first to embrace the
concept of 3D printing to create characters for the movie Pirates A
Band of Misfits. Games & Entertain ment
3D Printing on TV Popular sitcom The Big Bang Theory shows how
a 3D printer can be used for a hobby; in this case creating their
own miniature figures. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oi_ sJpd7d4c
Pop- Culture
Skyfalls Aston Martin Skyfall filmmakers 3D-printed this rare
Aston Martin so they wouldn't have to damage the original for the
film sequence. The effects crew model makers called on a company
called Voxeljet, which used a massive 3D printer with a capacity of
283 cubic feet to reproduce three 1:3 scale models of the Aston
Martin. Pop- Culture
Print @ Home Microsoft will provide support for 3D printers in
the next update of its Windows 8 operating system. The firm has
struck deals with a number of major 3D printer makers including
Makerbot, 3D Systems, Formlabs, Dassault and Stratasys. Under the
deal they will develop automatically- loading driver software that
will ease 3D printer set-up at home. Do It Yourself
Personalized Robots The use of 3D printing technology has
greatly expanded the possibilities for wing design, allowing wing
shapes to replicate those of real insects or virtually any other
shape. It has also reduced the time of a wing design cycle to a
matter of minutes. An insect made up of 3D printed parts with a
mass of 3.89g has been constructed using the 3D printing technique
and has demonstrated an 85-second passively stable untethered ight.
In the future, we can see more robots that will crawl, fly and roll
out of printers in homes and labs around the world. Do It
Yourself
Pottery Unfold, a design firm based in Belgium, collaborated
with Tim Knapen to create a machine that enables users to sculpt
virtually. The Electronic Artisan is made of a 3D laser scanner and
a RepRap, which is a printer that can create objects in three
dimensions. Virtual artisanship is made possible by the use of
software that tracks hand movement and printing methods that mimic
age-old techniques. Do It Yourself
Components on Demand To prepare for a future where parts can be
built on-demand in space, Made in Space, the space manufacturing
company, has partnered with NASAs Marshall Space Flight Center to
launch the first 3D printer to space. Made in Spaces customized 3D
printer will be the first device to manufacture parts away from
planet Earth. The 3D printing in Zero-G Experiment will validate
the capability of additive manufacturing (AM) in zero-gravity. Do
It Yourself
A Car That Builds Itself Designers and makers have been busy
imagining uses for 3D printers, ranging from casts to houses to
duck feet. Vehicle designer Nir Siegel doesn't just want to
3D-print cars, he wants them to assemble themselves. The Genesis
car concept is just an idea right now, but it's an intriguing
concept. As 3D printers advance, we inch closer to a sci-fi future
where you could call up Audi or Toyota, order a car and have it
delivered, ready to create itself to match your desires. Do It
Yourself
Print Your Home Do It Yourself WikiHouse is an open source
construction set being developed collaboratively by a small, but
growing, community of people all around the world. There is no
fixed design team or studio, but a steadily growing community of
designers from all disciplines. They all share a common belief that
developing freely available design solutions which are affordable,
sustainable and adaptive to differing needs is a worthwhile
aim.
Eyes on You New technologies using Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles
(UAV) could create a new, cost-effective and reliable monitoring
service. Researchers at University of Southampton, UK have created
a new 3D printed drone, called 2Seas, that could soon be used by
maritime security organizations. The heart of 2Seas the central
wing box, fuel tank and engine mountings was 3D-printed, the wings
and tail are made from carbon fiber. Defense & Space
Drone It Yourself Defense & Space Home-built drones are
very popular among hobbyists with backgrounds in electronics and
robotics. Jasper van Loenen, an independent designer working in the
field of interaction design and art, wanted to make the design
simpler so anyone could make their own robots. Van Loenen created a
custom DIY (Drone It Yourself) v1.0 kit that turns any object into
an unmanned aerial vehicle, simply by attaching four motors and a
control unit no technical know-how needed.
http://vimeo.com/jasperl/diy
Liberator Defense Distributed successfully test fired the
world's first 3D-printed handgun named Liberator. All 16 parts of
the gun are made from a tough, heat-resistant plastic used in
products such as musical instruments, kitchen appliances and
vehicle bumper bars. Fifteen of those are made with a 3D printer
while one is a non-functional metal part which can be picked up by
metal detectors, making it legal under U.S. law. The firing pin is
also not made of plastic, though it is easily crafted from a metal
nail. Defense & Space
3D-printed Lunar Base Building a base on the moon could
theoretically be made much simpler by using a 3D printer to
construct it from local materials. The concept was recently
endorsed by the European Space Agency (ESA) which is now
collaborating with architects to gauge the feasibility of 3D
printing using lunar soil. 3D printing offers a potential means of
facilitating lunar settlement with reduced logistics from Earth,
said Scott Hovland of ESAs human spaceflight team. Defense &
Space
Show The World! Malaysian fashion designer Melinda Looi
collaborated with Belgian 3D printing studio Materialise to create
Asias first entirely 3D printed runway collection. Loois design
team worked with 3D modelers and engineers to create each look,
which took months to design before being printed. Fashion &
Retail
Design Your Own Clothes Designed by Joshua Harris, an
industrial engineer, for an Electrolux design competition in 2010,
the concept printer would not only print out clothing, but would
recycle used clothing as well. The idea is that the fashion
designers of the future will sell cartridges for the printer
containing colors and materials to use with their digital designs!
Joshua envisions this printer in homes by 2050!! Fashion &
Retail
Print Your Footwear Fashion designer Iris van Herpen and shoe
designer Rem D Koolhaas have collaborated to create 3D-printed
shoes that look like tree roots. The shoes were presented at Paris
Fashion Week during Iris van Herpen's couture show. Van Herpen is
one of the first fashion designers to experiment with 3D printing.
In an interview with a magazine, she says, Everybody could have
their own body scanned and just order clothes that fit perfectly.
Fashion & Retail
Thats Sweet! Los Angeles architects Kyle and Liz von Hasseln
have set up a business that produces 3D-printed sugar sculptures
for wedding cakes, table centerpieces and pie toppings. This way 3D
printing transforms sugar into a structural and sculptural medium.
In future, it can define the form of the food instead of the food
defining the structure. Food
Space Food NASA can send robots to Mars with no worries about
the food. However, if it's ever going to put humans on the red
planet, then it has to figure out how to feed them over the course
of year-long missions. So the space agency has funded research for
a 3D printer that creates entrees or desserts at the touch of a
button. In this way, NASA seeks inspiration from the concept of the
Food Replicator from the movie Star Trek. Food
Fab Food at Home The 3D food printer is part of the fab@home
series by Cornell university's computational synthesis lab. Headed
by Dr. Jeffrey Ian Lipton, the team's fab@home technology, designed
as a collection of open- source rapid prototyping systems, allows
three-dimensional objects to be printed by a syringe, whose
movements are determined from computer blueprints and models.
Layering lines of material ultimately generate a three-dimensional
object in a process they call solid freeform fabrication. fab@home
machines have already been used to print chocolates, cookies, and
even domes of turkey meat. Food
NOTABLE PLAYERS & PRINTERS
Rep Rap Model: RepRapPr o Huxley Price: $599 Eventorbot Model:
Delta Micro Up Afinia H-Series Price: $1,500 Printrbot Model:
Printrbot GO Price: $1,500 Makerbot Model: Replicator 2x Price:
$2,800 The Future is 3D Model: Glacier Steel Price: 3000 3D Systems
Model: CubeX Price: $3000 Formlabs Model: Form 1 Price: $3,300
Stratasys Model: U print SE Plus Price: $15,000
FUTURE SCENARIOS
Amandas Wandering Home Amanda is a 25-year-old enthusiastic
architect who works as a freelance consultant. She never wanted to
stay in one place and called herself the wanderer! So, when she
decided to build her own home, she thought she wanted something
very unique and a home that was a wanderer in itself. After a
detailed research she built herself a 3D printer that she could
finally call her home! A 3D printer, a home?! The 3D printer was
the central component of her caravan styled home. The caravan had
been 3D printed by the printer around itself. The built-in shredder
could shred the components of the home that she wanted to modify or
remove. Whenever she wanted to be on the move again, the 3D printer
would print out the engine to move the caravan. In stationary
state, the 3D printer would print out energy generation systems
like solar panels and wind turbines. She woke up with the buzz of
the printer that printed out her clothes for the day and she slept
off with the hum of the printer shredding off the waste generated
during the day, hence getting raw
Remya 1st 3D Printed Human Remya is a 1-day-old daughter of the
next-gen 3D printer system called Behold. Behold got released in
the year 2050 and became an instant hit with people who wanted an
extended life by printing out worn out organs and tissues. One day,
a childless couple decided to print much more than just organs.
They got source codes and designs of all the organs and tissues
required in a human body from an open source Creative Commons
platform. They assembled the parts together on a Design Software
and named the file Remya. Next, they just hit the print button! The
whole process took 9 days. At last they had a fully grown child
that they called Remya. Thats when the real problems started- the
printer started showing them the status message,
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