Business and Computing Deanery
3D Modelling Week 2
Software and 3D Modelling
3D Modelling 2
Aims of today Revisit the fundamentals of 3D parametric
modelling Software Hardware Modelling concepts 3D parametric modelling
Primitives 2D to 3D Transformations Aligning Cloning Modifying primitives Boolean
3D Modelling 3
Last week Introduced the module
Presentation, discuss next week Portfolio
Introduced parametric modelling VRML or X3D
3D space Coordinates Axes Transformations 3D primitives
3D Modelling 4
3D space Rectangular coordinate
system Known as Cartesian
coordinates World or global coordinate
system Each object can have its
own local coordinate system Axes
3D Modelling 5
Primitive parametric modelling Numerical description of the object What are the parameters of:
Box (or cuboid)? Size, 3 dimensions
Cylinder? Height and radius
Sphere? Radius
3D Modelling 6
Transformations Geometric transformation
Mathematical operation What are the three possible
methods of transformation in VRML/X3D? Position Rotate Scale
3D Modelling 7
Perspective transformations Perspective projection
Happens automatically in virtually all 3D software
A perspective view is created by projecting each point of the object onto a picture plane
Parallel lines converge in the distance
Creates a 2D image on the monitor/paper
Axonometric projection
3D Modelling 8
Navigation transformations Motions or transformations that
place the viewpoint or camera in different parts of the scene Position Point of interest Camera lens
3D Modelling 9
Display in a webpage A web browser A free plug-ins
Cosmo VRML
http://ovrt.nist.gov/cosmo/ Cortona VRML
http://www.parallelgraphics.com/products/cortona/
Flux VRML and X3D
http://www.mediamachines.com/flux/ BS Contact VRML and X3D
http://www.bitmanagement.de/
3D Modelling 10
3d modelling software Ranges from the free to the very
expensive Why might it be so expensive? What might you expect your 3d
software to do?
3D Modelling 11
Typical scenario Your client asked you to make a 3D
rendering of the steps involved in the self-assembly of a piece of furniture What are your software options? What are the cost implications of the
various pieces of software? What file type would be generated? What are the hardware implications?
3D Modelling 12
Activity In pairs
Find 2 examples of free 3d software Find 3 examples of ‘professional’ 3d
software
http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Business_to_Business/Computers/Software/Graphics/3D/
http://www.google.co.uk/
3D Modelling 13
Activity Of the professional software options
What is the cost of one licence? Can you to make an interactive web
model? What is the recommended hardware for
this software?
3D Modelling 14
Modeller concepts Four types of modelling systems:
Parametric Polygon Spline Patch
Many piece of software combine two or more of these basic techniques
Giambruno M, (2002)
3D Modelling 15
Parametric modellers Retain their base
geometric information Default shape Current size Segments
This information can be accessed and altered
Can be spline or polygon based
Deformations can be applied
3D Modelling 16
Polygon modellers Objects
constructed with polygons Made up of tiny,
flat surfaces More polygons
mean More detail Bigger file sizes
Low polygon Used in real-time
games Small file sizes Quick to render 3ds max v7
3D Modelling 17
Spline modellers A line defined as points, usually
curved Resolution independent
No faces Useful for creating organic shapes Different types
B-spline Bezier NURBS
Non-uniform rational b-splines
3D Modelling 18
Spline types B-spline Bezier NURBS
Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines
More information at http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~dfg/AndysSplineTutorial 3D Graphics and animation
3D Modelling 19
Patch modellers Use a network of control
points Lattice of splines or
polygons Stretch or tug on the
shape Useful for organic forms
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 20
Working in the 3D world Most programs have a common
features Viewports Mouse-selected features
Use right click for context sensitive menus Type-in commands and parameters
3D Modelling 21
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 22
Wireframe modelling Wireframe modelling requires less
computing power than any form of rendering
Default 3 viewports wireframe 1 viewport rendered
Will use either OpenGL or DirectX But not proper rendering with
lighting and shadows Takes even more processing power
3D Modelling 23
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 24
Different viewports 3ds max allows lots of different
viewport arrangements
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 25
Viewports Customisable
viewports Top Left or right Perspective Camera
Pan Slide around
Zoom in or out Zoom all
3D Modelling 26
Common 3D primitives Can you name
them? Cone Sphere GeoSphere Teapot Box Tube Cylinder Taurus
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 27
Activity Start up 3ds max
Draw a primitive shape Experiment with panning, zooming Change the viewpoints Experiment with ‘right clicking’
3D Modelling 28
Units and scale English
Feet an inches Metric
Meters and centimetres Generic
Decimal numbers
3D Modelling 29
Activity Using 3ds max help
Help>User reference Find out how to alter the units
system Make sure that the software is set to
Metres
3D Modelling 30
Self assessment What are the four types of modelling
concepts used by modelling software? What is the most useful for gaming?
Why is this used for gaming? Why does it not work well for
Rendered views? Organic shapes?
Discuss the four methods of converting 2D shapes to 3D Give an example of each for constructing
everyday objects
3D Modelling 31
File formats for modelling Portable or universal file format
DXF .dxf Drawing Interchange Format Widely used in CAD (Computer Aided Design)
OBJ .obj Computer animation an visual effects
3ds .3ds Mesh
Native May be converted 3ds max .max
3D Modelling 32
Exporting/importing files File conversion
3D Studio (3DS) Adobe Illustrator (AI) ASC Scene Export (ASE) AutoCAD (DWG) AutoCAD (DXF) Shockwave 3D FiLMBOX (FBX) Initial Graphics Exchange Standard (IGES) Lightscape Material (ATR) Lightscape Blocks (BLK) Lightscape Parameter (DF) Lightscape Layers (LAY) Lightscape View (VW) Lightscape Preparation File (LP) Stereolithography (STL) VRML97 (WRL)
3D Modelling 33
Activity Import your VRML model from
Portfolio 1
3D Modelling 34
Transforms using software Move
Numerical Using your mouse
Rotate Revolve around a
selected axis Pivot point
Scale In one direction?
Mirror Reverses an object
Or Copies a reversed
version of it along a selected axis
Useful for what?
3D Modelling 35
Transform tips Work in plan and side view Use gizmos
Viewport icons that let you quickly choose one or two axes when transforming a selection with the mouse.
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 36
Align Bring object surfaces flush with each
other Center Left Right
Face Edge Vertex
3D Modelling 37
Copying and instancing Copy
Creates a completely separate clone from the original. Modifying one has no effect on the other
Instance Creates a completely interchangeable clone of the
original. Modifying an instanced object is the same as modifying the original
Reference method Creates a clone dependent on the original up to the
point when the object is cloned. Changing parameters for modifiers that were applied to the object before the object was referenced, will change both objects. However, a new modifier can be applied to one of the reference objects, and it will affect only the object to which it is applied. 3ds max v7
3D Modelling 38
Array Series of clones Linear
Select object Define axis Define distance Define number
Radial Select axis Specify number
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 39
Activity Today build a table with objects on
top Give every object a name Experiment with
Align Scale Mirror Copy
3D Modelling 40
Deforms or modifiers Modifiers provide a way for you to sculpt
and edit objects change the geometry of an object
An unlimited number of modifiers can be applied to an object
Modifiers can be deleted Modifiers can be copied to other objects The order or sequence in which you add
modifiers is important. Each modifier affects those that come after it.
3D Modelling 41
Selection of modifiers Bend Bevel Lathe Edit mesh Patch deformer Surface modifier Optimize Edit spline Taper
Smooth Twist Skin modifier Mirror Extrude
Refer to 3ds max 7 help
3D Modelling 42
Bend modifier Parameters
Angle Direction Axis Limits
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 43
Taper modifier Parameters
Amount Curve Axis Limits
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 44
Twist modifier Parameters
Angle Bias Axis Limits
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 45
Squash modifier Parameters
Axial bulge Amount Curve
Radial squeeze Amount Curve
Limits Effect balance
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 46
Object data flow The software
evaluates changes affecting the object for display The object data flow
is the order in which they are evaluated
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 47
The Modifier Stack Using the Modifier Stack
Find a particular modifier and adjust its parameters
View and manipulate the sequence of modifiers Copy, cut, and paste modifiers between objects,
or sets of objects Deactivate the effect of a modifier in the stack,
the viewport display, or both Select a modifier’s components, such as gizmo
or centre Delete modifiers.
3ds max 7 help
3D Modelling 48
Activity Add a teapot, a cylinder, a sphere to
your table Bend them Taper Twist them Squash them
3D Modelling 49
3D Booleans Powerful sculpting tools Multiple objects Usually destructive
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 50
Union Boolean Union or addition
The intersecting or overlapping portion of the geometry is removed.
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 51
Intersection Boolean Intersection
Where they overlap
3ds max v7
3D Modelling 52
Subtraction Subtraction (or difference)
The Boolean object contains the volume of one original object with the intersection volume subtracted from it
a - b b - a3ds max v7
3D Modelling 53
Activity Make a fruit bowl on your table
using Boolean Make a fruit bowl using lath Are there any more ways?
3D Modelling 54
Organising yourself Save frequently Organise your work
How? Save different versions of your work
with new file names Folders for tutorial work Folders for portfolio work
3D Modelling 55
Covered today Software Hardware Modelling concepts 3D parametric modelling
Primitives 2D to 3D Transformation s Aligning Cloning Modifying primitives Boolean
3D Modelling 56
Self assessment In building a model to display furniture
Compare the use of different types of cloning of shapes in the modelling of a furniture display
Give two instances of how array might be used in a furniture display and how the parameters would be set
Describe the how 3D primitives could be added/subtracted together to model a piece of furniture
3D Modelling 57
Next week Get to know the software
Work on 3ds max tutorials Next portfolio Directed reading
By now you should have read chapters 1- 5 of 3D Graphics & Animation
For next week read chapters 7 & 8 Next week we will discuss your
presentation YOU need to think about it and ask are you
approaching it in the correct way
3D Modelling 58
References Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation,
2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer
Animation and Effects , 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366
3ds max 7 User Reference and Tutorials
Top Related