DirectingDirectingThe Heart of the
Managerial Process
The Heart of the Managerial Process
Directing as a Function of ManagementDirecting as a Function of Management
Management is an art of DIRECTING human efforts to achieve stipulated objectives.
5 Functions of Management by Koontz & O’ DonellPlanningPlanning
ControllingControlling
DirectingDirecting
StaffingStaffing OrganizingOrganizing
Directing as a Function of ManagementDirecting as a Function of Management
The Principles of Directing:
supervision guidance
goals written or
verbal complete & logical
encourage cooperation follow-up
The Principles of Directing:
supervision guidance
goals written or
verbal complete & logical
encourage cooperation follow-up
Elements of
Directing
Elements of
DirectingLeadership
Communication
Delegation
Decision Making
Policies and Procedures
Supervision
Coordination
Motivation
Staff Development
Conflict Management
1. Leadership
Elements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
True leadership is about taking people to a place that they would not go to by themselves.
True leadership is about taking people to a place that they would not go to by themselves.
Elements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
2. Communication
Elements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
Ideation
Encoding
Transmission
Receiving
Decoding
Response
Ideation
Encoding
Transmission
Receiving
Decoding
Response
Superior to subordinateSuperior to subordinateFrom subordinatesFrom subordinates
Between peersBetween peers
From caregivers to patients, etc.
From caregivers to patients, etc.Not on the same level of hierarchy
Not on the same level of hierarchy RumorRumor
Assess Plan Intervene Evaluate
Right… Person Task Time
3. Delegation
Elements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
-to assign specific tasks to workers-to assign specific tasks to workers
Elements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
4. Decision Making & Problem Solving
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22
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55
•Normative•Decision Tree•Descriptive
•Normative•Decision Tree•Descriptive
Decision Making Models:
Decision Making Models:
(value-based)(value-based) (scientific process)
(scientific process)
5. Policies & Procedures
Elements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
Policies = guidelines, tools for orienting, used as reference, basis for developing procedures
Procedures = specific directions for imple-menting policies, used for standardization, for teaching & evaluating, for updating employees
Policies = guidelines, tools for orienting, used as reference, basis for developing procedures
Procedures = specific directions for imple-menting policies, used for standardization, for teaching & evaluating, for updating employees
Sample Employee Handbook
Table of Contents
Sample Employee Handbook
Table of Contents
6. Supervision
Elements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
Supervising means overseeing the activities of others. It is inspecting, guiding, evaluating, and improving the work performance of employees.
Supervising means overseeing the activities of others. It is inspecting, guiding, evaluating, and improving the work performance of employees.
7. CoordinationElements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
Whom do we coordinate with? - Medical, administrative, radiology, laboratory, pharmacy, dietary, social service, community agencies, and other institutions
Whom do we coordinate with? - Medical, administrative, radiology, laboratory, pharmacy, dietary, social service, community agencies, and other institutions
-synchronization of activities-synchronization of activities
Elements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
8. MotivationElements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
-To arouse, excite, or influence behavior
-To arouse, excite, or influence behavior
9. Staff Development
Elements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
Programs include seminars, case conferences, “shadowing” or “buddy” system, formal schooling, professional publications, inservice training, & certification classes
Programs include seminars, case conferences, “shadowing” or “buddy” system, formal schooling, professional publications, inservice training, & certification classes
Employees who are educated and supported are more likely to be empowered, forward thinking and motivated.
Employees who are educated and supported are more likely to be empowered, forward thinking and motivated.
10. Conflict Management
Elements of Directing :Elements of Directing :
“Conflict is a differing of ideas.”
Types of conflict:
•Overt•Covert
Types of conflict:
•Overt•Covert
•Vertical•Horizontal
•Vertical•HorizontalHow do we resolve
these conflicts? –avoidance, accomodation, compromise, collaboration, competition
How do we resolve these conflicts? –avoidance, accomodation, compromise, collaboration, competition
SUMMARYSUMMARY
Effective directing will result in greater harmony in the actions of supervisors and employees & in the achievement of the objectives of personnel as well as of the enterprise. Directing will be most effective when employees have leaders who provide direct personal contact.
Directing that encourages leadership, motivation, and communication techniques and emphasizes the human aspects of managing individuals is most desirable. Personal and motivational goals are met as the nurse is motivated to be ambitious and responsible, to show initiative, to be proud of fellow nurses and the employing institution, to welcome change, and to demonstrate individual abilities.
Thank
You!Thank
You!