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Sardar
AutomationSolutions
: 8-
-- --. 009647504555969009647504632358
: 20,, 6.
00201670550600020239125992
Kurdistan Vision
Industrial Automationand Control in
Construction Plants
www.sardarautomation.com
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Sardar Automation Solutions
Industrial Automation and
Control
1:PLC architecture and hardware & WiringStrategies
2:Basic PLC instructions3:PLC Ladder Logic Language I
4:PLC Ladder Logic Language II
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Objectives:
Component.
Architecture.
Functionally. To Distinguish the features of IA
computation tasks.
Performance specification of CPU, IO,
MMI, and communication module. Function modules.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Introductory remarks:
Nature of IA computation.
interfaced with physical signals.
slow/fast. complexity : lowmedium
repetitive and real-time tasks : mostlystatic scheduling, simple os.
critical in nature. ( worst case must beconsidered in it).
harsh environment.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
PLC architecture:
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Processor Module: Hardware features
Standard processor: 80186
CO-processor, IO processor
Ram, dual ported ram(read write at
same time). EPROM/EEPROM
Programmer port
Network port
back up Battery. Power supply, Internal/External
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
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Typical PLC system:
Multiple CPU units.
Communicationprocessors.
Rack Mounted IOmodules.
Power Supply
n n
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
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Basic Hardware Architecture:
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
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Data Bus & Address Bus:
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Processor Module : software Features
Counting: software UP/DN counters (0-999) up to 10100 khz.
Timing: several software times (ms-hours).
PID controls: Different configurations.
Program execution: Cyclic, TimeControlled, interrupt Driven.
Computational capabilities: lowercompared to normal PCs.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Input Modules:
Converts process level signals to processor
levels.
Provides Isolation: Opto couplers.
fault indication for wire break.
Analog or Digital.
A/D converter to analog input modules: 12
bits.
Several channels :32/64 digital channels, 8analogs channels.
Special inputs: thermocouple, RTD, Encoder.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Output Modules:
Convert Processor Level to Process level.
Isolation
Analog Voltage/ Current Drive: servo amps
Digital
Voltage/Current switching: Triac.
Potential free relay contacts ,NO,NC
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Analog IO modules:
Analog signal termination. PLC bus ports.
Simultaneous sample and hold.
Multiplexed AD conversation.
Analog/Digital output drivers.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Distributed IO modules (remote IO):
Intelligent field mounted IOdevices.
Saving in cabling costs.
Prameterizable from processor/programmer.
Improve data integrity.
Positioning with analog/digitalencoders.
High speed counters.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Function Modules:
independent modules that execute tasksindependently.
For precision and high speed tasks
precoded control laws self optimizing capability
Typical Application:
Stepper/servo control.
Multi-axis synchronization. Used along with distributed IO systems.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Counter modules:
Multiple counters.
Count redouble on the fly.
High speed count.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Data Paths:
Rack - Mount.
BackPlane connected with functionand i/0 modules.
Bus extension possible.
Rackslotchannel addressing.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
Man Machine Interface (MMI,HMI)
PLC modules have limited MMILEDs.
Operator panels
Push button.
Micro/ Multifunction.
Mobile.
Visualization software running on the pc.
SCADA systems with remote terminal
units. Panel PC with touch screen.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Sardar Automation Solutions
MMI:
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
n n
Programming Devices:
Handle held programmer
tabletop programmer
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Communication:
point-to- point/ bus/ network/ remote.
Modules support for different media:
Radio Co-ax
FO
Different protocols RS232, RS 422/485,
Industrial Ethernet Network 10mbp. Field Bus, CAN Bus, Profi Bus
Proprietary
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
Advantages of distributed /network IO
Cost Saved on maintenance integrity ofhigh speed signals.
Cost save in cabling.
Local Sensor diagnostics.
Special functions like start up.
Centralized coordination/monitoring.
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1. PLC architecture and hardware
PLC sizes production application ranges
1.micro PLCs
2.small PLCs
3.medium PLCs
4.large PLCs
5.very large PLCs
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2. Basic PLC instructions
Processor Scan:
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2. Basic PLC instructions
Memory Structure and Capacity:
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2. Basic PLC instructionsThe memory Overview:
The executive memory. Application memory.
The executive and scratch pad areas are hiddenfrom the user and can be considered a singlearea of memory that, for our purpose, is calledsystem memory. On the other hand, the datatable and user program areas are accessible andare required by the user for control applications.They are called application memory.
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2. Basic PLC instructionsMemory map:
Executive Area. The executive is apermanently stored collection of programsthat are considered part of the system itself.These supervisory programs direct systemactivities, such as execution of the controlprogram, communication with peripheraldevices, and other system housekeepingactivities.
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2. Basic PLC instructions
Memory map: Scratch Pad Area. This is a temporary storage
area used by the CPU to store a relatively
small amount of data for interim calculations
and control. The CPU stores data that is
needed quickly in this memory area to avoidthe longer access time involved with
retrieving data from the main memory.
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2. Basic PLC instructionsMemory map:
Data Table Area. This area stores all dataassociated with the control program, such astimer/counter preset values and other storedconstants and variables used by the controlprogram or CPU. The data table also retains
the status information of both the systeminputs (once they have been read) and thesystem outputs (once they have been set bythe control program).
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2. Basic PLC instructions
Memory map: User Program Area. This area provides
storage for programmed instructionsentered by the user. The user programarea also stores the control program.
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2. Basic PLC instructions
Application Memory Map:
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2. Basic PLC instructions
Input Table:
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2. Basic PLC instructions
Output Table:
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2. Basic PLC instructions
Storage Area Table:
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2. Basic PLC instructions
Sample: Closed Limit switch to an internaloutput