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HistoricalBackground
Main Events and
BehavioralLegacies
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History Timeline
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Focus on Key Concepts to
explain Behavioral Legaciesn Group Orientationn Individual Expressionn Universal Principles
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Group Orientationn Kinshipn Bureaucracyn Ie (household) systemn Group decision makingn Samurai spirit (loyalty)
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IndividualExpression n Arts
n Political and economic ambitionn Private propertyn Individual rightsn Samurai spirit (self-discipline)
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UniversalPrinciplesn Buddhismn Confucianismn Nationalismn Democracy
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Historical Background I:A Merging of Cultures
Japanese familybased organizationChinese bureaucratic
administration
Time Period: 300-1456 AD
Classical Period: 500-1192
Feudal Period: 1192-1456
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Introduction: A Merging of
Cultures
n To what extent did the Japanese
adopt Chinese culture?n In what ways were the cultures
compatible or incompatible?n What behavioral legacies have
they left for today?
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The Main Events
n The establishment of Japanesekinship organization
n The adoption of Chinese culture andAdministration
n The rise of the Samurai
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Behavioral Legacies
n Merging of family and bureaucraticorganization
n
Figureheads and consensus administrationn Classical Expressionn Cooperation amongst competitors:
Buddhism and Shinton Samurai spirit: loyalty & self-discipline
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The establishment of Japanesekinship organization
n Prehistoric Jomon and Yayoicultures
n Establishment of Uji (clan/family)based social and political
organizationn Yamato establishes first control
over large arean Contact with Korea and China
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e a op on oChinese culture and
Administrationn The Buddhist vectorn Writing, music, architecture, technologyn The Imperial system (with continuous succession)
n Bureaucratic administration (with kinship basedselection)
n Idealized cities and land control
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The rise of the
Samurain The breakdown of imperial
administration and land controln
The rise of the warrior bandsn The Kamakura Shogunate (1192)n The Ashikaga Shogunate (1368)n The Warring States (1467-1573)
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Genji Monogatarivs. Ran
n What are the values and interestsof Prince Genji? Of the Women inhis life?
n What are the values and interestsof of the samurai and the women inRan?
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Behavioral Legacies
n Merging of family and bureaucraticorganization
n
Figureheads and consensusadministrationn Classical Expressionn Cooperation amongst competitors:
Buddhism and Shinton Samurai spirit: loyalty & self-discipline
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Fi h d d
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Figureheads andconsensus administration
n Leader in name only, most decisionsmade by next rank of advisors together
n
Classical examples: Imperialadministration, Shogunates.
n Present examples: emperor, companies,government administration, ministries.
n Decisiveness and speed can be an issue
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ClassicalExpression
n Poetry, calligraphy, painting, perfumes,flowers, music, theatre, gardens, architecture.
n Life, love and art of the courtly life (miyabi-refinement & mono no aware-sadness atthings passing).
n Samurai emulation, practice and sponsorship.n
Buddhism: Monastic, Salvation,Zen(cultivated poverty of simplicity andrusticity).
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oopera on amongs
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oopera on amongscompetitors: Buddhism
and Shinton Competing for followersn Buddhism incorporated Shinto practices
and offered new onesn Shinto adopted Buddhist use of arts and
textsn Shared space and followersn
Most Japanese remain both Shinto andBuddhist; people and groups can competeand cooperate at same time
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S i i it
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Samurai spirit:loyalty & self-discipline
n
Samurai expected to sacrifice himself for lord inbattle and obediencen Loyalty to lord based on return of favor in land,
defense, gains from war.n The role of Zen: military training & artsn Developed into Bushido, administrative
performance, corporate loyalty
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Hi i l B k d II
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Historical Background II:Feudalism to Modernism
Hierarchic organization of society 1603-1868The spread of individualismand nationalism 1868-1900
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Introductionn How did Japanese society become
structured in the Tokugawa period?n
What were the conflicting bases of thisstructure?n How did that structure begin to
change after the opening of Japan?n How was centralization reinforced
after the opening of Japan?
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Main EventsTokugawa Periodn Unification and centralizationn
Social stratification
Meiji Restoration Periodn The opening of Japann The drive for Modernization
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Behavioral Legacies
n The formalization of the Ie(household system)
n
The culture of the floating worldn Private property and individualismn Nationalism
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Unification and Centralizationn Three Generals: Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi
Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasun Land survey and allocationn Alternate attendance of lords (daimyo)n
Establishment of a system of citiesn Closure of the country
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Transportation,Alternate Residence and
the Creation of a System
of Cities
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Social Stratificationn Samurai and Nobility
(Shi)n Farmers (No)n
Craftsmen (Ko)n Merchants (Sho)n (Floating world (Ukiyo)
people and Eta)
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The Opening of Japann The degradation of the Tokugawa systemn
The Black Shipsn The Meiji restorationn The unequal treaties
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The Drive for Modernizationn Rich country, strong armyn Foreign delegations and expertisen Reform of government institutionsn Business takes over industrialization
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Behavioral LegaciesTokugawan The formalization of the family system to
the Ie (household system)
n The culture of the floating world
Meiji Restorationn
Private property and individualismn Nationalism
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Formalization of the Ie
(household system)n Samurai kinship becamemodel for family andother organizations
n
Passing on of householdheritage intact moreimportant than individual
n Main and branch
householdsn Graves, Iemoto systems
of arts, businesses
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The culture of the
floating worldn Expression in wood block printing,
bunraku, kabuki, sumo, haiku,
netsuke, gardens, etc.n Merchant wealth, commoner
creativityn
Samurai sensibilities, merchantemulation
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Private property
and individualismn The end of formal
feudalstratification
n Extension ofprivate property
n Beginnings of
constitutionalrights
Nationalis
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Nationalism n From preservation of Shogun lineage to
preservation of nationn The Emperor as god and national symboln The military connectionn Reaction against westernization
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Summing Upn How did Japanese society become
structured in the Tokugawa period?n
What were the conflicting bases ofthis structure?n How did that structure begin to
change after the opening of Japan?n How was centralization reinforced
after the opening of Japan?
Historical Background III:
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Historical Background III:Authoritarianism to Democracy
The military takescontrol 1900-1945
Democracy becomesrooted 1945-Now
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Introductionn How authoritarian was Japan
before World War II?n What legacies of authoritarian
Japan remain today?n How strongly is democracy rooted
in Japan?n How did group orientation and
individual expression develop inJapans post-war economy?
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Main Eventsn Fragile democracy crushed by militarismn Defeat in World War IIn
American Occupation and reformsn The political and economic miracles
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Behavioral Legacies
n Entrenched authoritarianismand nationalism
n Entrenched opposition to
authoritarianism andnationalism
n Universal expansion ofindividual rights
n Corporatism andentrepreneurialism
rag e emocracy
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rag e emocracyCrushed by Militarism
n
The constitution and itsweaknessn The growth of party
politics
n Japans imperialismn The army gets out of
control
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Defeat in World War IIn
American reaction to Japans expansionn Pearl Harbour, Hong Kong, and Singaporen The Asia-Pacific Warn The Atomic Bombs
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American Occupation
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American Occupationand Reforms
n Supreme Allied CommandPacific (SCAP)
n Social, economic & politicalreforms
n The peace constitutionn The reverse course
The Political and
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The Political andEconomic Miracles
n
The solidification of democracyn The income doubling plann Japan as Number Onen The bursting of the bubble
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Behavioral Legacies
n Entrenched authoritarianism andnationalism
n Entrenched opposition to
authoritarianism and nationalismn Universal expansion of individual
rightsn Corporatism and
entrepreneurialism
Entrenched Authoritarianism
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Entrenched Authoritarianism& Nationalism
n
American preservation of wartime bureaucracyn Recapture of central powern A directed and protected economyn A few fanatics
n renc e ppos on o
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e c e ppos o oAuthoritarianism & Nationalism
n
Rejection of wartime values and support ofdemocracyn The rise of the socialists and communistsn Support for peace constitution and fight against flag
and anthem
Universal Expansion of
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Universal Expansion ofIndividual Rights
n Expansion of voting rightsn End of family registration system
Corporatism & Entrepreneurialism
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Corporatism & Entrepreneurialismn Development of Japanese management system
n Creation of salaryman middle classn Reliance on small and medium sized firmsn Entrepreneurial tradition
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Summing Upn How authoritarian was Japan
before World War II?n What legacies of authoritarian
Japan remain today?n How strongly is democracy rooted
in Japan?n How did group orientation and
individual expression develop inJapans post-war economy?
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