8
I Facts and Figures
3. Work
■ Number of Employed Persons by Industry and SexThe number of employed women continues to increase. By contrast, the number of employed men has declined since 1995, particularly in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, construction, and manufacturing.
■ Number of Dual-Income HouseholdsLooking at the employment of wives in households in which their husbands are employed (as salaried workers), in 1980 the number of single-income households (man was employed) was nearly double the number of dual-income households, however in the 1990s the number of dual-income households surpassed the number of those in which only the man was employed, and it continues to be on an upward trend.
Source: “Labour Force Survey (Basic Tabulation),” MICNote: Attention should be paid to the time-line of the data, because of revisions of the Japan Standard Industry Classification.
Source:“Special Survey of the Labour Force Survey” “Labour Force Survey (Detailed Tabulation)”, MICNote:1 . “ H o u s e h o l d s c o n s i s t i n g o f a n
employed husband and a non working wife” refers to households in which the husband is employed in a non-agriculture and forestry sector and the wife is not employed.
2. “Dual-income households” refers to households in which both the husband and the wife are employees in non-agr iculture and forestry sectors.
3. Actual numbers in brackets for 2010 and 2011 are national wide results that exclude Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures.
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,0004,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0
1955
1975
1995
2005
2015
2016
MenWomen
Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesMiningConstructionManufacturing
Electricity/Gas/Heat supply and Water, Transport and CommunicationsWholesale and Retail trade, Eating and Drinking placesFinancing and Insurance, Real estate, ServicesGovernment
10,000persons
(Year)
774 172 466 169 426 233 112
38
774 172 466 169 426 233 112
38
330 420 871 319 619 524 165
15
330 420 871 319 619 524 165
15
198 557 915 371 723 883 176
5
198 557 915 371 723 883 176
5
163 487 774 425 696 951 180
3
163 487 774 425 696 951 180
3
140 425 723 450 649 1009 168
3
140 425 723 450 649 1009 168
3
138 418 727 449 652 1030 168
2
138 418 727 449 652 1030 168
2
19 239 335 291 762
24 23
7
19 239 335 291 762
24 23
7
31 501 508 44 475 59 331
1
31 501 508 44 475 59 331
1
42 944 726 73 542 106 169
1
42 944 726 73 542 106 169
1
49 1112 769 104 368811191
49 1112 769 104 368811191
62 1317 731 122 31375871
62 1317 731 122 31375871
62 1358 738 125 31374841
62 1358 738 125 31374841
ここにあった原稿は消去しました。
700
900
1100
1300
600
800
1000
1200
(10,000 households)
(Year)
1980
1990
2000
2010
2018
Households consisting of an employed husband and a non working wifeDual-income households
823
897
942
916
1,077
720
1,065
745
[987]
[771] [773]
[973]
1,114
687
1,129
664641
606
1,188
1,219
614
1,114
9
I Facts and Figures
■ Women’s Labour Force Participation Rate by Age GroupThe labour force participation rates of women in Japan by age group illustrates an “M-shaped curve” due to the burdens in the labour force participation of women around their thirties.The Women’s labour participation rates in most of other developed countries no longer shows M-shape.
■ Women Employment RateThe women employment rate from age 15 to 64 in Japan in 2017 is 67.4% and 16th among 35 OECD countries.
■ Work History of Wives before and after Giving Birth to Their First ChildThe percentage of women who continue working before and after giving birth to their first child had hovered around 40% but the percentage of women giving birth to their first child between 2010–2014 increased to 53.1%. “Before” means when finding out about pregnancy and “after” means when child was 1 year old.
Source: Japan: Data from “Labour Force Survey 2018 (Basic Tabulation)” MICOther Countries: Data from “LABORSTA” and “ILOSTAT,” International Labour Organization (Data of United States as of 2018; Data of Sueden, France and Germany as of 2017)Note: “Labour force participation rate”=Proportion of labour force participation (Employed persons+Unemployed persons) in total population 15 years and over
Source: Created from “OECD Stat,” OECDNote: “Women employment rate” = the number of Women employed persons / Women population
Source:Data from “The National Fertility Survey,” the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
10
30
50
70
90
(Age)15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65 and Over
Sweden France Germany United States Japan
83.983.987.487.4
80.880.8
76.976.9
74.974.9
74.874.8
79.679.679.6
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2017 2017 OECD average
Turk
eyG
reec
eM
exic
oIta
lyC
hili
Spai
nKo
rea
Belg
ium
Pola
ndSl
ovak
Rep
ublic
Hun
gary
Fran
ceIre
land
Luxe
mbo
urg
Portu
gal
Uni
ted
Stat
esIs
rael
Slov
enia
Cze
ch R
epub
licJa
pan
Aust
ralia
Aust
riaLa
tvia
Finl
and
Uni
ted
King
dom
Can
ada
Esto
nia
Net
herla
nds
Ger
man
yD
enm
ark
New
Zea
land
Nor
way
Switz
erla
ndSw
eden
Icel
and
67.4
83.3
60.1
0
20
40
60
80
100
10
30
50
70
90
1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 2010-20142005-2009
(%)
Not StatedUnemployed before becoming pregnant Cessation of employment upon becoming pregnantContinuous employment (not using child- care leave)Continuous employment (using child- care leave)
(Year of birth of first child)
Employed before becoming pregnant 72.2%
Cessation of employment upon becoming pregnant
46.9%
Continuous employment 53.1%
3.1
35.5
37.3
18.4
5.7
3.4
34.6
37.7
16.3
8.1
3.8
32.8
39.3
13.0
11.2
3.8
28.4
40.3
12.2
15.3
4.1
24.0
42.9
9.5
19.4
4.2
23.6
33.9
10.0
28.3
10
I Facts and Figures
■ Type of EmploymentThe graph indicates the declining proportion of regular staffs in recent years. Particularly, proportion of women regular staffs have been declining since 1985, less than half since 2005, but it has turned upward since 2015.
■ Wage for WorkersThe wage gap between men ordinary workers and women ordinary workers has been decreasing. The wage gap between ordinary workers and part-time workers also has been decreasing.
Source: Data of 1985 and 1995 come from “Special Survey of the Labour Force Survey” (every February) by the Management and Coordination Agency, while data of 2005 and after come from the “Labour Force Survey (Detailed Tabulation)” (annual average) by MIC. Caution is necessary for making chronological comparisons.
Source: Taken from “Basic Survey on Wage Structure,” MHLWNote: ”Wage” is calculated from the scheduled cash earnings in June of each year
MenWomen
0 20 40 60 80 100100 80 60 40 20 0
1985
1995
2005
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
( )( )
Regular staffPart-time workers and Arbeit (temporary worker)Other statuses (e. g. Dispatched worker from temporary labor agency, Contact employees, and entruted employee)
67.928.53.6
60.935.53.7
47.540.711.8
43.644.112.3
43.344.312.3
44.143.912.0
4.1
3.392.6
3.75.291.1
9.18.682.3
11.310.578.2
11.110.878.1
11.111.177.9
11.011.078.1
10.711.577.843.944.211.9
44.543.511.9
(Year)
(%)
Wage of men ordinary workers = 100
(Year)
Level of wages of women ordinary workersLevel of hourly wages of part-time workers
65.3
49.9
40
50
60
70
80
45
55
65
75
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Hourly wage of ordinary workers = 100
72.2 73.0 73.472.2 73.0 73.4
57.158.0
59.4
57.158.0
59.4
Top Related