241-206: Chapter 2Networking Fundamentals
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Chapter Outline
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Chapter Outline
• Network Terminology
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Chapter Outline
• Network Terminology
• Bandwidth
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Chapter Outline
• Network Terminology
• Bandwidth
• Networking Models
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Network Terminology
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Physical Network Topology
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Computer Communication Protocol
• data representation
• signaling
• authentication
• error detection
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Standard Organization
• IETF, IEEE, ISO for internet communication
• ITU-T for telecommunications and PSTN
• ITU-R for radio communications
• NMEA for marine electronics
• etc.
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Proprietary Standards
• AppleTalk
• DECnet
• IPX/SPX
• Server Message Block (SMB) and CIFS
• Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
• Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Local Area Network (LAN)
• Operate within a limited geographical area
• Usually required high data rate transmission
• Control the network privately under local administration
• Provide full-time connectivity to local services
• Connect physically adjacent devices
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
LAN Devices
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
LAN Devices• Repeater
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
LAN Devices• Repeater
• HUB
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
LAN Devices• Repeater
• HUB
• Bridge
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
LAN Devices• Repeater
• HUB
• Bridge
• Ethernet Switch
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
LAN Devices• Repeater
• HUB
• Bridge
• Ethernet Switch
• Router
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Wide Area Network (WAN)
• Operate over a large geographical area
• Allow access over serial interfaces operating at lower speeds
• Provide full-time and part-time connectivity
• Connect devices separated over wide, even global areas
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
WAN Devices
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
WAN Devices
• Router
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
WAN Devices
• Router
• Modem, DSU/CSU, TA/NT
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
WAN Devices
• Router
• Modem, DSU/CSU, TA/NT
• Communication Switch
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Storage Area Network (SAN)
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
VPN Technologies
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Intranet and Extranet
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Bandwidth
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Why bandwidth is so important?
• Bandwidth is limited by physics and technology
• Bandwidth is not free
• Bandwidth requirement are growing at a rapid rate
• Bandwidth is critical to network performance
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Pipe Analogy for Bandwidth
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Highway Analogy for Bandwidth
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Units of Bandwidth
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Units of Bandwidth
Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence
Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth
Kilobits per second kbps 1 kbps = ~1,000 bps
Megabits per second Mbps 1 Mbps = ~1,000 kbps
Gigabits per second Gbps 1Gbps = ~1,000 Mbps
Terabits per second Tbps 1 Tbps = ~1,000 Gbps
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Units of Bandwidth
Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence
Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth
Kilobits per second kbps 1 kbps = ~1,000 bps
Megabits per second Mbps 1 Mbps = ~1,000 kbps
Gigabits per second Gbps 1Gbps = ~1,000 Mbps
Terabits per second Tbps 1 Tbps = ~1,000 Gbps
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Units of Bandwidth
Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence
Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth
Kilobits per second kbps 1 kbps = ~1,000 bps
Megabits per second Mbps 1 Mbps = ~1,000 kbps
Gigabits per second Gbps 1Gbps = ~1,000 Mbps
Terabits per second Tbps 1 Tbps = ~1,000 Gbps
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Units of Bandwidth
Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence
Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth
Kilobits per second kbps 1 kbps = ~1,000 bps
Megabits per second Mbps 1 Mbps = ~1,000 kbps
Gigabits per second Gbps 1Gbps = ~1,000 Mbps
Terabits per second Tbps 1 Tbps = ~1,000 Gbps
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Units of Bandwidth
Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence
Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth
Kilobits per second kbps 1 kbps = ~1,000 bps
Megabits per second Mbps 1 Mbps = ~1,000 kbps
Gigabits per second Gbps 1Gbps = ~1,000 Mbps
Terabits per second Tbps 1 Tbps = ~1,000 Gbps
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Units of Bandwidth
Unit of Bandwidth Abbreviation Equivalence
Bits per second bps 1 bps = fundamental unit of bandwidth
Kilobits per second kbps 1 kbps = ~1,000 bps
Megabits per second Mbps 1 Mbps = ~1,000 kbps
Gigabits per second Gbps 1Gbps = ~1,000 Mbps
Terabits per second Tbps 1 Tbps = ~1,000 Gbps
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Maximum Bandwidths and Length Limitations
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
WAN Services and Bandwidth
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Throughput
• Actual measured bandwidth
• throughput <= Digital Bandwidth of a medium
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Variables that May Affect Throughput
• PC (client)
• The server
• Other users on the LAN
• Routing within the “Cloud”
• The design (topology) of all networks involved
• Type of data being transferred
• Times of day
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Transfer Time Calculation
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Audio Analogy of Bandwidth
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Networking Models
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Analyzing Network in Layers
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Network Comparisons
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Network Communications
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Layer Communications
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
OSI Model
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Benefits of the OSI Model
• Reduces complexity
• Standardizes interfaces
• Facilitates modular engineering
• Ensures interoperate technology
• Accelerates evolution
• Simplifies teaching and learning
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Physical Layer
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Datalink Layer
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Network Layer
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Transport Layer
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Session Layer
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Presentation Layer
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Application Layer
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Peer-to-Peer Communications
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Peer-to-Peer Communications
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
TCP/IP Model
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Common TCP/IP Protocols
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Comparing TCP/IP with OSI Model
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Data Encapsulation
010101010101010101
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Data Encapsulation Example
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Top Related