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Dental Radiography
2
Extraoral Radiographs
• Panoramic– Common in general and specialty offices
• Cephalometric – Common with orthodontists
• Digital – Becoming standard – Easier for the staff
3
Panoramic Fundamentals
• Tomography– One layer shown
• Rotational centers – Tubehead– Cassette
• Focal trough– Image layer or sharpness
4
Panoramic Unit
• Exposure controls
• Head positioner
• X-ray tubehead
• Cassette holder
5
Panoramic Techniques
• Lead apron without a thyroid collar
• Bite block barrier
• Cassette preparation in dark room
• Explanation of procedure– Patient must be still
6
Cephalometric Radiographs
• Patient’s skeletal structure and profile
• Orthodontists mainly use
7
Radiographic Interpretation
• Terminology– Anatomical landmarks– Radiopaque– Radiolucent– Diagnosis– Interpretation– Superimposition
8
Tooth and Surrounding Tissues
9
Mandibular Landmarks
10
Maxillary Landmarks
11
Maxillary Landmarks
• Terminology– Anatomical landmarks– Radiopaque – Radiolucent– Diagnosis– Interpretation– Superimposition
12
Imaging Systems and Digital Radiology• Computed tomography (CT)
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Digital radiography– New technology becoming common– Dental film not needed
13
Digital Radiology
• Analog image – No limits
• Intraoral and extraoral possible
• Pixels and gray scale
14
Digital Radiology• Direct digital imaging
– X-ray machine– Sensor– Computer monitor and software
15
Digital Radiology• Indirect digital imaging
– Converts traditional X-rays to images– Scanner– Computer monitor and software
• Storage phosphor imaging
16
Advantages of Digital Radiology• Less radiation to patient
• Quick results
• Image alterations possible
• Storage
• Darkroom, equipment, solutions eliminated
• Data files can be attached
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Disadvantages of Digital Radiology
• Initial expense
• Proficiency training
• Sensors are uncomfortable
• System failures
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