21st Century Teaching Strategies
Vikki CostaCalifornia State University Fullerton
What are the skills of 21st century professors?
1. Designs Effective Curriculum to Support Student Success
2. Creates Engaging Learning Environments3. Uses a Variety of Teaching/Learning
Strategies4. Assesses Student Performance5. Creates Specialized Learning Materials 6. Applies Technology to Teaching 7. Enhances Professional Practice
The 21st Century Professor
What is STUDENT ENGAGEMENT?
• What is Student Engagement ?– Frequency with which students participate in
activities that represent effective educational practices
Active Learning
Teacher Goals
Teachers establish learning goals.
Learning Environment
Teachers minimize features that dispose students towards work-avoidance.
Students Actions
Students focus their energies toward learning without distraction or resentment.
Accustomed and resigned to
academic failure
Respond to tasks with indifference
and even antagonism
Not dissatisfied with failure
Avoid most challenging and even moderate
tasks
FailureAccepters
Suffer anxiety because they are
not always successful
Feel that if they fail, they prove to themselves
and others that they can’t
succeed
Avoid most challenging tasks
Avoid some moderate tasks
FailureAvoiders
Successful students who
take on challenging
tasks
Anxious about grades and
performance
Avoid some challenging
tasks
Overstrivers
Serious learners who
want to perform well
and usually do
Predisposed toward
engagement
SuccessOriented
Student Patterns of Engagement
When Should We Use Engagement Strategies?
• Beginning of class – to access prior learning and prepare students for
today’s learning• Throughout class– To check for understanding
• End of class– To check for understanding and promote
reflection on what was learned
What Strategies Can We use to Engage Students?
• Guided Notes and Supporting Documents– Promote engagement in lecture
Guided Notes Example
• Teachers provides guided notes and supporting documents that students complete or otherwise use during the lecture– Guided Notes (information is incomplete)
• Usually provide an outline of main points of a lecture with spaces for students to add notes
• 50% of information is provided by instructor/50% of information is added by students• Could also include question sets or partially completed tables and graphic organizers
– Supporting Documents (information is complete)• Fully completed tables, diagrams, maps, images, or graphic organizers• Problem solution sets
• Guided notes decrease chance that students miss important information or record false information, lead to higher scores on assessments, clarify organization of lecture, and teach students to take better notes.
What Strategies Can We use to Engage Students?
• QuickWrites – Identify what was learned– Identify questions that remain
• Small Group Discussion– Promote consideration of critical thinking– Great for case studies– Address misconceptions
QuickWrite ExampleAutobiographical Reflections
• Students complete a QuickWrite in response to a prompt that asks them to reflect upon their personal history in relation or the course or topic.
• During lecture, students to analyze their reflection based on theoretical concepts. The analyzed reflection may then be submitted, or revised into an essay, or shared in small groups for further discussion.
Management Style QuickWrite
How would you describe your management style? On your paper, describe your management style in one paragraph.
In small groups, share what you wrote about your management style. As a group, decide which style fits you best:• Autocratic• Paternalistic• Democratic
Small Group Discussion ExampleThink Again with Misconceptions
• Teacher presents a common misconception in the discipline and takes a quick poll asking students to agree or disagree with the statement. The teacher then tells students that the statement is untrue and assigns them a task that requires them to provide why it is untrue.
• This task challenges students by creating cognitive dissonance and challenging them to subject their belief to critical analysis.
Business Law (Tax Returns) Misconception Discussion
Consider this statement:If you are a business owner, it is good to become incorporated because being incorporated enables you to take more deductions.
Is this statement TRUE or FALSE?FALSE! In a small group of 2-3 classmates, discuss why this statement is not true. Be ready to share your opinions.
What Strategies Can We use to Engage Students?
• Survey– Determine what students know or have
experienced–May be a quick class question, a phone poll, or
more extensive survey–May be self-assessment–May be whole-class brainstorming
Engagement Strategies Self-Assessment
Assess yourself on these skills by ranking your abilities:
Skill Your Ranking
You do this well
You would like to do this better
You don’t care
about this
1. You use a variety of activities in your teaching to engage students.2. You often use multimedia during your lectures.3. You often share valuable Web resources to engage your students.
Questionnaire ExampleBackground Knowledge Probe
• Develop short, simple, focused questionnaire that students complete at beginning of a course, at start of new unit, or prior to introducing new topic.
• Help teachers identify best starting point, identify underprepared and well-prepared students.
• Help students access prior knowledge.
What Strategies Can We use to Engage Students?
• Use of Multimedia–May be followed with whole-class or small group
discussion• Use of Digital Interactives and Websites– Lemonade Stand (
www.coolmath-games.com/lemonade/)– Doing Business (http://doingbusiness.org/)
• Use of Games and Flashcards
Multimedia ExampleText/Video/Image Analysis
• Students listen to a text passage, video clip, or image.– Accounting Videos: CPA Profile (Ernie Almonte)– Standard Economic Model of Copyright
• Individually or in small groups, students respond to a prompt or summarize what they saw.
• During lecture, student groups analyze the item based on new theoretical concepts.
Standard Economic Model of Copyright Use the image
to explain why this statement is FALSE:
• The author’s average costs of production (AC) increases with each additional copy she produces.
Games Example
• Students play a game to practice learning.– Quizlet (quizlet.com)• Communication Flashcards• Business Management Final Review• Accounting Basics
– Jeopardy• Introduction to Business Jeopardy• Jeopardy Tools
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