Aesthetics(n):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Word Formation: aesthetic(adj), aesthetically(adv)
Definition : the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art)
Synonyms: artistic taste, philosophy of artAntonym: N/AEx:Buddhist monks developed signal skill in this
branch of aesthetics, and nothing could exceed the delightful harmony which they achieved between nature and art.
Emphasis (n.):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Definition : special importance or significance,
intensity or forcefulness of expression
Synonyms : significance, highlight, priorityAntonym : insignificance, unimportanceCollocations : place emphasis on give emphasis Ex: The president’s proposal places heaviest
emphasis on driving technologies calculated to produce economic benefits.
Extraordinary (adj ):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Definition : Highly unusual, exceptional or remarkable. Something extraordinary goes above and beyond what is expected. This can be good or bad.
Synonyms : exceptional, surprising, uncommon
Antonym : common, familiar, normal
Ex: Saving a child from a burning building is an extraordinary act of heroism.
Origins ( n ):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Definition : the place where something begins, where it springs into being, the first stage of existance.
Synonyms : root, source, basis
Ex: The origin of yoga was India since that’a where the practice began
Ex: The origin of the strawberries in the market is Mexico, since they were grown there.
Ornamentation (n):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Word Formation : ornament (n), ornamental(adj)
Definition : The act of adding extraneous decorations to something. Shortly, it refers to materials or features used for decorations.
Synonyms : decoration, elaborationEx: Swim wear with exposed zippers and metal
ornamentation will not be permitted in the swimming contest.
Plaster (n):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Definition : a mixture of lime or gypsum with sand and water; hardens into a smooth solid; used to cover walls and ceilings
Synonyms : cement
Ex: Clay plaster on two walls adds a delicate contrast to concrete and redwood elements
Scale (n):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Word Formation :
Definition : the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it.
Synonyms : range, rate, systemEx: Despite their scale, each of the jets had
come and gone within less than half a second.
Surround(v):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Word Formation : surrounding(adj), surrounded(adj)
Definition : extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle
Synonyms : circle, border
Antonym : release
Ex:The forest surrounds my property
Ex: I’m surrounded by buildings in a fairyland and I see people wearing masks all over the city.
Unfamiliar(adj ):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Word Formation :
Definition : not known or well knownSynonyms : unusual, different, strangeAntonym : familiar, known, usual
Ex:Film director said viewers unfamiliar with 19th-century American history needed to be given some context.
Varied (adj):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Word Formation : vary (v)
Definition : show diversity, be different
Synonyms : diverse, various,different
Antonym : same, similar
Ex: Scholars say that the boats were first used hundreds of years earlier for varied reasons.
PREVIEWING THE ACADEMIC CONTENT
PREVIEW
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Buildings surround us and are an important part of our lives.
People have strong ideas about them. For example, many say that modern
architecture is boring and ugly and that the buildings of the past were far more attractive.
Others claim that modern buildings are far more varied and interesting than what was previously possible.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
In this unit, we will explore, from an architectural viewpoint, some ideas about what makes a building a good building, with an emphasis on aesthetics.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Look at the pictures of these three buildings. Then discuss the questions.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1) Which of these buildings have you seen pictures of or heard about?
2) What do you know about these buildings?
3) What do you like about each of the buildings? What do you dislike?
Look at the pictures of the three buildings. Then discuss the questions.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Very aesthetically pleasing
Not all attractive
Pompidou Center
1 2 3 4 5 6
Taj Mahal
1 2 3 4 5 6
Hundertwasser Apartments
1 2 3 4 5 6
4) Overall, do you think these buildings are attractive? For each, circle a number on the scale from one to six to express your opinion. Explain your opinion.
PREVIEWING THE ACADEMIC SKILLS FOCUS
PREVIEW
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Paraphrasing is expressing other people’s ideas in your own words.
This is an essential skill in English language academic context because it is not permissible to present another person’s ideas as your own or to copy another person’s words.
A paraphrase is usually about the same length as the original spoken or written source, while a summary is always shorter than the original source.
This is a key distinction between a paraphrase and a summary.
Paraphrasing: The First Step to Summarizing
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
It is helpful to know paraphrasing techniques before you learn how to summarize. Here are a few techniques; Use synonyms for the key words in a sentence. Change the form of the key words in a
sentence(change nouns to verbs, verbs to adjectives, adjectives to nouns, and so on)
Change the structure of a sentence( change the organization of the clauses)
Change the voice of a sentence(from active to passive,or passive to active)
Paraphrasing: The First Step to Summarizing
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Paraphrasing: The First Step to Summarizing
1&2
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Read the excerpt from an architecture textbook.
As you read, pay attention to the main ideas.
Read three summaries of the excerpt. In the chart, check the features that
each summary has.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Feature of Summaries A B C
Much shorter than the original text * * *
Includes all the important ideas *
Only includes important ideas * *
Leaves out detailed information such as numbers and dates, unless they are very important.
* *
Does not include the opinions of the summary writer
* *
Uses the summary writer’s own words, rather than repeating words from the original
* *
2. Answers
KEY WORDS
BUILDING ACADEMIC LISTENING SKILLS
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Affectionate(adj):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Definition: having or displaying warmth or affection. Being affectionate is being warm, tender, and loving. A hug is an affectionate gesture.
Synonym: tender, warm ,lovingAntonym: cold, cool, dislikingEx: I grew up in a family with
an affectionate but complicated relationship with ice cream.
Brick(n):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Definition: rectangular block of baked clay; used as a building or paving material.
Synonyms: cinder block, cube, stoneEx: "I feel like hitting my head against
a brick wall," he says.Ex: Some people like to see players run
through brick walls all the time.
Cathedral(n):
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Definition: the principal Christian church building of a bishop's diocese. Any large and important church.
Synonyms: holy place, templeEx: Later, there was an informal memorial
gathering in the grounds in front of the cathedral.
Concrete(n):
Definition: a strong hard building material composed of sand and gravel and cement and water.
Ex: It made sense to do a concrete bookcase since books are so heavy.
Ex: Sidewalks, foundations, and highways are all made of concrete.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Curve(n):
Definition: A continously bending line, without angles.
Synonyms: round, circle, bendingAntonym: lineEx: He had a kind of curve in his spine and
should have been operated as soon as possible.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Elegant(adj):
Definition: refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style.
Synonyms: effective,nice, stylishAntonyms: ugly, unfashionableEx: David Orozco, an artist and stay-at-
home father, developed an elegant, boxy framework.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Generate(v):
Definition: bring into existence, give or supply.Synonyms: produce, create, set upAntonyms: break, destroyEx: Europe and the United States nonetheless continue to generate the most food waste.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Rectangle(n):
Definition: A rectangle is any shape with four sides and four right angles.
Synonyms: square, figureEx: In the last few years, consumer
electronics have started to share one characteristic, no matter who makes them: they're all rectangles.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Reinforced(adj):
Definition: When something is reinforced, it is stronger or more supported than before.
Synonyms: supported, strengthenedAntonyms: Backless, weakEx: Cultivating an ecosystem
was reinforced by knowledge sharing, network building, and uplifting anecdotes.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Repetition(n):
Definition: the act of doing or performing again and again.
Synonyms: echo, practice, exerciseEx: Improvements can only come
with repetition and muscle memory.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Serene(adj)
Definition: describe someone who is calm and untroubled.
Synonyms: calm, comfortable, coolAntonyms: excited, troubledEx: The prime minister has also
seemed serene about the country’s position.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Texture(n):
Definition: the feel of a surface or a fabric.
Synonyms: framework, structureEx: They are based on geometric forms,
but both sculptors’ work have the same rough texture,” Mr. Marks said.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Temple(n):
Definition: A building where people go to Worship, for example in the Jewish, Hindu, Mormon religion.
Synonyms: cathedral, churchEx: The temples were once the heart of
village life, serving as meeting places, guesthouses and community centers.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
BEFORE YOU LISTEN
BUILDING ACADEMIC LISTENING SKILLS
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1.
Work in small groups. Look at the photographs and information about
the buildings that the professor will discuss in the lecture.
Then read the Claim to Fame statements. These statements describe features of the
buildings that made them famous. Decide which building each Claim to Fame
statements describes. Write the statement in the correct places in the
chart.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
MLC Centre: DSydney Opera House: BChrysler Building: ETaj Mahal: FDurham Cathedral: CTodai-ji: A
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1. ANSWERS
Read the key words on this page and on the next page.
Decide which relate to a form, material, or type of building, and which is an adjective that describes a building.
Organize the word in the chart.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2.
FORM MATERIAL TYPES of Building
ADJECTIVE
curverectanglereinforcedrepetitiontexturesurface
concretebrick
cathedraltemple
elegantenergeticmonotonousrichserene
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. ANSWERS
Work with a partner. What is your emotional response to the
buildings you discussed in exercise 1? Which adjectives would you choose to
describe each of the buildings? Use the adjectives from the chart in
Exercise 2 and add some of your own. Discuss your choices. Do you agree with
each other’s choice?
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
3.
GLOBAL LISTENING
BUILDING ACADEMIC LISTENING SKILLS
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Major points are main ideas and supporting details that are necessary for understanding-the essential information.These include evidence and explanations.
Minor points are additional details or information that add interest to the lecture but are not necessary for understanding-non-essential information. These often include examples.CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Distinguishing Major from Minor Points and Essential from Non-essential Information
How can you identify main ideas?1.Think about the focus of the lecture beforehand. The major points will support the focus.2.Listen carefully to the introduction. The thesis will state the main point or opinion of the lecture, and the scope will give the main ideas to be covered.3.Listen for logical connectives and certain phrases that often introduce main ideas and supporting details, for example:Let’s begin with.....Most importantly......
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Distinguishing Major from Minor Points and Essential from Non-essential Information
Sometimes a lecturer also gives emphasis to a point after saying it.
Notice that in the following sentences, this and that refer to the previous idea. I believe this is a key point. I think that goes a long wayto explaining
why.....
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Distinguishing Major from Minor Points and Essential from Non-essential Information
Pay attention to how the lecturer is talking about major points and ideas that the lecturer emphasizes-perhaps by speaking more slowly, more clearly, more loudly, or more quietly.
As a check, ask yourself these questions: Is this information important for me to
understand the purpose of the lecture? Is it an important detail that supports the
main idea?
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Distinguishing Major from Minor Points and Essential from Non-essential Information
1.
Professors often post course notes on their websites.
Look at the overview of the lecture you will listen to.
Work in pairs. Think of at least 3 questions that you
think may be answered in the lecture. Write them on the next page of your
book.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1. What are the three techniques?2. How do these techniques work?3. What is the lesson that modern
architects can learn?
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1. Possible Answers
2.
Listen to the introduction of the lecture. Answer the questions.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. Possible answers:
1. Good buildings inspire strong emotional
responses.2. a. form b. texture c. scale
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
3.
Copy the main ideas from question 2 in exercise 2 onto the first column of the chart.
Then listen to the whole lecture. How does the lecturer indicate the main
ideas? Check all that apply. Then compare your chart with a
partner’s.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
3. Answers
Main Idea Signals the pointbefore explaining it(e.g. let’s move on to
Gives emphasis tothe point aftermentioning it
Changes how hetalks
Form * *
Texture * * *
Scale * *
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
4.
Listen to the lecture again. Complete the chart on the next page. Then compare your answers with a
partner’s. Discuss any differences.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
5.
Use your notes to answer the questions. What is the effect of variety on both form
and texture?Positive Effect Why, according to the lecturer, do older
buildings look better than modern buildings?
They have more varied texture.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
FOCUSED LISTENING
BUILDING ACADEMIC LISTENING SKILLS
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Identifying Non-essential Information, Including Digressions and Asides Lecturers often try to make their lectures
sound interesting, lively and friendly. One way they do this is by telling
personal stories, giving personal opinions, or mentioning other points that might be interesting but are not essential to the lecture.
These short trips into different topics are called digressions and asides.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Here is how to recognize digressions and asides Try to notice if the lecturer is talking about a
personal story, or if the topic is quite different from the main ideas.
Try to notice whether facts mentioned are relevant
Pay attention to the words and phrases that the lecturer uses. Digressions and asides are often introduced with phrases such as by the way, incidentally, and while we’re on the subject.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Identifying Non-essential Information, Including Digressions and Asides
1.
Listen to the excerpts from the lecture. Make notes about the non-essential information.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1. Possible answers
Excerpt 1: a lovely building (personal opinion)Excerpt 2: world’s tallest building (not relevant to the topic);
an office building (not relevant to emotional responses)
Excerpt 3: ninth favorite building in the U.S. (interesting
fact, but not essential)Excerpt 4: wonderful place to visit, very friendly (not
relevant to the topic); went there a few years ago (personal anecdote)
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2.
In addition to course notes, professors often post slides on their websites.
Usually, the notes or slides will only include the main ideas and you will need to fill in the details
Now, listen to the lecture again. Then fill in the missing details in the slides
on pages 84-85. Don’t take notes about digressions, asides,
or non-essential information.CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. Possible answers
Slide 1: Taj Mahal: serene, relaxed, peace, calmSydney Opera House: elegant, energetic
Slide 2: MLC Centre: rectangular, interest,
boredom, anger, nothingSydney Opera House: curved, interesting,
shape = yachts sails, more affectionate
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. Possible answers
Slide 3:
Chrysler Building: variety, more curves, interesting shape, more interest, far more to look at;
MLC Centre: plain block, box
Slide 4:
General statement: windows + decoration = pattern;
Chrysler Building: same pattern not over whole building, more interesting surfaces, more people like it because of texture, more positive emotional
MLC Centre: same pattern, whole height
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. Possible answers
Slide 5: old buildings: far richer, more detailednew buildings: large areas same texturemodern architects forgot same texture all over = boringSlide 6: people prefer bigger housesTaj Mahal would have different effect if it was only 12 feet
highbig not necessarily good—but emotional response differentreligious buildings—high because sense of power,
importanceSlide 7: emotional response = most important / appearance
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
3.
Work with a partner. Use your notes to answer the questions. Possible answers:
1. MLC building; form and texture are boring; inspire a negative emotional response in him
2. yacht sails
3. patterns
4. yes (though not as much as the MLC Centre)
5. older buildings: richer, more detailed
6. that rich texture is less boring
7. no; the emotional response is different, not necessarily better or worse
8. They should consider emotional response first (when designing building’s appearance).CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
4.
Work with a partner to summarize the lecture.
You can use these expressions: The lecture talks about ... The first/second/third point is ... An important example of this ...
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
KEY WORDS
BUILDING ACADEMIC READING SKILLS
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Arch(n):
Definition: Shape or structure with a curved top and straight sides.
Synonyms: round,domeEx: Two rows of trees arched over the
driveway.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Balanced(adj):
Definition: being in a state of proper equilibrium.
Synonym. Stabilized,fairAntonym: imbalanced, unequalEx:We will have to promote
a balanced approach, recognizing that both discipline and solidarity are needed,
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Column(n):
Definition: A tall, vertical structure used to support a roof, or as decoration.
Synonym: strip, pileEx: Ivory columns made the dining room
larger.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Consistent(adj):
Definition: the same throughout in structure or composition.Synonym: regular, sameAntonym: irregular, varyingEx: Leeds' pressing was energetic, but also impressively consistent throughout the game.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Dome(n)
Definition: Shape that is like a ball cut in half.
Synonym: arcade, coveringEx: The Dome of the Rock, in Jerusalem, is
a Muslim shrine with a golden dome that sits on a holy rock.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Durability(n):
Definition: The ability to stay in good condition for a long time.
Word Formation: Durable(adj)Synonym: endurance, persistenceAntonym: poorness, weaknessEx: The machines have to be made of
durable materials.Ex: The resolution calls for a durable
peace settlement.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Elaboration (n):
Definition: The supply of extra details.Word Formation: elaborate(adj)Synonyms: decoration, ornamentAntonyms: simplificationEx: All these dishes are familiar, just
improved by ingenuity and elaboration.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Emerge(v):
Definition: come out into view, as from concealment.
Synonym: come out, ariseAntonym: disappear, fade, leaveEx: The public prosecutor has said new
evidence has emerged, meaning a verdict may be postponed.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Façade(n):
Definition: The front of a building, especially a large and important one.
Synonym: window display, mask, coverEx: Troubling signs were evident in the
brick facade on 20th Street.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Pediment(n):
Definition: A flat, triangular shape, often above the entrance to buildings.
Ex: The huge sculptures on the pediment were titled “Integrity Protecting the Works of Man.”
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Prominent(adj):
Definition: famous or importantSynonym: outstanding, flashy, preferredAntonym: invisible, worse, depressed Ex: Now 32 years old, she’s one of
Uganda’s most prominent woman rights activists.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Proportions(n):
Definitions: Relationships between length, width, height, and depth; good proportions are aesthetically pleasing.
Synontms: size, volume,range, harmonyAntonyms: disproportion, imbalancedEx: We’re conditioned to think of a human
face as having certain proportions.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Requirement(n):
Definition: required activity; anything indispensable
Synonyms: necessity, concern, fundamental
Antonyms: oppositionEx: While both the United States and
Europe have strict requirements on auto safety and emissions, the rules are different in Turkey.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Satisfy(v):
Definition: To satisfy is to fulfill or meet a want, need, requirement, or expectation.
Synonyms: Please, contentAntonyms: Disappoint, discontent, upsetEx: A glass of water will satisfy your thirst.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Sculpture(n):
Definition: A three dimensional work of art.
Synonyms: Figure, replica, shapeEx: British artist Marc Quinn unveiled
a sculpture of his baby son, titled Planet, in Singapore.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Speculate(v):
Definition: When you speculate, you use what you know to make a prediction about a result.
Synonyms: theorize, guessAntonyms: ignore, neglectEx: Philosophers have speculated on the
question of God for thousands of years.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
BEFORE YOU READ
BUILDING ACADEMIC READING SKILLS
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1.
Work with a partner.
Look at the photos.
Discuss the questions on page 86.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. What would the lecturer in Section 2 think of these buildings? Work with a partner to complete the chart.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
WainwrightBuilding
Parthenon MacquarieUniversity
Form rectangular, littlevariation
Basicallyrectangularsome variation
many rectangles,little variation
Texture very regular, boring,repetitive
some variation, quite a lot of detail in places
very regular, boring,repetitive
Scale surroundingbuildings arelarger—newer
large, dominates the city
looks large
3.
The text you are going to read introduces a lot of vocabulary related to architecture.
Work with a partner.Label the elements in the photograph on page 87 with key words.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
GLOBAL READING
BUILDING ACADEMIC READING SKILLS
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1. Skim the text and complete the task 1&2 on page 90.1. What is the thesis of the reading selection? What makes a building attractive?2. Which body paragraphs do these points best summarize? A-para:6 B-para:9 C-para:8
D-para: 2-3E-para: 5F-para: 4G-para: 7
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
FOCUSED READING
BUILDING ACADEMIC READING SKILLS
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1.
Read the list of ideas, styles, and features.
With whom are they associated? Scan the text, and write the name from
the box next to each idea. For some ideas, more than one answer is
possible. Then compare your answers with
another student’s.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1. Sullivan2. Romans3. Alberti4. Vitruvius5. ancient
Greeks, Romans, Alberti
6. Sullivan7. Loos8. Vitruvius9. ancient
Greeks, Alberti10. Vitruvius11. ancient
Greeks, AlbertiCANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1. Possible Answers
2.
Work with a partner. The words and expressions in the box
are all in the text. Use context to help you match the terms
with their meanings.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
renaissance characteristic trend stand the test of
time ratio ideal the writing is on
the wall
on the way out excess predominate raise (their)
spirits popularize proponent utility
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. Possible Answers
Distinguishing Essential from Non-essential Information in Written Texts In writing, information sometimes
appears in a sidebar or footnote. Other times, though, it is not signaled. If you are reading for an academic
purpose, you can often ignore information that is not important to your purpose for reading.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
3.
Read the excerpts from the reading. Imagine that you are reading the
excerpts to gather information for an academic assignment about what makes a building attractive.
For each excerpt, discuss with a partner which information is most essential for your purpose.
Underline this information.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
3. Answers
Excerpt 1:«This is called... That ancient Greeks knew
about.» The other sentences are not about architecture.
Excerpt 2:«Since then, ... Pleasing proportions» The first sentence explains that certain features
have made buildings attractive to the western eyes. Second sentence gives more info abut that, but the last sentence is more about engineering rather than aesthetics.CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
4.
Do you think the sidebar in the reading is essential or non-essential for the main purpose? Why?
Non-essential, it gives details.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
5.
Read the text again. Work with a partner and discuss the
questions.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
5. Possible Answers
MLC Centre: Loos would like it the most, because there’s
no ornamentation. It looks durable, so Vitruvius would like that
aspect, but he probably would not like the lack of beauty.
Alberti may like the proportions, but would probably want to see a bit of ornamentation.
Sullivan would probably like it because the building’s form definitely follows function.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
5. Possible Answers
Sydney Opera House: Loos would like the lack of ornamentation It may well meet all of Vitruvius’s criteria. Sullivan probably wouldn’t like it because
form does not follow function at all. Alberti would probably agree about the
beauty of the building, but he would probably not like the proportions.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
5. Possible Answers
Chrysler Building: It probably has too much ornamentation for
Loos. It probably has just enough ornamentation
for Sullivan and Alberti, but Alberti would probably not like the proportions because it does not follow the golden ratio.
The building meets Vitruvius’s principles of durability, utility, and beauty.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
5. Possible Answers
Durham Cathedral: Loos would probably hate the
ornamentation, but Albertiwould probably like it.
Vitruvius would like the durability, utility, and beauty.
The building has probably too much ornamentation for Sullivan.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
5. Possible Answers
Taj Mahal: If it is close to the golden ratio, Vitruvius
and Alberti would like all aspects of it. Loos would not like the texture, surfaces, or
ornamentation. Sullivan would probably argue that the
function follows form. The building probably has too much
ornamentation for Sullivan to like it.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
5. Possible Answers
Todai-ji: If it is close to the golden ratio, Vitruvius
and Alberti would like all aspects of it. Loos would not like the texture or surfaces. The building meets Sullivan’s criteria for
function, but it probably has too much ornamentation for Sullivan to like it.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
BEFORE YOU SPEAK
BUILDING ACADEMIC SPEAKING SKILLS
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1.
Read the newpaper article and underline the author’s opinions.
Answers: Probably not. The evidence points to
another factor: money. Prefabricated materials, which lead to
boring, repetitive patterns . . . Profit first, aesthetics last.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2.
Work in small groups and answer the questions below. Which points in the article do you agree
with? Which points do you in the article do you
disagree with? Why?
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
PARAPHRASING
A good paraphrase: Uses few words from the original Has the same meaning as the original Includes neither more nor a lot less
information than the original
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
PARAPHRASING
You can use the following techniques to help you paraphrase:
Cover the original text and write from memory Put the ideas of the original in a different order Use synonyms or near-synonyms Change word forms Use different grammatical form. Use one sentence to paraphrase several
sentences
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
3.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Read the paraphrases of the final paragraph of the newapaper article on page 93.
Answer the question on page 95. Compare your answers with a partner’s.
3. Answers
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1. Paraphrase 32. Paraphrase 1 uses too many words from
the original. Paraphrase 2 misses too much
information from the original. Paraphrase 4 includes information that
is not in the original.3. Put ideas in different order; use near
synonyms (e.g. detailed for intricate); use a different grammatical form (sentences rather than questions)
4.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Paraphrase these points from the article. Work with a partner and check each
others’ parapharases.
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