2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 2
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system
Essential questions What are the functions of the respiratory system? What are some disorders of the respiratory system? How are disorders of the respiratory system
treated? What is the importance of the respiratory system as
it relates to immunity? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
respiratory system?
Functions of the Respiratory SystemUpper Respiratory System
Nose Sinuses Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx
Lower Respiratory System Trachea Lungs
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 3
Discuss the Functions of the Upper Respiratory System Structures Nose: air enters here Sinuses: warms/moistens air Pharynx: throat Epiglottis: flap that closes while eating
to prevent food from entering larynx Larynx: voicebox Trachea: Windpipe
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 4
Discuss the Functions of the Lower Respiratory System StructuresTrachea
Bronchi: separate from trachea into a right and left Bronchial tubes: bronchial trees Bronchioles: made of smooth muscle Alveoli: made of epithelial tissue (covered in surfactant—
fatty substance that prevents alveoli collapse)
Lungs Pleura: thin moist membrane covers lungs Mediastinum: space in between 2 layers of pleura Diaphragm: allows expansion of chest during respiration
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 5
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 6
Functions of the Respiratory System
Discuss the functions of the respiratory system.
What is the relevance to your health?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 7
Breathing
Discuss the process of breathing.External respirations: exchange of o2 and CO2 between lungs and outside environmentInternal respiration: CO2 and O2 exchange at the cellular level
Inhalation
Exhalation
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 8
Breathing1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respiration
How many times does a normal adult breath per minute?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 9
Control of breathing
Neural Factors Explain the role of the
Medulla Oblongata
Regulates inspiration and expiration through 2 centers
What does the Phrenic Nerve do?
Leads to diaphragm and intercostal muscles
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 10
Control of breathing Chemical Factors
What are the chemical factors involved in breathing?
As blood circulates if there is too much CO2 the respiratory senses recognize there is excess and will increase RR to compensate
Compare to NEURAL FACTORS.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 11
Respiratory Movements
Compare respiratory movements.
Coughing : clear lower respiratory tract
Hiccups: diaphragm spasm
Sneezing : clear upper respiratory tract
Yawning: body needs increased O2 in the blood
Why do they occur?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 12
Types of breathing
Apnea: no breathing Dyspnea: difficult, labored, painful breathing Eupnea: normal, easy breathing (quiet) Hyperpnea: increase depth and rate of breathing Orthopnea: difficult or labored breathing when
lying flat Tachypnea: rapid and shallow breathing Hyperventilation: rapid breathing causing body to
lose CO2 too quickly (dizziness and fainting)
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 13
Lung capacity and volume Tidal volume: amount of air moves in &
out of lungs with each breath (500mL) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV):
amount of air you can force a person to take over & above the tidal volume (2100-3000mL)
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): amount of air a person can exhale above the tidal volume (1000mL)
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 14
Lung capacity and volume Vital lung capacity:
TV+IRV+ERV=4500mL Residual volume: amount of air
that cannot be voluntarily expelled from the lungs (allows for continuous exchange of gases between breaths=1500mL)
Functional residual capacity: ERV+residual volume= 2500mL
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 15
Lung capacity and volume
Total lung capacity Tidal volume Inspiratory reserve Expiratory reserve Residual air
Sample
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 16
Respiratory disorders Asthma
What is asthma? Airway becomes obstructed because of an inflammatory response to a stimuli
Who most likely has it? Allergen or psychological stress
Symptoms: exhaling, wheezing, dyspnea & tightness in chest
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 17
Respiratory disorders Bronchitis: inflammation of
mucous membrane of trachea and bronchial tubes that causes excess mucus
What is bronchitis? Acute: spreading inflammation
from nasopharynx or inhalation of irritants (cough, fever, substernal pain and rales—raspy sound)
Chronic: mid-old age (severe and persistent cough with large mounts of discolored sputum)
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 18
Respiratory disorders Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder Chronic Bronchitis, emphysema, and
asthmatic bronchitis Obstruction of airflow
SMOKING!!!!!
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 19
Respiratory disorders COMMON COLD
What is it? Runny nose, cough, sneezing, stuffy head, sore throat
What causes it? Hundreds of different strains of viruses
Hand-washing – best preventative measure
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 20
Respiratory disorders EmphysemaWhat is emphysema?Alveoli become overdilated,
loses elasticity, and cannot rebound—alveoli rupture, air becomes trapped there and is difficult to exhale, reduce exchange of O2 and CO2
Who is most likely to have it?SmokersHow is it treated? Alleviate
symptoms (supplemental O2)
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 21
Respiratory disorders InfluenzaDiscuss the
symptoms of influenza.
FEVER, muscle pain/fatigue, and mucus discharge from nose and cough
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 22
Respiratory disorders Pneumonia
• Viral or bacteria• Alveoli filled with thick
fluid that has pus and RBC’s
• Symptoms: chest pain, fever, chills, and dyspnea
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 23
Respiratory disorders Pneumothorax: air in the chest cavity
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 24
Respiratory disorders
Sinusitis: infection in the sinus cavity
Many cavities may be infected Pain and nasal discharge are
main symptoms Use a humidifier, drink plenty of
fluids, warm moist cloth to face several times a day
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 25
Respiratory disorders Tuberculosis
• Causes lesions in lungs• Cases had been steadily
decreasing until recent years due to increase homeless, AIDS & illegal immigrants
• Treat with INH
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 26
Relevance of nutrients to the respiratory system The respiratory
system plays a vital role in homeostasis Discuss the relevance
to your health.
What is the relevance to the body’s use of nutrients?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory
system 27
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system
Essential questions What are the functions of the respiratory system? What are some disorders of the respiratory system? How are disorders of the respiratory system
treated? What is the importance of the respiratory system as
it relates to immunity? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
respiratory system?
Top Related