8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
1/308
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for the
Proposed Manica Gold Project
Explorator Limitada
Project No.: 710.05024.00004
Report No.: 2
MICOA reference number: 176 /GM/MICOA/12
February 2014
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
2/308
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for the
Proposed Manica Gold Project
Explorator Limitada
Project No.: 710.05024.00004
Report No.: 2
MICOA reference number: 176 /GM/MICOA/12
January 2014
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
3/308
DOCUMENT INFORMATION
Title Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for the ProposedManica Gold Project
Project Manager Jose Jeronimo/Linda Munro
Project Manager e-mail [email protected]/[email protected]
Author Linda MunroReviewer B Stobart (internal)Client Explorator Limitada
Date last printed 27/02/2014 08:56:00 AM
Date last saved 27/02/2014 08:56:00 AMComments
Keywords Gold mine, Mozambique, Explorator, Auroch, Greenbelt
Project Number 710.05024.00004Report Number 2
Status Draft
Issue Date February 2014
mailto:[email protected]/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]/8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
4/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page i
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THEPROPOSED MANICA GOLD PROJECT
CONTENTS
NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY.................................................................................................................. 1-3
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT.................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 PROJECT MOTIVATION (NEED AND DESIRABILITY) ............................................................................. 1-2
1.3 INTRODUCTION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT......................................................... 1-21.3.1 EIAAPPROACH AND PROCESS............................................................................................................ ........ 1-6
1.3.2 EIATEAM......................................... .............................................................. ......................................... 1-6
1.3.3 CONTACT DETAILS FOR RESPONSIBLE EXPLORATOR PARTIES............ ............................................................ 1-7
2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK....................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION....................................................................................... 2-12.1.1 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPLBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE................................................................................ 2-12.1.2 THE ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK.................................................................................................. 2-3
2.1.3 REGULATION ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION PROCESS................. ......................................... 2-32.1.4 AMENDMENTS TO THE REGULATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION PROCESS........................... 2-4
2.1.5 GENERAL DIRECTIVE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES..................................................... ................... 2-4
2.1.6 GENERAL DIRECTIVE FOR THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATIONPROCESS................................................................ .............................................................. ................... 2-5
2.1.7 REGULATION REGARDING THE ENVIRONMENTALAUDITING PROCESS..................................................... ........ 2-52.1.8 REGULATION AND STANDARDS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND EFFLUENT EMISSIONS................................ 2-5
2.1.9 REGULATION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF RESIDUES........................... ............................................................ 2-6
2.1.10 REGULATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTIONS................................................. ......................................... 2-6
2.2 NATIONAL LEGISLATION RELATING TO MININGACTIVITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT............................ 2-62.2.1 THE MINING LAW..................................................................................... ................................................. 2-62.2.2 REGULATION OF THE MINESACT....................................................................... ......................................... 2-72.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION FOR MININGACTIVITIES.................... ............................................................ 2-72.2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BASIC STANDARDS FOR MININGACTIVITIES......... ......................................... 2-82.2.5 REGULATION ON TECHNICAL AND HEALTH SAFETY FOR GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALACTIVITIES........................ 2-8
2.3 OTHER LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO THE PROJECT........................................................................... 2-82.3.1 TERRITORIALADMINISTRATION................................................................................................ ................... 2-8
2.3.2 LAND OWNERSHIP AND USE............................................................................................................... ........ 2-92.3.3 FORESTS AND WILDLIFE................................................................ .......................................................... 2-10
2.3.4 WATER................................................................................................ .................................................. 2-10
2.3.5 CULTURE..................................................................................... .......................................................... 2-11
2.3.6 LABOUR.......................................................................................................... ....................................... 2-11
2.4 CONVENTIONS AND REGULATIONS................................................................................................ 2-11
2.5 BEST INTERNAITONAL PRACTICE................................................................................................... 2-122.5.1 THE EQUATOR PRINCIPLES.......................................................................................... ............................ 2-122.5.2 INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 2012 ................................................. 2-13
3 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ...................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 EDPAPHASE................................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 EIAPHASE.................................................................................................................................... 3-1
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................... 4-1
4.1 GEOLOGY BASELINE....................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................... 4-1
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
5/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page ii
4.1.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ........ 4-14.1.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. .............................. 4-2
4.1.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................... 4-2
4.2 CLIMATE BASELINE......................................................................................................................... 4-3
4.2.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................... 4-34.2.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ........ 4-34.2.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. .............................. 4-4
4.2.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................... 4-9
4.3 TOPOGRAPHY BASELINE................................................................................................................. 4-9
4.3.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................... 4-94.3.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ........ 4-94.3.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. .............................. 4-9
4.3.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-10
4.4 SOIL BASELINE............................................................................................................................. 4-104.4.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-104.4.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-10
4.4.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-104.4.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-13
4.5 LAND CAPABILITY BASELINE.......................................................................................................... 4-134.5.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-134.5.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-13
4.5.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-14
4.5.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-14
4.6 BIODIVERSITY BASELINE............................................................................................................... 4-164.6.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-164.6.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-16
4.6.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-18
4.6.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-274.7 SURFACE WATER BASELINE.......................................................................................................... 4-30
4.7.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-304.7.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-30
4.7.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-304.7.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-35
4.8 GROUNDWATER BASELINE............................................................................................................ 4-374.8.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-374.8.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-37
4.8.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-374.8.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-42
4.9 AIR QUALITY BASELINE................................................................................................................. 4-444.9.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-44
4.9.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-44
4.9.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-444.9.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-46
4.10 NOISE BASELINE.......................................................................................................................... 4-464.10.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-46
4.10.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-464.10.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-464.10.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-47
4.11 HERITAGE BASELINE..................................................................................................................... 4-494.11.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-49
4.11.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-49
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
6/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page iii
4.11.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-494.11.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-53
4.12 LAND USE.................................................................................................................................... 4-554.12.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-55
4.12.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-554.12.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-554.12.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-58
4.13 VISUAL BASELINE......................................................................................................................... 4-614.13.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-61
4.13.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-614.13.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-614.13.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-62
4.14 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE/PROFILE...................................................................................... 4-624.14.1 INTRODUCTION AND LINK TO IMPACTS....................................................................................... ................. 4-62
4.14.2 DATA COLLECTION............................................................. ............................................................... ...... 4-634.14.3 RESULTS..................................................... .............................................................. ............................ 4-63
4.14.4 CONCLUSION........................................................... .............................................................. ................. 4-69
5 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ....................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 THE NO PROJECTOPTION LINKED TO NEED AND DESIRABILITY........................................................ 5-1
5.2 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES................................................................................................................ 5-1
6 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE.................................................................................................................. 6-36.2.1 SITE FACILITIES FOR CONSTRUCTION........................................................................................................... 6-3
6.2.2 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES.......................................................................................... .............................. 6-4
6.2.3 CONSTRUCTION TRANSPORT........................................................................................ .............................. 6-4
6.2.4 EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING.................................... ............................................................... ................. 6-116.2.5 WATER SUPPLY FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES........ ............................................................... ................. 6-11
6.2.6 POWER SUPPLY FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES.............................. .......................................................... 6-116.2.7 SANITATION FOR CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................................... ....... 6-11
6.2.8 WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION................................................................................................ 6-12
6.2.9 CONCURRENT MINING OPERATIONS............................................................ ............................................... 6-136.2.10 TIME TABLE............................................................................................. ............................................... 6-13
6.3 OPERATIONAL PHASE................................................................................................................... 6-146.3.1 SITE FACILITIES FOR OPERATION........................................................................................................ ....... 6-14
6.3.2 OPERATION PHASE ACTIVITIES............................................................................................................ ...... 6-156.3.3 EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING.................................... ............................................................... ................. 6-266.3.4 OPERATIONAL TRANSPORT...................................... ............................................................... ................. 6-26
6.3.5 WATER SUPPLY FOR OPERATIONS................................................................................ ............................ 6-276.3.6 OTHER SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES................................... .................................................. 6-276.3.7 ABLUTIONS AND SANITATION FOR THE OPERATION PHASE................................................ ............................ 6-28
6.3.8 POWER SUPPLY FOR OPERATION ACTIVITIES.................................... .......................................................... 6-286.3.9 NON-MINERALISED WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR THE OPERATION PHASE........ .................................................. 6-286.3.10 ADDITIONAL SITE FACILITIES.............................................................................. ....................................... 6-29
6.3.11 WATER BALANCE................................................................................................................... ................. 6-346.3.12 TIME TABLE............................................................................................. ............................................... 6-41
6.4 DECOMMISSIONING AND CLOSURE PHASE...................................................................................... 6-416.4.1 CLOSURE OBJECTIVES........................................................ ............................................................... ...... 6-41
6.4.2 DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES....................................................... .......................................................... 6-42
6.4.3 CLOSURE ACTIVITIES................................................................................................... ............................ 6-44
7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .................................................................................... 7-1
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
7/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page iv
7.1 TOPOGRAPHY................................................................................................................................ 7-47.1.1 ISSUE:HAZARDOUS EXCAVATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE/SURFACE SUBSIDENCE........................................... 7-4
7.2 SOILS AND LAND CAPABILITY........................................................................................................... 7-77.2.1 ISSUE:LOSS OF SOIL RESOURCES FROM POLLUTION......................... ............................................................ 7-7
7.2.2 ISSUE:LOSS OF SOILS RESOURCE AND RELATED CAPABILITY THROUGH PHYSICAL DISTURBANCE....................... 7-97.3 BIODIVERSITY.............................................................................................................................. 7-10
7.3.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................. .............................................................. ....... 7-10
7.3.2 ISSUE:PHYSICAL DESTRUCTION OF TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY AND HABITAT............................................... 7-117.3.3 ISSUE:GENERAL DISTURBANCE OF BIODIVERSITY........................................................................................ 7-127.3.4 ISSUE:IMPACTS ONAQUATIC BIODIVERSITY................................................................... ............................ 7-15
7.4 SURFACE WATER......................................................................................................................... 7-17
7.4.1 ISSUE:ALTERING DRAINAGE PATTERNS....................................................... ............................................... 7-177.4.2 ISSUE:POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATER...................................................... ............................................... 7-19
7.5 GROUNDWATER........................................................................................................................... 7-22
7.5.1 ISSUE:DEWATERING........................................................... ............................................................... ...... 7-22
7.5.2 ISSUE:ISSUE:CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER......................................................... ............................ 7-247.6 AIR.............................................................................................................................................. 7-267.6.1 ISSUE:AIR POLLUTION.................................................................. .......................................................... 7-26
7.7 NOISE......................................................................................................................................... 7-297.7.1 ISSUE:NOISE POLLUTION................................................................................................................... ...... 7-29
7.8 BLASTING..................................................................................................................................... 7-337.8.1 ISSUE:BLASTING DAMAGE............................................................................................ ............................ 7-33
7.9 HERITAGE.................................................................................................................................... 7-357.9.1 ISSUE:DAMAGE TO HERITAGE SITES.................................... ............................................................. ........ 7-35
7.10 VISUAL........................................................................................................................................ 7-407.10.1 ISSUE:VISUAL IMPACT........................................................ ............................................................... ...... 7-40
7.11 TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETY......................................................................................................... 7-437.11.1 INTRODUCTION............................................. .............................................................. ............................ 7-43
7.11.2 ISSUE:INCREASE IN ROAD TRAFFIC AND RELATED SAFETY RISKS..... .......................................................... 7-43
7.12 SOCIO-ECONOMIC........................................................................................................................ 7-457.12.1 INTRODUCTION............................................. .............................................................. ............................ 7-457.12.2 ISSUE:ECONOMIC (INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT)IMPACT....................................... ....................................... 7-45
7.12.3 ISSUE:INWARD MIGRATION................................................................................................................. ...... 7-477.12.4 ISSUE:COMMUNITY DISPLACEMENT.................................................................................................. ........ 7-487.12.5 ISSUE:LOSS OF CURRENT LAND USES................................................................ ...................................... 7-50
8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS .................................................................................... 8-1
8.1 OVERALL MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES FOR THE PROJECT................................................................... 8-1
8.2 SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT PLANS....................................................................................................... 8-28.3 INDUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTALAWARENESS TRAINING................................................................. 8-1
8.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY.................................................... ............................................................... ........ 8-18.3.2 STEPS TOACHIEVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OBJECTIVES............................... ...................................... 8-28.3.3 TRAINING OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTALAWARENESS PLAN.. ............................................................ 8-3
8.4 PROCEDURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES AND REMEDIATION............................................. 8-5
8.4.1 GENERAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURE.......................................................... ................................................. 8-58.4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS............................................................................................... 8-5
8.4.3 TECHNICAL,MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL OPTIONS...................................................................................... 8-6
9 MONITORING AND AUDITING ......................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1 BASELINE MONITORING.................................................................................................................. 9-1
9.2 CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONAL PHASE MONITORING................................................................. 9-4
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
8/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page v
9.2.1 WATER RESOURCES........................................................... ............................................................... ........ 9-49.2.2 MINE EFFLUENT QUALITY AND QUANTITY................................................... ................................................. 9-5
9.2.3 WATER BALANCE............................................................... ............................................................... ........ 9-5
9.2.4 AIR QUALITY........................................................... .............................................................. ................... 9-59.2.5 BIODIVERSITY.......................................................... .............................................................. ................... 9-69.2.6 BLASTING DISTURBANCE......................................................................................................... ................... 9-7
9.2.7 NOISE LEVELS................................................................... ............................................................. .......... 9-79.2.8 MINERALISED WASTE FACILITIES AND WATER DAMS....................................................................................... 9-8
9.3 AUDITING AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS.................................................................................. 9-8
9.4 REPORTING................................................................................................................................... 9-8
10 KEY ASSUMPTIONS, UNCERTAINTIES AND LIMITATIONS ....................................................... 10-1
10.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT LIMIT............................................................................................. 10-1
10.2 PREDICTIVE MODELS IN GENERAL.................................................................................................. 10-1
10.3 GEOCHEMISTRY........................................................................................................................... 10-1
10.4 SURFACE WATER.......................................................................................................................... 10-2
10.5 GROUNDWATER........................................................................................................................... 10-2
10.6 AIR.............................................................................................................................................. 10-4
10.7 ARCHAEOLOGY............................................................................................................................. 10-4
10.8 NOISE.......................................................................................................................................... 10-4
10.9 BLASTING..................................................................................................................................... 10-4
10.10 VISUAL......................................................................................................................................... 10-5
10.11 TRAFFIC...................................................................................................................................... 10-5
10.12 SOCIO-ECONOMIC........................................................................................................................ 10-5
11 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT AND CONCLUSION .................................................. 11-1
12 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 12-1
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1-1: REGIONAL SETTING .................................................................................. ........................................ 1-4
FIGURE 1-2: LOCAL SETTING .................................................................................................... ................................ V
FIGURE 4-1: REGIONAL GEOLOGY (SLR, 2013) ............................................................... ..................................... 4-1
FIGURE 4-2: MONTHLY TEMPERATURE PROFILE (SLR, 2013) ................................... ........................................ 4-6
FIGURE 4-3: MONTHLY RAINFALL (SLR, 2013)................................................................ ...................................... 4-7
FIGURE 4-4: WINDROSE (ANNUAL) (SLR, 2013) ............................................................... ..................................... 4-7
FIGURE 4-5: WINDROSE (QUARTERLY) (SLR, 2013) .......................................................................... .................. 4-8
FIGURE 4-6: SOILS MAP (TERRA-AFRICA, 2013) ............................ ............................................................... ..... 4-12
FIGURE 4-7: LAND CAPABILITY (TERRA-AFRICA, 2013) .............................................. ...................................... 4-15
FIGURE 4-8: HABITAT UNITS IN THE CONCESSION AREA (SAS, 2013) ....................................................... ..... 4-21
FIGURE 4-9: AQUATIC ECOLOGY ASSESSMENT POINTS (SAS, 2013) ........................................................ ..... 4-24
FIGURE 4-10: WETLANDS IDENTIFIED IN THE CONCESSION AREA (SAS, 2013) ............................................ 4-28
FIGURE 4-11: SENSITIVITY MAP (SAS, 2013) ........................ .............................................................. ................ 4-29
FIGURE 4-12: SURFACE DRAINAGE AND TOPOGRAPHY (HIGHLANDS HYDROLOGY, 2013) ........................ 4-31
FIGURE 4-13: FLOODLINES (HIGHLANDS HYDROLOGY, 2013) ......................................................... ................ 4-36
FIGURE 4-14: REGIONAL AQUIFER CLASSIFICATION (SLR, 2013) ................................ ................................... 4-40
FIGURE 4-15: HYDROCENSUS POINTS (SLR, 2013) ........................................................ ................................... 4-43
FIGURE 4-16: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS AND AMBIENT LEVELS ....................................................... 4-48
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
9/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page vi
FIGURE 4-17: HERITAGE SITES IDENTIFIED IN THE CONCESSION AREA (PGS, 2013) .................................. 4-54
FIGURE 4-18: COMMUNITY STRUCTURES WITHIN THE CONCESSION AREA ................................................ 4-57
FIGURE 4-19: NEIGHBOURING PROSECTING AND MINING RIGHTS (FLEXICADASTRE MOZAMBIQUE, 2013) 4-59
FIGURE 4-20: LAND USE IN THE CONCESSION AREA (TERRA-AFRICA, 2013) ............................................... 4-60FIGURE 5-1: TSF ALTERNATIVE SITES ....................................................... ........................................................... 5-6
FIGURE 6-1: ACCESS TO SITE FROM MANICA TOWN ................................................. ........................................ 6-4
FIGURE 6-2 - NARROW BRIDGE NORTH OF MANICA .............................................................. ............................. 6-5
FIGURE 6-3 - ALTERNATIVE ACCESS TO SITE ..................................................... ................................................ 6-6
FIGURE 6-4 - BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM ........................................................ ......................................................... 6-20
FIGURE 6.5: DOTS LUCK PROCESS WATER BALANCE MODEL FOR AVERAGE WET SEASON (HIGHLANDSHYROLOGY, 2013) ............................................................ .............................................................. ................ 6-36
FIGURE 6.6: DOTS LUCK PROCESS WATER BALANCE MODEL FOR AVERAGE DRY SEASON (HIGHLANDSHYROLOGY, 2013) ............................................................ .............................................................. ................ 6-36
FIGURE 6.7: FAIR BRIDE PROCESS WATER BALANCE MODEL FOR AVERAGE WET SEASON (HIGHLANDSHYROLOGY, 2013) ............................................................ .............................................................. ................ 6-37
FIGURE 6.8: FAIR BRIDE PROCESS WATER BALANCE MODEL FOR AVERAGE DRY SEASON (HIGHLANDSHYROLOGY, 2013) ............................................................ .............................................................. ................ 6-37
FIGURE 6.9: GUY FAWKES PROCESS WATER BALANCE MODEL FOR AVERAGE WET SEASON (HIGHLANDSHYROLOGY, 2013) ............................................................ .............................................................. ................ 6-38
FIGURE 6.10: GUY FAWKES PROCESS WATER BALANCE MODEL FOR AVERAGE DRY SEASON (HIGHLANDSHYROLOGY, 2013) ............................................................ .............................................................. ................ 6-38
FIGURE 6-11: CENTRAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROCESS WATER BALANCE MODEL FOR AVERAGE WETSEASON (HIGHLANDS HYROLOGY, 2013) ................................................................ ................................... 6-39
FIGURE 6-12: CENTRAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROCESS WATER BALANCE MODEL FOR AVERAGE DRYSEASON (HIGHLANDS HYDROLOGY 2013) ................................................... .............................................. 6-40
FIGURE 6-13: PROPOSED SITE LAYOUT ............................................................... .............................................. 6-45
FIGURE 7-1: TSF FAILURE ZONE ................................................................. ........................................................... 7-6FIGURE 8-1: CONCEPTUAL STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (HIGHLANDS HYDROLOGY, 2013) ......... 8-17
FIGURE 9-1: BASELINE WATER MONITORING ................................................................ ...................................... 9-3
FIGURE 9-2: MONITORING POINTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONAL PHASE ......................... 9-9
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1-1: EIA REPORT REQUIREMENTS ACCORDING TO DECREE 45/2004..................... ............................. 1-2
TABLE 1-2: EIA REPORT REQUIREMENTS FROM MICOA .................................................................................... 1-3
TABLE 1-3: EIA PROCESS ................................................................................................ ....................................... 1-6
TABLE 1-4: ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT TEAM .................................................... ................................................ 1-6
TABLE 1-5: EXPLORATOR CONTACT DETAILS ................................................................ ..................................... 1-7TABLE 4-1: TEMPERATURE AND EVAPORATION (SLR, 2013) ........................................................... .................. 4-5
TABLE 4-2: SOILS TYPES IN THE CONCESSION AREA (TERRA-AFRICA, 2013) .............................................. 4-11
TABLE 4-3: HABITAT UNITS (SAS, 2013) .............................................................................................. ................ 4-20
TABLE 4-4: SUMMARY OF AQUATIC ECOLOGY ASSESSMENT FINDINGS (SAS, 2013) .................................. 4-25
TABLE 4-5: WATER QUALITY OF THE SAMPLES COLLECTED AT MANICA GOLD MINE (SLR, 2013) ............ 4-33
TABLE 4-6: RETURN PERIOD 24-HOUR STORM DEPTHS (HIGHLANDS HYDROLOGY, 2013) ........................ 4-34
TABLE 4-7: SUB-CATCHMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND PEAK FLOWS (HIGHLANDS HYDROLOGY, 2013) . 4-34
TABLE 4-8: SITE SIGNIFICANCE CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS USED (PGS, 2013) ...................................... 4-50
TABLE 4-9: HERITAGE SITES IDENTIFIED IN THE CONCESSION AREA (PGS, 2013) ...................................... 4-50
TABLE 4-10: NEIGHBOURING PROSPECTING AND MINING RIGHTS (FLEXICADASTRE MOZAMBIQUE, 2013) 4-
58
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
10/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page vii
TABLE 4-11: REGIONAL SETTING (SYNERGISTICS, 2013) ...................................................... ........................... 4-63
TABLE 5-1: TSF SITE SELECTION MATRIX ............................................................ ................................................ 5-2
TABLE 6-1: MAGNITUDE OF MINING OPERATIONS ......................................................... ..................................... 6-1
TABLE 6-2: CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES TO BE USED ON SITE .......................................................................... 6-7
TABLE 6-3: TABLE OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................ 6-8TABLE 6-4: WATER SUPPLY FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES BREAKDOWN .............................................. 6-11
TABLE 6-5: WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................................. ..... 6-12
TABLE 6-6: DETAILS ON THE GUY FAWKES UNDERGROUND MINING OPERATIONS ................................... 6-16
TABLE 6-7: GROUNDWATER INFLOW RATES AT FULL DEVELOPMENT FOR MANICA GOLD MINE (SLR, 2013).......................................................... ................................................................. .............................................. 6-16
TABLE 6-8: MINERAL PROCESSING OPERATIONS AT THE PROCESS PLANT ................................................ 6-17
TABLE 6-9: PROCESS PLANT REAGENTS ............................................................. .............................................. 6-21
TABLE 6-10: CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE WASTE ROCK DUMP ............................................................. ..... 6-22
TABLE 6-11: WASTE ROCK DUMP AND LOW GRADE ORE /STOCKPILE CLASSIFICATION............................ 6-22
TABLE 6-12: CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE TAILINGS FACILITY AND RETURN WATER DAM ..................... 6-23
TABLE 6-13: TAILINGS FACILITY CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA........................................................................... 6-25
TABLE 6-14: VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT TO BE USED ON SITE DURING OPERATIONS .............................. 6-27
TABLE 6-15: OPERATIONAL PHASE WATER REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................... 6-27
TABLE 6-16: NON-MINERALISED WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OPERATIONS ................................................. 6-28
TABLE 7-1: CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING IMPACTS ........................................................... ..................................... 7-3
TABLE 7-2: HAZARDOUS EXCAVATIONS & INFRASTRUCTURE/SURFACE SUBSIDENCE - LINK MINE PHASES& ACTIVITIES ......................................................... .............................................................. ............................. 7-4
TABLE 7-3: SOIL POLLUTIONLINK TO MINE PHASE AND ACTIVITIES ............................................................ 7-7
TABLE 7-4: PHYSICAL DISTURBANCE OF SOILS AND REDUCED LAND CAPABILITYLINK TO MINE PHASEAND ACTIVITIES ............................................................... .............................................................. .................. 7-9
TABLE 7-5: PHYSICAL DESTRUCTION OF TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY AND HABITAT - LINK TO MINEPHASES AND ACTIVITIES .................................................................... ......................................................... 7-11
TABLE 7-6: GENERAL DISTURBANCE OF TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITYLINK TO MINE PHASES ANDACTIVITIES..................................................................................................... ................................................. 7-13
TABLE 7-7: IMPACTS ON AQUATIC BIODIVERSITYLINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES .................... 7-15
TABLE 7-8: SURFACE WATER POLLUTION SOURCESLINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES ................ 7-19
TABLE 7-9: DEWATERINGLINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES ........................................................ ..... 7-22
TABLE 7-10: GROUNDWATER INFLOW RATES AT FULL DEVELOPMENT FOR MANICA GOLD MINE (SLR,2013) ............................................................ ................................................................. ................................... 7-22
TABLE 7-11: CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATERLINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES ................... 7-24
TABLE 7-12: AIR POLLUTIONLINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES ........................................................ 7-27
TABLE 7-13: NOISE POLLUTIONLINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES ................................................... 7-30
TABLE 7-14: PREDICTED INCREASE AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS (SLR, 2013) .................................................... 7-31
TABLE 7-15: BLASTING DAMAGELINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES ................................................. 7-33
TABLE 7-16: HERITAGE IMPACTSLINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES/INFRASTRUCTURE .............. 7-35
TABLE 7-17: HERITAGE SITES LIKELY TO BE IMPACTED UPON BY MINING INFRASTUCTURE .................... 7-37
TABLE 7-18: VISUAL IMPACTSLINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES/INFRASTRUCTURE .................... 7-41
TABLE 7-19: TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETY IMPACTSLINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES ................. 7-43
TABLE 7-20: SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTSLINK TO MINE PHASES AND ACTIVITIES .................................. 7-45
TABLE 8-1: SUMMARY OF ISSUES IDENTIFIED IN THE EIA WITH RELEVANT MANAGEMENT PLANS ............ 8-2
TABLE 8-2: HAZARDOUS STRUCTURES AND EXCAVATIONS (INCLUDING SUBSIDENCE) MANAGEMENTPLAN (THIRD PARTY SAFETY AND SECURITY) ............................................................................................ 8-1
TABLE 8-3: BLAST MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................... ................................................ 8-3
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
11/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page viii
TABLE 8-4: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................ 8-6
TABLE 8-5: SOIL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................ .................................................. 8-7
TABLE 8-6: TOPSOIL STRIPPING AND STOCKPILING ............................................................. ............................. 8-8
TABLE 8-7: BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................. ................................... 8-10
TABLE 8-8: STORMWATER AND EFFLUENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................... 8-13TABLE 8-9: EFFLUENT DISCHARGE STANDARDS ........................................................... ................................... 8-18
TABLE 8-10: GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................................................... 8-19
TABLE 8-11: DUST MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................... .............................................. 8-21
TABLE 8-12: GASEOUS EMISSIONS MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................ 8-23
TABLE 8-13: STACK PARAMETERS AND EMISSION LIMITS FOR THE OPERATIONS ..................................... 8-24
TABLE 8-14: VISUAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................ .............................................. 8-25
TABLE 8-15: NOISE MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................... ...................................... 8-26
TABLE 8-16: EMPLOYMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................... ................................... 8-27
TABLE 8-17: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................................................... 8-28
TABLE 8-18: ROAD USE MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................................................... 8-29TABLE 8-19: INWARD MIGRATION MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................... 8-31
TABLE 8-20: SOCIAL LINK AND COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................ ..... 8-32
TABLE 8-21: STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................. ........................... 8-33
TABLE 8-22: HERITAGE (AND CULTURAL) RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................. 8-34
TABLE 8-23: CONTRACTOR CAMP MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................................... ........................... 8-35
TABLE 8-24: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES .................................... ................................................... 8-1
TABLE 9-1: MONITORING PARAMETERS FOR ANALYSIS (BASELINE WATER MONITORING) ......................... 9-2
TABLE 9-2: WATER MONITORING PARAMETERS FOR ANALYSIS (CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS) ..... 9-4
TABLE 11-1: SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROPOSEDMANICA PROJECT ................................................................................................... ...................................... 11-1
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX ARESETTLEMENT PLAN ........................................................ .............................................................. A
APPENDIX BPUBLIC CONSULTATION RECORDS ........................................................ ........................................ B
APPENDIX CRECORD OF CORRESPONDENCE WITH RELEVANT AUTHORITIES ...........................................C
APPENDIX DGEOCHEMICAL DESK STUDY SPECIALIST REPORT ........................................................... ..........D
APPENDIX ESOIL AND LAND CAPABILITY SPECIALIST REPORT ............................................................ .......... E
APPENDIX FBIODIVERSITY SPECIALIST REPORTS ............................................................ ................................ F
APPENDIX GHYDROLOGY SPECIALIST REPORT ........................................................ ....................................... G
APPENDIX HGROUNDWATER SPECIALIST REPORT .......................................................... ................................H
APPENDIX IAIR QUALITY SPECIALIST REPORT .......................................................... ......................................... I
APPENDIX JNOISE SPECIALIST REPORT.......................................................... ................................................... J
APPENDIX KHERITAGE SPECIALIST REPORT ............................................................. ........................................ K
APPENDIX LSOCIAL SPECIALIST REPORT ................................................................................................ .......... L
APPENDIX MECONOMICS SPECIALIST REPORT ...................................................................................... ......... M
APPENDIX NBLASTING SPECIALIST REPORT ............................................................. ........................................N
APPENDIX OPROJECT TEAM CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................ ............................... O
APPENDIX PCONCEPTUAL CLOSURE PLAN ................................................................ ........................................ P
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
12/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page i
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Included below is a list of acronyms and abbreviations relevant to this report.
Acronyms Descriptiona Annum
ABA Acid Base Accounting
ADT Articulated dump truck
Al Aluminium
AMD/ARD Acid Mine/Rock Drainage
amsl above mean sea level
AP Acid Potential
dBA Decibels
C Degree centigrade
CO Carbon monoxide
CO2 Carbon dioxide
Cu Copper
d Day
dB Decibels
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DPM Diesel Particulate Matter
DU Domestic use
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
EVA Economic value addedmg/ Milligrams per litre
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GGP Gross Geographic Product
GIS Geographical Information Systems
h Hour
H2SO4 Sulphuric acid
HC Hydrocarbons
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide
IFC International Finance Corporation
k Kilo (a thousand)
kg Kilogramkm square kilometres
kV Kilo Volt
Litre
LA Local Authorities
LDV Light delivery vehicle
LM Local Municipality
LOM Life of Mine
m Metre
M Million
Mg Magnesium
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
13/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page ii
Acronyms Description
m/s metres per second
mamsl Metres above mean sea level
MAP Mean Annual Precipitation
MAR Mean Annual Run-offMICOA Ministry of Coordination of Environmental Affairs
mg Milligram
mg/ milligram/litre
min Minute
mm Millimetres
Mm million cubic metres
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
O/C Outcrop
Pb chemical symbol for lead
PCD Pollution control damPM10 Particulate matter less than 10 microns in size
PCP Public Consultation Process
ROM Run Of Mine
RWD Return Water Dam
SA South Africa
SABS South African Bureau of Standards
SIA Social Impact Assessment
SO2 Sulphur dioxide
TLB Tractor-Loader-Backhoe
TOR Terms of Reference
TSP Total suspended particulatesW Watt
WHO World Health Organization
WRD Waste Rock Dump
Zn Chemical symbol for zinc
micro - one millionth
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
14/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page 1-3
NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY
General introduction
Explorator Limitada (Explorator) is proposing to develop the Manica Gold Project in Mozambique.Explorator holds mining concession 3990C issued on 3 March 2011 for the concession area, which is
situated approximately 4km north of the town of Manica, which in turn, lies approximately 270km west-
northwest of the city of Beira. The concession area additionally lies close to the Mozambican border with
Zimbabwe, with the Zimbabwean town of Mutare situated about 5km from the Mozambican-Zimbabwean
border. The regional setting is presented in Figure 1-1, with the concession area shown in red, and the
local setting is presented in Figure 1-2.
Explorator was previously wholly owned by Pan African Resources Limited (PAR) until 17 thJanuary 2012
when it was wholly purchased by Australian Listed Company Auroch Mineral NL (Auroch). PAR
conducted several phases of exploratory work from 2001 to 2011 after mining operations conducted
during the 1950s. Auroch has continued this exploratory work and is in the progress of conducting a
definitive feasibility study.
The proposed project will include two open pits, a shallow underground mine area to be accessed via two
adits, a 60 kilo ton per month processing plant, with supporting infrastructure and residue facilities. This
project targets the non-refractory, relatively shallow ore. Life of mine is currently expected to be less than
ten years.
Mining concession 3990C requires that Explorator conducts an environmental impact assessment (EIA)
and submit an EIA report in order to obtain an environmental licence by 3 March 2014. EnviroSig Lda
(EnviroSig), a Mozambique environmental consultancy registered with the Ministry of Coordination of
Environmental Affairs (MICOA), and SLR Consulting Africa (Pty) (Ltd) (SLR) a South African based
environmental consultancy, have been appointed to conduct the EIA for the proposed Manica Gold
Project. It should however be noted that an independent environmental consultant, Mr. Dinis Napido
completed the Environmental Pre-feasibility Study and Scope Definition (EPDA) and Terms of Reference
(ToR) for the EIA report for this project. This report was accepted by MICOA on 18 December 2012.Explorator informed MICOA of the change to the environmental consultant in a letter dated (Ref:
102/EXP/2013) and this was accepted in writing by MICOA on 17 September 2013.
EnviroSig was responsible for project management, authority liaison, public consultation process, local
team co-ordination and was a key member of the social and resettlement specialist teams. SLR was
responsible for management of technical specialists and the compilation of the EIA report.
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
15/308
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
16/308
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
17/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page vi
Project motivation (need and desirability)
The proposed project has the potential to uplift the local communities by providing some employment
opportunities and downstream procurement goods and service opportunities. The proposed project also
represents a relatively large private sector investment and its success will have a significantly positiveimpact on the national and local economy in the short term. Potential impacts on the environment can be
managed to acceptable levels if the recommendations in section8 are successfully implemented.
Legal framework and environmental assessment process
Section written in Portuguese
Stakeholder engagement
Engagement with stakeholders was conducted during the EPDA (Scoping) Phase by Dinis Napido. This
included:
Informal and formal meetings that were held from June to September 2010 in the villages of
Cacrue and Chinhadombwe
A public and community hearing was held on 28th August 2012. This meeting was advertised in
the newspaper Dirio de Moambique. The meeting was attended by regulatory authorities,
traditional leadership and the general public.
EnviroSig is currently implementing a continuation of the stakeholder engagement process that includes:
Expansion of the stakeholder database
Community engagement through focussed meetings
Compilation of an Issues and Concerns Report
Public review of the draft EIR
Public hearings to give feedback on the findings of the EIA and obtain stakeholder feedback
Compilation of a final public engagement report to be submitted with the final EIA report to the
relevant authorities.
Environmental setting, potential impacts and mitigation
A summary of the environmental aspects that describe the pre-mining environment as informed by
specialist studies are listed below. Each section also summarises the potential impacts and the key
mitigation measures to manage the potential impacts to an acceptable level.
Geology
The Fair Bride and Dots Luck gold target zones are located in the eastern portion of the Manica
concession area associated with a 7 km BIF horizon. The Guy Fawkes gold target zone is located on the
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
18/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page vii
northern limb of the synclinal structure approximately 2 km north of Fair Bride. The results of a desktop
geochemical study showed that there is low risk of acid generation, however there is the potential for
some trace elements to be leached out of exposed rock.. Potential impacts related to geology are dealt
with in the groundwater section.
Climate
At approximately 19 degrees south of the Equator the concession area lies within the sub-equatorial
region which is drier than the inner humid tropical regions. Average temperature ranges between 15 to
24 degrees Celsius over the year. The interpolated annual average rainfall is 1,260mm per year, with the
rainy season occurring from November through to March. April and October are transitional months either
side of the dry season of May to September during which an average rainfall of 21.4mm occurs. From
January to March the prevailing wind is from the south east. From April to September winds are more
variable with winds tending to be south easterly or north easterly. October to December sees a transition
with north easterlies becoming more frequent before the south easterlies dominate once more. The
average wind speed is 2.6m/s. Climatic data has been used to inform the air quality, hydrology and water
balance studies.
Topography
The Manica area is located in an embayment within the East African Escarpment, with the topography
rising steeply to the west, north and south, to the Zimbabwean border, which is defined by the
escarpment. The concession area can be divided into two main topographical domains:
The broad flat flood plains, associated along the alluvial systems that lie between 680 m to 720 m
above mean sea level (amsl)
A mountainous domain, i.e. Vengo Mountains, north and south of the Manica Gold Mine
concession area peaking at approximately 1602 m above mean sea level.
The topography will be changed by the proposed infrastructure and excavations associated with
proposed mine. All excavations and infrastructure into which or off which people and animals can fall are
considered hazardous. If unmitigated, the potential negative impact is high because the hazardousexcavations and infrastructure may cause injury to people and animals. This potential impact can be
mitigated to an acceptable level through the following measures:
Access control through barriers, warning signs and security check points
Education and training of workers and the public
Design, construction and implementation of infrastructure stability and safety design measures
Dots Luck open pit will be backfilled
Fair Bride open pit will be made safe from both a stability and access perspective.
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
19/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page viii
Soil and Land Capability
Three soils types were identified in the concession area, namely Lixisols, Leptosols (associated with
steep areas) and Gleysols (associated with wetlands). Lixisols are widespread and dominate the site.
Soil analysis shows that topsoil is more fertile than subsoil and therefore it is important to conserve thisvaluable resource. Red Lixisols cover the Gleysols in many areas due to sedimentation caused by
artisanal mining.
Land capability in the concession area (3,037ha) is comprised of approximately 67% arable land, 26%
grazing land and 7% wetland.
Soils and land capability can be lost through pollution and physical disturbance. The physical loss of
soils and/or the loss of soil functionality are important issues because as an ecological driver, soil is the
medium in which most vegetation grows and in which a significant range of vertebrates and invertebrates
exist. In the context of mining, it is even more of an issue if one considers that mining is a temporary land
use where-after rehabilitation is the key to re-establishing post closure land capability that will support
conservation and ecotourism type land uses. Soil is a key part of this rehabilitation.
In the unmitigated scenario, there are a number of activities that will disturb and potentially damage the
soils through physical disturbance and/or pollution. Key management and mitigation measures include
the following:
Limiting the disturbance footprint of the project
Stripping, storing and maintaining soils in accordance with the soil management plan
Reusing stored soil during the rehabilitation and restoration process
Pollution prevention through infrastructure design, and education and training of workers
Implementation of procedures to enable fast reaction to contain and remediate spills
Post rehabilitation auditing to determine the success of the rehabilitation.
Biodiversity (fauna and flora)
The study area falls within the Central Zambesian Miombo Woodland (AT0704) ecoregion (SAS, 2013).
The Central Zambezian Miombo Woodland is one of the largest ecoregions in Africa. While much of the
ecoregion has been transformed by urban development, bush clearing, agriculture and mining, the
southern occurrences of the ecoregion, especially in the southern DRC, remain largely intact. The
ecoregion is listed as vulnerable.
The concession area can be divided into three broad habitat units, namely ridges, riparian and wetland
areas, and communal (mostly transformed agricultural) areas. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have
been significantly impact upon by anthropogenic activities (activities conducted by humans) such as
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
20/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page ix
agriculture and artisanal mining. The wetlands have also been impacted upon; however they are still
valuable in terms of providing ecosystem and socio-cultural services. The majority of the concession
area can be considered to have low or moderate ecological sensitivity; however there are some areas of
higher sensitivity.
Biodiversity can be lost through physical destruction or general disturbance of terrestrial and aquatic
habitat and species. In the broadest sense, biodiversity provides value for ecosystem functionality,
aesthetic, spiritual, cultural, and recreational reasons. The known ecosystem related value includes: soil
formation and fertility maintenance, primary production through photosynthesis as the supportive
foundation for all life, provision of food and fuel, provision of shelter and building materials, regulation of
water flows and water quality, regulation and purification of atmospheric gases, moderation of climate
and weather, control of pests and diseases, and maintenance of genetic resources.
The surface infrastructure layout has been developed to avoid areas of higher sensitivity as far as
practically possible. In addition, the following mitigation measures are key in managing potential impacts
to an acceptable level:
Limiting the disturbance footprint of the project
Rescue and relocate any protected species
The flow of water in streams will not be impeded
Off-road driving will not be permitted Prevent access to water containing dams
Minimise disturbing activities such as noise and lighting
Manage alien invasive plant species
Ensuring proper management of waste
Education of mine workers on the value of biodiversity and how to minimise impacts
Proper rehabilitation of the site.
Surface water
Streams within the concession area drain towards the Revue River, which flows in an easterly direction
across the site. The Revue River then flows in a south-easterly direction into Chicamba Dam
approximately 20km downstream.
Surface water is used by local communities for domestic and agricultural use, as well as for washing of
ore obtained through artisanal mining. The Revue River valley has also been subjected to alluvial gold
mining through the use of pontoon mounted dredgers floating on lagoons. Although the streams appear
highly turbid, baseline monitoring showed only elevated levels of arsenic and aluminium.
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
21/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page x
Surface water could be impacted upon by altering the natural drainage pattern and pollution. However,
the alteration of drainage patterns is not expected to be significant because runoff (rainfall) from only
eight percent of the total concession area will need to be contained to prevent surface water pollution.
Surface water could also be impacted upon by pollution through accidental spills and leaks, and throughthe discharge of excess mine water. Pollution impacts can be managed to an acceptable level with the
implementation of the following key management measures:
Implement a stormwater management plan that will divert clean runoff away from the site and
contain contaminated runoff
Dirty water containment facilities must be properly designed and cater for the 1:50 year flood
event and maintain adequate freeboard
Avoid activities within stream floodlines as far as practically possible. In this regard it should be
noted that the infrastructure layout was developed in a manner to avoid watercourses where
possible
Proper management of potentially polluting substances
Ensure that mine effluent discharge is treated to a suitable standard so as not to negatively affect
downstream users.
Groundwater
The concession area is underlain by shallow weathered (in the mountainous areas) and deeper
weathered (in the low-laying plains) associated greenstone rocks classified as intergranular fracturedaquifer. The greenstones provide primary porosity and storage capacity with limited groundwater
movement and secondary features like the dominant east-west oriented and northeast-southwest shear
zones enhancing potential groundwater flow. Groundwater is expected to predominantly flow in the
weathered zone and brecciated shear zone.
The greenstones are overlain by an unconfined alluvial (i.e. primary aquifer) sand aquifer along river and
drainage courses which typically exhibits much higher hydraulic conductivities and storativity. Storativity
is the capacity of an aquifer to store and releasegroundwater. The alluvial aquifers are also in direct
contact with the surface water. Once surface water run-off recedes in the dry season, groundwater acts
as the main contribution to these alluvial aquifers. This is evidenced by the main rivers, such as the
Revue River, which flow thought the dry season.
Groundwater is used for domestic and agricultural use. Baseline monitoring showed some cases of
elevated chromium, lead and nitrate concentrations. These are believed to be caused by anthropogenic
activities.
Groundwater availability can be compromised by dewatering activities at the mine sites. The drawdown
from dewatering at Dots Luck and Fair Bride is likely to impact on the boreholes F4 and F5, which are
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
22/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page xi
owned by Explorator. No third party boreholes were found to occur within the cones of depression for the
open pits or Guy Fawkes. The drawdown from dewatering at Guy Fawkes is expected to reduce the
amount of water discharge from natural fountains in the area. Dewatering in the open pits and
underground mine will also reduce the groundwater contribution to base flow in the Revue andMukurumanzi Rivers. These impacts are however estimated to be moderate. If monitoring indicates a
mine-related decrease in groundwater supply to third parties (through either changes in quantity or
quality), appropriate measures will be taken to prevent the decrease from occurring, and/or to provide the
affected third parties with an alternative water supply.
Groundwater could also be impacted upon through pollution, mainly from seepage from residue facilities.
In this respect it has been predicted that in the unmitigated scenario, seepage from the residue facilities
would reach the Revue River within 25 years. These impacts can be mitigated to an acceptable level
with the implementation of the following key measures:
The residue facilities will be equipped with liner and runoff collection systems
If monitoring shows that groundwater quality is deteriorating downstream of the residue facilities,
additional measures will be put in place to capture seepage. This could include seepage cut-off
trenches and/or scavenger wells
Should groundwater pollution problems persist upon closure, the residue facilities will be capped
with an impermeable layer
Implementation of a groundwater monitoring programme to monitor potential pollution and takecorrective action should unexpected pollution plumes be identified.
Air quality
Air quality is considered to be typical of a non-industrialised urbanised area in Manica. In the non-
populated areas around Manica and the proposed mine site (away from roads) the main influences on air
quality are likely to be regional pollution and small scale agricultural practices (e.g. intermittent burning or
dust from brush clearing).
The main project related contaminants include: inhalable particulate matter less than 10 microns in size(PM10), larger total suspended particulates (TSP), and gas emissions including sulphur dioxide (SO2),
nitrogen dioxide (NO2), cadmium, arsenic, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and carbon monoxide (CO). At certain
concentrations, each of these contaminants can have health and/or nuisance impacts. However
dispersion modelling predicts that these contaminants will stay well below relevant air quality standards.
Air quality management measures will include effective dust suppression, and ensuring that the
processing plant and waste incinerator emissions remain within relevant air quality standards with the use
of effective technology.
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
23/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page xii
Noise
Baseline noise monitoring determined that ambient noise levels are generally low and represent a rural
type environment, with the exception of Cacarue which has a suburban noise environment.
Noise pollution will have different impacts on different receptors because some are very sensitive to noise
and others are not. For example, workers do not expect a noise free work environment and so they will
be less sensitive to environmental noise pollution at work. Local residents are likely to be sensitive to
unnatural noises and so any change to ambient noise levels because of mine related noise will have a
negative impact on them. The concession area has numerous scattered dwellings, as well as schools in
various locations, and these represent potential sensitive receptors.
Noise modelling shows a potentially significant increase in noise levels could be experienced by various
receptors. However, the majority of these receptors will need to be relocated for safety reasons
associated with blasting. Other key mitigation measures will be the monitoring of noise levels once the
mine is operational to determine if there are unacceptable increases in noise at sensitive receptors, and
implementing additional corrective action if required.
Heritage
Numerous heritage sites have been identified in the concession area. These included archaeological
sites, cemeteries, sacred sites and architectural structures, as well as Fort Macequece, a registered
national monument. All of these sites are legally protected.
Numerous heritage sites are likely to be impacted upon by the proposed mining activities. The impacts
can me managed to an acceptable level by implementing the following management measures:
Where graves, archaeological sites and heritage structures lie within the proposed mine fence
lines but not within actual infrastructure footprints, these will be demarcated with a 50m buffer
and protected for the duration of the operations
Adjusting the fence lines to exclude heritage sites where practical
Adjusting the surface layout to avoid heritage sites where practical Where archaeological sites will be disturbed and/or destroyed the mine will follow legal
procedures and apply for the necessary permits
Where graves will be disturbed and/or destroyed the mine will follow legal procedures and apply
for the necessary permits.
Visual
The landscape has been significantly impacted upon by anthropogenic activities, particularly in the flatter
areas. Steeper areas are often uninhabited and unsuitable for agricultural activities and therefore have a
higher scenic value. Overall, the scenic value is rated as moderate.
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
24/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page xiii
The proposed mine infrastructure will impact on the visual environment. The proposed mine
infrastructure will be clearly visible from numerous points in the communities, such as the road to
Phenyahlonga, the road to Fort Macquecue, numerous smaller community roads as well as from thescattered dwellings, schools and community facilities throughout the concession area. Therefore visual
exposure would be high.
Sensitivity of receptors relates to the way in which people will view the visual intrusion. In this regard, it is
anticipated that residential receptors will be sensitive but mine related receptors may not be sensitive. It
should also be noted that community members may not consider the presence of mine infrastructure to
be a deterioration in their environment, instead they may view the mine as an opportunity for employment
and upliftment of the community overall.
Taken together, the unmitigated severity for all phases is moderate to high. However, many of the
sensitive receptors fall within the proposed mine fenced areas or the blasting buffer zones around the
open pits and will therefore need to be relocated. In this way, the severity at those receptors that may be
most impacted upon may be reduced to moderate. Other mitigation measures include:
Limit land disturbance
Final shaping and colouring of infrastructure will attempt to avoid harsh angular shapes and care
will be taken to integrate structures into the surrounding landscape
Night lights will be used sparingly to illuminate specific areas only. The use of high pole flood
lights will be avoided where possible
Littering will be prevented
Dust will be effectively supressed.
Socio-economic
Mozambique has a growing economy with much potential for development particularly within the mining
sector. The Dots Luck and Guy Fawkes areas fall under the district municipality and are administered at
the Machipanda Administrative Posts in the town of Maridza. The Fair Bride mining section isadministered by the local Municipality of Manica, which is located in Manica Town. Communities are
engaged in subsistence agriculture and illegal artisanal mining, and there are commercial fruit and a
chicken farms within the concession area. Education and employment are relatively low with associated
poverty levels, while there is a lack of housing, community infrastructure and access to basic services in
the local and regional area. There are numerous Zimbabwean Nationals who are in Mozambique illegally
and engaging in illegal artisanal mining in the mince concession area.
The socio-economic environment could be impacted upon in the following ways:
8/11/2019 20140217 Explorator Manica Project EIA Combined1
25/308
EnviroSig
Ref. 710.05024.00004Report No.2
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for theProposed Manica Gold Project
February 2014
Page xiv
Positive economic impact through employment and opportunities created
Inward migration whereby people move into the area in search of employment or other
opportunities
Community displacement in areas proposed for mine infrastructure Loss of current land use.
These are discussed briefly below.
A positive economic impact is expected on both a local and broader scale, for the life of the project.
During operations, positive economic impacts could be enhanced by employing and procuring locally
where possible and ensuring corporate social responsibility investment. However, it is noted that the
project life span is relatively short, therefore it is important to ensure that economic considerations into
closure planning, for example re-skilling of employees and engaging with local structures and business to
discuss strategies for limiting economic impact of mine closure.
A potential negative social impact is the inward migration of people in search of employment and other
opportunities. It should be noted that the proposed mine will be mechanised and represent a relatively
small employment opportunity, with only 639 construction and 451 operational job opportunities
expected. The mine plans to employ local people where possible and comply with Mozambique
employment regulations as a minumum. This means that there should not be a significant amount of
workers who need to find accommodation in the area. However, there could still be an influx of peopleinto the Manica area in search of work and mine related opportunities. While it is not possible to
establish a defendable direct causal link between the proposed project and the regional phenomena of
inward migration, it is reasonable to assume that inward migration will occur both directly and/or indirectly
from regional economic development in general, and that proposed mine will play a significant role in this
development. Key mitigation measures include:
Establish a transparent employment procedure
Broadly disseminate information on the actual number of skilled and unskilled positions available
during all project phases in an effort to manage expectations. This issue will also be addressed
during th
Top Related