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1/21IBM Research
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Every day we learn that the systems on our planet are
more interrelated than previously imagined.
Some connections have always existed but are just
now being discovered. Others are created through huma
ingenuity and the creative application of technology.
Today, to improve the systems that support the way
we live and work, trillions of transistors and billions of
sensors are being embedded in business, technologica
and natural systems, such as rivers, cities, deserts and
even the human body. When the gathered data is linkedto the Internet and analyzed, it can make our world
increasingly intelligent, instrumented and interconnecte
Solving some o the mostignifcant challenges
o our time by reimagininghow science and technologyare applied to the world.
A LETTER FROM THE DI
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LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR
research goal. From studying solar energy and water desalinization in the des
of the Middle East, to monitoring the health of the ecosystem surrounding Irela
beaches and lakes, to developing systems to help improve safety on city str
we are in a very real sense making the world our laboratory.
For more than 60 years, Research has been one of IBMs key differentiators in
the marketplace, making the kind of discoveries that shape the future of busin
government, academia and society.Through the practical application of todays
research, we not only help IBM lead, but we
help dene the way people interact with tech
nology for decades to come.
We are developing cognitive com puting
systems (fg.2) designed to mimic the human
brains ability to sense and respond on very
little power, so tomorrows computing sys
tems may solve complex problems in real
time while requiring less energy than todays
systems consume.
o make these systems smarter, IBM Research collaborates across disciplines to
ddress some of the worlds most complex problems and promising opportunities.
We believe that profound breakthroughs will come when businesses, govern
ents, academic institutions and others work together to tap into diverse points
f view and expertise. Together, were working to understand how systems are
terconnected and the role technology plays
ithin them.
IBM Research helps clients discover newonnections through exploratory research and
ain competitive advantage through applied
esearch. That could mean leveraging new
odels of computational biology to unlock the
ecrets of stem cell regulation, or developing a
edical imaging system (fg.1) with resolution
00 million times ner than conventional
RI technology to help target medicine for
ach individual.
We are expanding the notion of how we work and where we innovate.
Though we continue to conduct research in our laboratories in China, India,
rael, Japan, Switzerland and the United States, we also are colocating in the eld
ith a range of partners to share skills, assets and resources to achieve a common
Resolution 100 million times fner than conventionalmagnetic resonance imaging may ultimately enablenano MRIs to unravel protein interactions and advancepersonalized medicine.
fg.1 Microscopic Imaging
By simulating the wiring o the brain, cognitivecomputing aims to create computer systems thdeal with ambiguity and learn over time.
fg.2 Simulating the Brain
Parietal lobe:touch, motion and
spatial reasoning
Occipital lobe:vision
Temporal lobe:sound, smell, memoand comprehension
Frontal higher lemental rand contr
IBM RE
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LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR
IBM researchers are united in our passion to make the world work better
dedicated to creating an impact for our clients and IBM, collaborating to chan
the way the world works, and discovering the answers to our greatest challen
Along the way, we benet from the talent and commitment of research e
neers, scientists and technical professionals who rank among the very
in the world, in disciplines ranging from astronomy to vacuum physics, f
accessibility to advanced business analytics, from computational biology to
science of services.We are Nobel Laureates, prolic inventors and recipients of the worlds hig
honors in science and technology. Together, we are IBM Researcha team
only playing a leading role in improving the world today, but charting a sm
future in which we all can thrive.
This is where our story begins. In the pages ahead, we present a rst h
account of IBM Research in actionimmersing ourselves in strategic locat
and natural environments across the globe to benet business and socie
far reaching and lasting ways.
To facilitate privacy on the Web, we are working
to encrypt data(fg.3) in ways that enable people
to work with information without actually seeing
it. By assembling semiconducting nanowires
directly onto DNA molecules, engineers may
be able to design smarter chips that pack more
speed and power at far smaller dimensions.
And by reusing and redirecting heat from datacenter operations, we can help optimize their
infrastructures for energy and space efciency.
Services and service systems also are strategic areas of scientic study at
BM Research. We are sharply focused on the interplay of people, organizational
ractices and business models to design innovations that help combine the
apabilities of people and technology to create new value for IBM clients, and that
elp improve the quality, efciency and protability of business services.
Were even designing a computing system that can understand complex natural
nguage and quickly answer wide ranging questions with pinpoint accuracy.
amed Watson, the system will rst go head to head against human contestants
n Americas favorite quiz show,Jeopardy! Ultimately, the Deep QA technology will
e applied to help solve major business problems.
JohnE.
KellyIIIphoto:ThePoughkeepsieJournal
lly homomorphic encryption could solve a
oblem that remained unanswered or 0 years w to perorm calculations on encrypted datathout decryption.
3 Web o Privacy
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Dr. John E. Kelly IIIIBM Senior Vice President and Director o IBM Research
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Taking research intothe world
Asking the questions that lead to progress, IBM long agoabandoned the notion that a scientists work had to beconned to the lab. By immersing ourselves in real worldconditions and variables, we can gather and applyknowledge faster and more accurately than ever before.
1.1 Managing human impact on rivers
by streaming information
1.2 Reducing trafc jamsby creating them
1.3 Helping premature infants by sensing
complications before they happen
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1
Managing humanmpact on rivers bystreaming information
e majority of the worlds population lives
ear a river or estuary. Yet, we typically do not
ave a good understanding of what is happening
elow the surface of the water to help people
edict and manage changes in the riverat could impact local communities that rely
the waterway.
he River and Estuary Observatory Network
EON) is a joint effort between the Beacon
stitute for Rivers and Estuaries, Clarkson
niversity and IBM Research. REON is the rst
chnology based monitoring and forecasting
etwork for rivers and estuaries.
nute by minute, REON tracks physical, chemical
d biological data from New Yorks Hudson
d St. Lawrence Rivers through an integrated
etwork of sensors, robotics and computational
chnology distributed throughout both rivers.
A networked array of sensors in the river will
provide the data necessary to observe spatial
variations in such variables as temperature,
pressure, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and
other basic water chemistry parameters. All of
these sensors transmitting information in real time
will result in massive amounts of data.
Helping make sense of all that data is a new
stream computing architecture developed
by IBMs Thomas J. Watson Research Centercalled InfoSphere Streams. It can analyze
thousands of information sources to help
scientists better understand what is happening
in the worldas it happens. REON data can
be applied to visualize the movement of chemical
constituents, monitor water quality and protect
sh species as they migrate, as well as provide
a better scientic understanding of river and
estuary ecosystems.
The real time capabilities of stream computing
can be modied into powerful applications
for environmental science, nancial services,
government, astronomy, trafc control, health
care as well as many other scientic and
business areas.
he integration o science, technology and policymains one o the great, unresolved challenges ontemporary environmentalism.
hn Cronin,Director and Chie Executive Ofcer o Beacon Institute
aron Nunes, IBM Vice President of Big Green Innovations andhn Cronin, Director and Chief Executive Ofcer of Beacon InstituteRivers and Estuaries
KING RESEARCH INTO THE WORLD
RIVER AND ESTUARY OBSERVATORY
NETWORK
This new way of observing, understandin
and predicting how large river and estuary
ecosystems work ultimately will enable Be
Institute for Rivers and Estuaries to translathat knowledge into better policy, manage
and education for the Hudson River and fo
rivers and estuaries worldwide.
Understanding the REON data could
help to:
Monitor water quality
Visualize movement ofchemical constituents
Protect sh species asthey migrate
Better understand riverand estuary ecosystem
Beacon
Castleton
Troy
Fort Edward
Newcomb
West Point
B1 Advanced Monitoring Platform
developed by Beacon Institute
and Clarkson University generates
real-time data on:
Water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygeparticle volumes, atmospheric conditions,chlorophyll concentration and organic matteCurrently, our sensor arrays dot the Hudso
River with plans or 10 additional sites by 2working toward a source-to-sea network tcan be replicated or rivers worldwide.
Current sites
Planned sites
Albany
Poughkeepsie
Battery Park
Hastings
Tarrytown
Croton
Catskill
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HANGES TO CITIES ALTER
RAFFIC PATTERNS
ingle new building can have a major impact on
fc congestion and drive times. IBM Researchs
fc simulator helps predict problem areas
trafc managers can change the outcome.
CO2 emissions
Trafc ow
Trafc volume
Signals
This is the best feld or applying our cuttintechnologies, including large-scale trafc sim
real-time data analytics, and spatio-temporal data mBy developing and combining these techn
we can make cities sm
Sei Kato, IBM Researcher, Computer
Reducingtrafc jams bycreating them
Each year nine billion gallons of fuel are wasted
in trafc congestion. Across the globe, driver
frustration and increasing pollution are causing
city planners to rethink how cities are designed
and optimized.
IBM ResearchTokyo and the Department
of Social Informatics at Kyoto University have
jointly developed a system that can simulate
a broad range of urban transportation
situations involving millions of vehicles.
It shows modication of existing trafc laws, or
a minor alteration in the timing or frequency
of trafc signals and signs.
These large scale, high speed simulations pro
real time analysis of trafc status, levels of ca
dioxide emission, trafc volume, and travel ti
throughout a metropolitan area. The system
enable urban planners to address the boom
congestion problem through innovative trans
measures, such as a road user charging syst
and planning carpool or other high occupanc
routes to reduce trafc jams.
By adding a variety of attributes to the modethe system also can simulate trafc condition
resulting from a range of driver typessuch
truckers and taxi driverswith a variety of ne
and future vehicle types.
1.2
IBM REKING RESEARCH INTO THE WORLD
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3
Helping prematurenfants by sensingcomplications beforehey happen
oday, information pours in faster than we can
ake sense of it. Its being authored by billions
people and owing from a trillion devices,nsors and all manner of instrumented objects.
nd with different types of information residing
different environments and stored in different
rmats, quickly extracting meaning from
s information is becoming almost impossible.
aking the most use of patient data was a
allenge felt by doctors at The Hospital for Sick
hildren in Toronto, who were trying to devise
ays to use real time information to detect subtle
anges in the condition of critically ill premature
ants. Physicians monitoring premature babies
pically rely on a paper based process that
volves manually looking at the readings from
rious monitors and getting feedback from the
nurses who provide care. With seven different
sources producing data at 1,006 readings
per second, doctors and nurses were drowning
in information.
Scientists from IBMs Thomas J. Watson Research
Center, working with the University of Ontario
Institute of Technology and The Hospital for Sick
Children, went to workapplying a new advanced
data analysis paradigm, called stream
computing, to build a solution that enablesmassive amounts of data to be correlated and
analyzed for patterns.The software can ingest
a constant stream of biomedical data, such
as electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure,
oxygen saturation and respiration. With this
information in hand, researchers were able to
develop a data processing engine that is exible,
reliable and scalable to support multiple rules on
multiple information streams for multiple patients.
The resulting analysis holds signicant promise
for alerting doctors and nurses to detect subtle
changes and may someday allow them to take
action before the infant takes a turn for the worse.
The hospital may provide better care based
on more detailed information presented in a more
intelligent fashion. Doctors and nurses may
be able to more quickly and proactively react to
signicant medical events. And the premature
baby may have a better chance of survival.
Life-threatening infections maybe detected up to 24 hours inadvance by observing changesin the physiological data streamsof premature babies.
MONITORING MULTIPLE BODY
FUNCTIONS IN REAL TIME:
Premature infants can generate 1,006 read
per second from seven different sources of
Real-time signal
Long-term average
Negative Difference
Calculating the area below the long-term average (shaded in yellow) couldalert doctors to a possible problem.
Blood press
Electrocard
Heart rate
Oxygen satu
Respiration
ganizations across a variety o industries have begunuse analytics to sit through hundreds or thousands o
multaneous data streams rom medical devices to stockces to retail sales to crime statistics and identiytterns, understand implications and build knowledge.
aria Ebling, IBM Researcher
by Sow, IBM Researcher and Maria Ebling, IBM Researcher
KING RESEARCH INTO THE WORLD IBM RE
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Improving businessperformanceBy conserving natural resources, and discovering newones, IBM researchers are discovering new methodologito pump up the bottom line. Analytics, algorithms andadvanced computing are just a few of the means bywhich were setting the stage for the next generationof business innovation.
2.1 Reimagining the energy grid by
synchronizing supply
2.2 Reducing CO2while boosting
business efciency
2.3 Mapping beneath the seaoor tohelp reduce the risk of dry holes
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Homes and businesses
Reimagining theenergy grid bysynchronizing supply
ectric vehicles are often celebrated from an
vironmental standpoint, given their ability to
ovide transportation without the CO2 emissions
traditional vehicles. However, they also can play
key role in developing an intelligent infrastructureprovide a reliable and sustainable power system
renewable energy.
cientists from IBM ResearchZurich are working
th a Denmark based collaborative to explore
e use of electric vehicles as a storage device for
moothing power uctuations from renewable
sourcesespecially wind poweron the Danish
and of Bornholm. Partners in the collaborative
clude Denmarks largest energy company, DONG
Energy, the Technical University of Denmark,
Siemens, Eurisco, the Danish Energy Association
and Oestkraft, the distribution network owner on
the island. The project is called EDISON, short for
Electric Vehicles in a Distributed and Integrated
Market using Sustainable Energy and Open
Networks. The goal is to use this small pilot of
about 15 electric vehicles to develop a model for
deploying roughly 200,000 wind powered EVs
nationwide by 2020.
Denmark already is a leader in wind powerwind
produces more than 20 percent of the countrys
power. In Bornholm, researchers currently are
studying how the energy system will function
as the number of electric vehicles increases.
By developing smart technologies that
synchronize the charging of electric vehicles
with the availability of wind in the grid,
IBM researchers can help utility companies
determine when an increased share of
power in the system should be supplied to
conventional electricity demand, and when
excess electricity should be directed toward
charging electric vehiclesthereby helping
to create an interconnected and sustainable
energy system.
1
OPTIMIZING THE GRID IN BORNHOLM
In windy conditions, energy supplied by turbines
charges car batteries. With low wind, stored
energy from electric automobiles is sent back to
the grid to prevent blackouts.
Excess powerstored in electriccar batteries
Power from carssent to the grid
Low windHigh wind
PROVING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IBM RE
ornholm has enough wind turbines installedo meet 40% of its needs, yet wind currentlyccounts for only 20% o the islands energy,ecause wind uctuations lead to grid instability.
BORNHOLM, DENMARK
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Reducing CO2 whileboosting businessefciency
odern day companies are operating under
creasing constraints. As if minimizing environ
ental impact, improving operating efciencies
d reducing costs arent difcult enough, the
allenges are compounded by their need toeliver a better experience for their clients.
y providing a deeper understanding of
verall supply chain logistics, IBM Research
hina developed Green Supply Chain, an
nalytical tool that helps clients optimize their
usiness decisions for lower CO2 emissions,
wer cost and improved service levelsor all
ree simultaneously.
Chinese shipping and logistics giant COSCO
used Green Supply Chain to gain a better picture
of its supply chain infrastructure. The tool can be
used to evaluate the CO2 emissions of materials
and aid in identifying alternatives; consider CO2
emissions when selecting suppliers for sourcing;
determine CO2 emissions associated with
manufacturing production processes; evaluate
the environmental impact of warehousing and
storage requirements; and analyze CO2 emissions
for various transportation and distribution modes,
shipment sizes and service levels.
After receiving a detailed analysis of its operations,
COSCO reduced the number of its distribution
centers from 100 to 40, lowered logistics costs
by nearly 25 percent and reduced CO2 emissions
by 15 percent. From an environmental perspective,
these reductions enabled COSCO to avoid
100,000 tons per year of CO 2 emissions, while
maintaining service levels for clients and incurring
no additional costs.
2
Before
After
Reduce the number
of distribution centersfrom 100 to 40
Reduced CO2 emissionsby 15 percent
Reduced logistics costsby 25 percent
M is unique in its ability to combine the deliverypabilities o IBM Global Business Services with thelution development capabilities o IBM Research.
We saw IBMs use o [this technology] in its own supplyain as a strong vote o confdence.
alei Huang, CTO o COSCO e-Logistics
OPTIMIZING COSCOS SUPPLY CHAIN
By using advanced mathematics, IBM
researchers were able to assist COSCO in
identifying and eliminating areas of redundancy,
waste and unnecessary carbon emissions.
IBM REPROVING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
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3
Mapping beneathhe seafloor to helpeduce the risk of
dry holes
e days of easy oil are over. The new frontier
r explorationand the biggest hope for major
scoverieslies offshore in reservoirs beneath theaoor, miles below the surface of the water.
epsol, one of the 10 largest private oil companies
the world, was seeking ways to reduce the
mber of dry holes drilled and to shorten the time
rst oil in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
nce the region is known for complex geological
onditions, Repsol worked with scientists from
Ms Thomas J. Watson Research Center to
uild a powerful new system capable of running
e next generation of seismic algorithms.
Researchers from the IBM Multi Core Computing
Group worked closely with parallelization experts
from the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC)
to optimize mathematical algorithms for peak
processing. Testing of the system demonstrated
that the processor ran algorithms as much as
six times faster than existing seismic analysis
platforms, and provided more detailed rendering
of complex subsurface structuresresulting in
fewer dry holes and wasted resources. In the end,
Repsol gained the ability to take a closer look at
its seismic data while reducing the time required
to run complex imaging algorithms from four
months to two weeks.
1 Geological Fault
Discontinuities in sedimentary rocks thatmove geological blocks with respect toeach other. Faults can behave as conduitsor barriers to oil migration.
2 Seismic Reector
A boundary between sediment beds.
3 Potential Oil Field
Potential oil accumulation. Once confrmedby exploration wells, a feld becomes a reservoirthat can be commercially produced.
4 Geological Block
Part o an oil reservoir bounded bygeological aults.
The Gulf of Mexico holdsup to 37 billion barrelsof undiscovered oil.
RENDERING OIL BENEATH THE SEA
IBM Researchers are using powerful algorithms
to delineate geological structures deep beneath
the surface to shorten the time to rst oil.
12
3
4
IBM RE
Todays oil producers are drillingas deep as 30,000 feet beneath theGulf of Mexico, twice the deptho the previous generation.
PROVING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
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Impacting societyon a global scaleIBM Researchers apply science and technology to solvethe challenges of a rapidly evolving planet. Were makingextraordinary headway by creating new resources forpeople to stay healthy and enabling them with moreopportunities to connect and prosper, whether they residin developed or developing regions of the world.
3.1 Fighting infectious disease
by spreading data
3.2 Improving communication
by talking to the Web
3.3 Creating drinking water byltering oceans
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Ministry of Health
Using PHIAD data,the Ministry identifes
potential outbreaks,monitors illness inthe population, andcreates prevention andtreatment programs.
Public Health Lab
Epidemiological testingor disease stereotyping,results sent to Ministryo Health.
Regional CooperMonitoring Cent
Based on anonymizdata rom PHIADhealth ofcials moncross-border populaidentiy potential doutbreaks and coordresponses.
Clinical Lab Testing
Lab testing confrmspresence o disease,results sent via PHIADto Public Health Lab.
Healthcare Provider
Doctor runs testsand specimen is sentto clinical laboratory.
Patient
Patient presents withsymptoms.
Population
Individuals are encour-aged to take preventionmeasures as a result oawareness programsbased on PHIAD data.
SHARING PUBLIC HEALTH DATA
Scientists from IBM have developed a software architecture
that allows PHIAD, a Web based portal system, to generate
and share health data between clinical and public health
institutions, across political boundaries, and back
with the population.
Results
Treatment
ManagementAwarenessPrevention Measures
PACTING SOCIETY ON A GLOBAL SCALE
1
Fighting infectiousdisease byspreading data
ven in 1918, inuenza spread quickly and had
devastating impact on entire populations. Today,
ponential increases in air travel and the rising
erconnectedness of our world means infectious
seases can be that much more dangerous.e wont see a wave comingit will simul tan
usly appear around the globe. Therefore, rapid
etection and data sharing is critical to minimizing
e spread of disease.
e Ministries of Health and Agriculture in Jordan,
ael, and the Palestinian Authority started to
an for the battle against infectious diseases
ng before the threat came to the region. Despite
e changing and unstable political situation
this region, the Middle East Consortium on
fectious Disease Surveillance (MECIDS)
anaged to meet and draft a common plan of
tion for the three neighboring regions to contain
sease outbreaks.
Scientists from IBM ResearchHaifa and IBM
ResearchAlmaden have developed a unique,
open standards based architecture for MECIDS
called the Public Health Information Afnity
Domain (PHIAD). Currently being implemented,
this security rich, Web based portal system
enables the sharing of public health data electron
ically, and paves the way for sophisticated and
advanced analysis tools for visualizing the
population health, detecting disease outbreaks,
determining the effectiveness of policy and
performing forecast modeling.
PHIAD supports hierarchical data ow across
different domains. Each regional system collects
data from local sources, such as doctors and
veterinarians. The regional system then forwards
appropriate information to a system at the national
level, which is administered by a disease control
organization such as the Ministry of Health.
PHIAD can extend this hierarchy of data sharing
to international partnerships. At each level,
different data sharing policies concerning person
identication, location identication, authorship
and results can be implemented.
By creating an electronic platform that lets
public health workers focus on critical tasks
such as detecting emerging public health
trends, pinpointing potential outbreaks and
performing sophisticated analysis, PHIAD
can help contain diseases and minimizetheir impact.
e need to give priority to collaboration that willengthen Israels technology and research intoalth care. The technology that is being developedIBM Research] is outstanding.
himon Peres, President, State o Israel
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LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR
Farmer calls
voice site
Program about
health screenings
Program about
crop rotations
Program about
government assistance
Program aboutspring planting
Farmer asks question
about chana crop
Announcements
Radio
Questions
Commerce
Farmer answers question
about pesticide use
Farmer asks questionabout irrigation
Villager makes
appointment with plumber
Villager makes
appointment
Plumber posts
advertisement
Veterinarian
posts schedule
Painter posts
schedule and prices
Handyman posts
schedule
Farmer asks question
about pesticide use
Farmer answers question
about chana crop
Government posts
electric outages
Villager posts
train schedule
Villager posts
local grain prices
Mobile hospital
posts schedule
SUALIZING THE SPOKEN WEB
M researchers are building the Spoken Web, a system that
someday allow individuals to access a wide array of currently
attainable information. In this scenario, a rural farmer would
able to dial into the system and connect to a network of voice
es and voice links thereby participating in multiple types of
owledge sharing all through a mobile phone or land line.
Improvingcommunication bytalking to the Web
One of the most signicant technology innovations
of the past century, the World Wide Web has
given people access to vast repositories of data,
enabled new business models and transformed
the way people communicate.
Most individuals on the planet, however, cannot
access the Internetwhether due to lack of
computers, connectivity or basic literacy. In
India, for example, most people cannot afford
a personal computer. Yet cell phone usage is
rocketing, expected to reach 500 million users
by early 2010.
IBM ResearchIndia has developed a
technology called Spoken Web that brings
the power of the Internet to the masses, only
in a whole new form and through a very
familiar interfacethe telephone. Spoken Web
enables individuals to create voice Web sites
using a mobile or landline phone. Together, the
interlinked Voice Sites create a network of
information analogous to hyperlinked Web sites.
Overall, Spoken Web brings the Internet to places
it could not reach before.
So a rural farmer in India in need of advice on
his summer chana crop is yellowing and dyin
can access a knowledge sharing Voice Site
for farmers currently being deployed in Guja
Province. Through the Voice Site, farmers ca
ask and have questions answered, listen to
announcements and access programs on top
of interest. By creating the Spoken Web, IBM
researchers are enabling the kind of knowled
sharing and community building that takes pl
on the Web every day.
3.2
I have benefted [rom listening to questionother armers]. One armer had asked a quabout how to deal with the hot wind in this[The answer on the Voice Site] saved my cro
being ruined. That was very
Farmer, State o Gujara
IBM REPACTING SOCIETY ON A GLOBAL SCALE
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PACTING SOCIETY ON A GLOBAL SCALE
3
Creating drinkingwater by lteringoceans
ven though more than 70 percent of the Earths
rface is covered by water, more than a billion
eople today have no access to a safe water
pply. Additionally, more than 41 percent of the
arths population lives in water stressed areas.
IBM ResearchAlmaden, the materials,
ocesses and computational models originally
eveloped for nanotechnology currently are
eing leveraged for application in desalination
nd water purication.These so called
ano membranes, smart materials measuring
nly nanometers in width, have the potential to
gnicantly reduce energy requirements for
ration. To start, researchers have developed
ghly water permeable coating materials that
emonstrate signicant anti clogging efciency
uring the osmosis and reverse osmosis process,
hich is widely used for water desalination.
Additionally, and in partnership with Central
Glass in Tokyo and King Abdulaziz City for Science
and Technology (KACST) in Saudi Arabia,
researchers have developed a smart material
based on a new polymer that exhibits unique
pH dependent beha vior. Both salt rejection
and ux improve at high pH, which translates into
lower energy consumption and the possibility
of new applications. This technology also could
be applied for efcient removal of the toxic
pollutants arsenic and boron from drinking water.
By exploring these well dened nanostructured
membranes, researchers are attempting to create
a water superhighway at the molecular level to
reduce operating costs and energy consumption
in the desalination process.
More than fve million people,most of them children, die everyyear from illnesses caused bydrinking poor quality water.
The United Nations estimates thatby 2025, 1.8 billion people will beliving in countries or regions withabsolute water scarcity.
Drinking Wa
Ocean Wate
pH-ActivateNano-Memb
NANO-MEMBRANE
These smart materials exhibit
pH dependent behavior, with
salt rejection and ux improving
at high pH.
Areas at or approaching physical water scarcity.
IBM RE
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DongM Research China
S. and M.S. in Automation,an University; Ph.D. in
pply Chain Management,nghua University
The people behind the progressWe are IBM Researcha community of forward thinking
cientists and technical professionals who rank among the
very best in the world, in disciplines ranging from astronomy
o vacuum physics, from accessibility to advanced business
analytics, from computational biology to the science of
ervices. Though we live and work across the globe,we share a common visionto make progress possible.
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. Sachiko YoshihamaIBM ResearchTokyo
B.A. in Economics, Aoyama GakuinUniversity; M.S. in Information, Instituteof Information Security; working on Ph.D.
in Information Security, YokohamaNational University
. Shi Xia LiuIBM ResearchChina
B.A. and M.S. in Computing Mathematics,Harbin Institute of Technology; Ph.D. inComputer Graphics and Computer AidedDesign, Tsinghua University
. Leo GrossIBM Research Zurich
Diploma in Physics, Universitt Mnster;Ph.D. in Physics, Freie Universitt Berlin
. Rodric RabbahIBM ResearchThomas J. Watson
Research Center
B.S. in Biochemistry and Computer Science,New York University; Ph.D. in ComputerScience, Georgia Institute of Technology
. Vibha Singhal SinhaIBM ResearchIndia
B.S. in Electronics and Communication,Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, M.S.in Electrical Engineering, Stanford University
. Isidore RigoutsosIBM ResearchThomas J. Watson
Research Center
B.S. in Physics, University of Athens; Ph.D.in Computer Science, New York University
. Michael FactorIBM ResearchHaia
B.S. in Computer Science, UnionCollege; M.S., M. Phil., and Ph.D.in Computer Science, Yale University
. Martin WattenbergIBM ResearchThomas J. Watson
Research Center
B.S. in Mathematics, Brown University;M.S. in Mathematics, Stanford University;Ph.D. in Mathematics, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley
. Jakita O. ThomasIBM ResearchAlmaden
B.S. in Computer Science, SpelmanCollege; Ph.D. Computer Science, GeorgiaInstitute of Technology
j. Dilip KandlurIBM ResearchAustin
B.Tech., Indian Institute of Technology,Mumbai; M.S. in Computer Scienceand Engineering, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor; Ph.D., Computer Scienceand Engineering, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor
. Tom ZimmermanIBM Research Almaden
B.S. in Humanities and Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology;M.S. in Media Science, MIT Media Lab
My work is at the core o leveraginghuman intelligence, especially visualperceptional systems to acilitate decisionmaking rom huge amounts o data.
I am passionate about my work because ithighlights the interactions between people,
processes and technology.
My research helps people see andexchange inormation in novel ways.
My goal isnt to make machines smarter;its to make people smarter.
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j.
IBM Research gives me thereedom and opportunity toexplore how our brains work,enabling us to build computersthat imitate nature.
.
Our global network of scientists work on a range of
applied and exploratory research projects to help clients,
governments and universities apply scientic breakthroughs
o solve real world business and societal challenges..
IBM RER RESEARCHERS
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A history of breakthroughsFor more than 60 years, IBM Research has challenged the
status quo by exploring the boundaries of science and technology,
bringing discoveries to light that have had a lasting impact on the
world. We continue to expand the frontiers of healthcare,
energy and telecommunications, to name only a few. In a very
real sense, the history of IBM Research has altered the modernhistory of technological progress.
. 2009Nano MRIIBM researchers, in collaboration withStanford University, achieve volumeresolution 100 million times ner thanconventional MRI.
. 2008Worlds FirstPetaop SupercomputerIBM breaks the petaop barrier withRoadrunnerthe fastest supercomputeron Earth at the time.
. 2005CellIBM announces the Cell architecture,ushering in a new era of power efcientand cost effective high performanceprocessing.
.2004Blue Gene/LThe Blue Gene/L supercomputeris designated the worlds fastestsupercomputer with a peak speed
of 596 Teraops.
. 2003Carbon NanotubesIBM researchers discover a process forsynthesizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs),making them a feasible replacement forsilicon transistors.
. 1997Copper Interconnect WiringIBM develops copper interconnectwiring for semiconductor chips,increasing speed and durability whiledecreasing resistance.
.1997Deep BlueIn a six game match, a chess playingIBM computer defeats chess grand master Garry Kasparov.
.1994SiGeIBM Research patents a method formaking low cost semiconductor chipsfrom silicon germanium, an alloy thatimproves speed and versatility.
. 1987High-TemperatureSuperconductivityIBM researchers J. Georg Bednorz andK. Alex Mller were awarded a NobelPrize for Physics for their discovery ofhigh temperature superconductivity ina new class of materials.
j. 1986Scanning Tunneling
MicroscopeIBM researchers Gerd K. Binnig and
Heinrich Rohrer receive the Nobel Prizein Physics by providing the rst ever lookat atom by atom surface topography.
. 1980RISCIBM develops the RS/6000 desksidescientic microcomputer designed byIBM researcher John Cocke.
. 1971Speech RecognitionIBM enables customer servicingequipment to communicate and spoken answers from a compu
.1970Relational DatabaseIBM researcher Edgar Codd signaccelerates processing of large aof data using values formatted indatabase tables.
.1967FractalsIBM researcher Benoit Mandelbrintroduces the world to fractal gein which seemingly irregular shaphave identical structure at all scal
.1966One-Device Memory CellIBM researcher Bob Dennard invthe single transistor Dynamic RAM(DRAM) memory cell.
. 1957FORTRANIBM introduces FORTRAN (FORm
TRANslation) to customers whicbecomes the most widely usedcomputer language for technical
.1956RAMACThe rst machines with magneticdisks for data storage are launchwith the IBM RAMAC (Random AMethod of Accounting and Contr
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IBM REHISTORY OF BREAKTHROUGHS
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Work with usur continuous investment in research and
evelopment makes this a very exciting time at
BM Research, where the next wave of discovery
romises to be more innovative than the last.
ut we cant do it alone. We need to work together.
M Research Services:
ables the IBM Global Business Services and Global
chnology Services account teams and clients to work
ectly with prominent scientists and leverage their skills
gain business advantage.
dustry Solutions Laboratory:
e IBM Industry Solutions Laboratory (ISL) is a joint effort
tween IBM Research and the IBM Global Sales and
rvices teams that brings together clients and researchers
a unique and effective way. The ISL gives companies
m a wide variety of industries the opportunity to see how
r advanced technologies and solutions could impact their
sinesses, while IBM researchers obtain a markets eye
w of the ways in which their technology can be applied
real world problems. The involvement of IBM researchers
SL activities gives clients a vision of the future that few
mpetitors can match. The four ISLs are located in
wthorne, New York; Delhi, India; Beijing, China and
schlikon, Switzerland.
st-of-a-Kind (FOAK) Program:
our Industry Solutions Laboratories, IBM researchers
rtner with IBM clients to dig deeper into how promising
search can turn into market ready products and services.
rough the FOAK program, clients work with our research
ams to solve problems that do not have ready solutions,
d our researchers get immediate client feedback to
ther enhance their projects.
Business Analytics Solution Centers:
A growing network of global analytics centers addressing
the growing demand for the complex capabilities needed
to build smarter cities and help clients optimize all manner
of business processes and business decisions. The Centers
are located in New York City, Berlin, Beijing, Tokyo, London
and Washington, D.C.
IBM Research Labs:
www.researchlabs.ibm.com/portal/
An experimental Web site that enables visitors to select
from a list of beta and future IBM technologies and assets,
and begin experimenting with them quickly. After testing them
out, users can provide feedback to the IBM researchers
working on the projects, as well as rate the experiments
directly on the site. Available to the general public or targeted
for specic clients, the experimental technologies on the
site include collaboration software, tools for creating business
applications, visually democratizing information for data
analysis, and for recording and automating processes
performed in a Web browser.
To learn more about these programs, or other ways to
partner with IBM Research, please contact your IBM
representative or visit www.ibm.com/research
Join us on Facebook
facebook.com/IBMResearch
Follow us on Twitter
twitter.com/IBMResearch
IBM Research Global Labs
2 IBM ResearchAustin
Austin, TX, USAEstablished 995
5 IBM ResearchHaifa
Haia, IsraelEstablished 97
6 IBM ResearchIndia
New Delhi, IndiaEstablished 998
Bengaluru, IndiaEstablished 5
8 IBM ResearTokyo
Yamato, JapanEstablished 9
4 IBM ResearchZurich
Rschlikon, SwitzerlandEstablished 956
23
1
4
5
6
7
1 IBM ResearchAlmaden
San Jose, CA, USAEstablished 955
3 IBM ResearchThomas J. WatsonResearch Center
Yorktown Heights, NY, USAEstablished 96
Hawthorne, NY, USAEstablished 984
Cambridge, MA, USAEstablished 995
7 IBM ResearchChina
Beijing, ChinaEstablished 995
Shanghai, ChinaEstablished 8
IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, are registered trademarks or trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States an
other countries. Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. Copyright IBM Corporation 200
All rights reserved.
Any performance or results stated herein are based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environ
The actual results that any user will experience will v ary depending upon considerations such as the particular computing environment and th
workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve the results or improvement equivalent to the pe
statements contained here.
All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used
products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individ
customer congurations and conditions.
All statements regarding IBMs future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objecti
COB03004-USEN-01
ORK WITH US
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