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Smart materials are materials that have one or more properties
that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli,
such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields.
IT /
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IT Device
Inter-connection
(2000 )
/ +
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Eudaemonic: Poducing happiness and well-being. /
Existential: .
Constant:
+
EudaemonicExistential
Constant
( , ) ( )
( ) ( )
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: sensor, actuator, processor
- A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read
by an observer or by an instrument
- An actuator is a mechanical device for moving or controlling a mechanism or system, which takes
energy, usually transported by air, electric current, or liquid, and converts that into some kind of motion.
, ,
e-Textile: , .
- (a)
: ,
,
- (b)
: , , /
- , IT , Inter-connection
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Smart Shirts
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, , , wireless data
Selected by best invention of the year 2001, by Time magazine
Developed by Georgia Tech, and manufactured by Sensatex
Originally funded by US militarys 21 st Centruy Land & Warrior Program
& the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Mass Production (2007) done by Zephyr BioHarness
- NASA, Stanford Medical Center,
US Special OPS for live soldier monitoring
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Dr. Sungmee ParkDr. Sundaresan Jayaraman
Applications of Smart Shirts
Health Monitoring
- (patients in intensive care unit), (SIDS)
- (by Sensatex, 2005)
First responder
- Soldier OPS, Emergency wireless transmission
- (by Sensatex, 2005)
Athletes
- biometric data tracking
: heart rate, respiration rate, body temperature, caloric burning
- wrist watch, PDA, smart phone connection
( , by Zephyr Technology)
Others
- hazardous materials personnel (ex. Nuclear reactor)
- truck driver fatigue
- soldier on the battlefield
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Smart Shirst Wearable Motherboard
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Electronic Textiles Charge Ahead
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A little bit about Conductivity
(electrical conductivity):
J = s * EJ: current densitys : conductivityE: electric field
s = 1 / r r : resistivity
SI unit: S cm -1.
Material Electrical Conductivity ( Sm -1)Silver 63.0 106
Copper 59.6 106
Annealed Copper 58.0 106
Gold 45.2 106
Aluminium 37.8
106
Sea water 4.8Drinking water 0.0005 to 0.05
Deionized water 5.5 10-6
Kerosene 50 to 450 10 -12
n-hexane 100 10 -12
Air 0.3 to 0.8 10 -14
~ 10 7 Sm -1
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A little bit about Conductivity
(electrical resistivity)
r = =
J: current density (A/m 2)
E: electric field (V/m)R: resistance ( W) A: area (m 2)
l : length (m)
EJ Al R
.SI unit: V m/A or W m.
Material Resistivity ( m) at 20 CSilver 1.59 10 8
Copper 1.72 10 8
Gold 2.44 10 8
Constantan 4.9 10 7
Mercury 9.8 10 7
Nichrome 1.10 10 6
Carbon 3.5 10 5
Germanium 4.6 10 1Silicon 6.40 102
Glass 1010 to 10 14
Hard rubber approx. 10 13
Sulfur 1015
Paraffin 1017
Quartz (fused) 7.5 1017
PET 1020
Teflon 1022 to 10 24
: 10 -7 ~ 10 -8 Sm -1: 10 -1 ~ 10 2 Sm -1
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A little bit about Conductivity
Conductivity with temperature
s = q * n * mq: chargen: density of charge carrierm: mobility of charge carrier
- metal: , vibration
mobility
- : , n ( ) m( ) ,
Superconductivity is an electrical resistance of exactly zero which occurs in certain materials
below a characteristic temperature.
The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as the temperature is lowered.
However, in ordinary conductors such as copper and silver, this decrease is limited by impurities andother defects. Even near absolute zero, a real sample of copper shows some resistance.
Despite these imperfections, in a superconductor the resistance drops abruptly to zero when the material
is cooled below its critical temperature.
An electric current flowing in a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source
[Sourced from wikepedia.com]
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