1.What is sustainability? 2.What 2 reasons would there be for
our lifestyle not to be sustainable? 3.Name the 5 stages in a
products lifecycle 4.Name 3 non-renewable energy sources 5.Name 3
renewable materials
Slide 2
1.What is sustainability? 2.What 2 reasons would there be for
our lifestyle not to be sustainable? 3.Name 2 Greenhouse gases
4.What is global warming? 5.Name 3 negative effects of global
warning
Slide 3
Sustainability Meeting the needs of the present, without losing
the ability to meet needs in the future. Sustainability Intro
Slide 4
Why would our lifestyle not be sustainable? 1.We run out of
something 2.We all die
Slide 5
1.Name 2 Greenhouse gases 2.What is global warming? 3.Name 3
negative effects of global warning 4.Name the 5 stages of a
products lifecycle 5.Why are these stages important when
considering sustainability? 6.Name the 6Rs 7.Which of the 5 stages
are removed by recycling a product? 8.Describe the 3 types of
recycling 9.Explain 3 problems with recycling
Slide 6
VERY IMPORTANT!! DISPOSAL AND RECYCLING PRODUCT USE
DISTRIBUTION PRODUCT MANUFACTURE Product Lifecycle EXTRACTION OF
RAW MATERIALS
Slide 7
Renewable vs. Non-Renewable What do these words mean when we
are talking about Sustainability?
Slide 8
Non-Renewable When you use it, it has gone forever Energy
Fossil fuels (Coal & Oil) Nuclear Materials; Metals Plastics
These things are unsustainable
Slide 9
Renewable When you use it, it will come back again within 50
years
Slide 10
Renewable Energy Wind Solar Wave Materials; Wood (Sometimes)
Leather Cotton and Natural fibres Cork Rubber Bamboo These things
are sustainable
Slide 11
What is a Carbon Footprint? The amount of greenhouse gases and
specifically carbon dioxide emitted by something (as a person's
activities or a product's manufacture and transport) during a given
period VERY IMPORTANT!!
Slide 12
Why are greenhouse gases bad? They create a layer in the
atmosphere that traps the Suns rays, these heat up the Earth and
can cause very harmful effects; - Rise in sea level so land shrinks
- Plants die and land becomes desert - Animals have nothing to eat
and die - Weather becomes more extreme tsunamis, hurricanes
droughts etc. What makes Carbon Dioxide? BURNING STUFF!!
Slide 13
Why do we burn stuff? 1.To make heat In Industry Extracting
natural resources (metal), making synthetic materials (plastics) At
Home Cooking food and heating rooms and offices
Slide 14
Why do we burn stuff? 2. To make electricity
Slide 15
Why do we burn stuff? 3. To make movement In Industry Moving
products around the globe (planes, trains, lorries, boats etc.) At
Home Moving people around (cars, motorbikes, buses, trains
etc.)
Slide 16
Why do we burn stuff? 4. To get rid of it Incineration is a
main way of disposing of waste
Slide 17
1.Where does CO 2 come from? 2.What negative effects could
there be because of global warming? 3.List 5 negatives/problems
with wind turbines 4.Name the 6Rs 5.Which of the product lifecycle
stages are removed due to recycling? 6.Explain 3 problems with
recycling. 7.Describe the 3 different types of recycling
Slide 18
So what can we do? As Designers we need to think about how to
reduce the carbon footprint of products and people. How can we
reduce our Carbon Footprint?
Slide 19
VERY IMPORTANT!! The 6Rs Recycle Reuse Reduce Refuse Rethink
Repair
Slide 20
Recycle Take an existing product that has become waste and
reprocess the material so it can be re-used in a new product.
Recycling Freerunning ad RECYCLE = REUSE A PRODUCT
Slide 21
The 3 types of Recycling 1. Primary Giving/selling something
you dont use anymore to someone else to use
Slide 22
2.Secondary or Physical recycling Taking waste and physically
reprocessing it to form new material that can be used to make stuff
3.Tertiary or Chemical Recycling Taking waste and chemically
reprocessing it to form new material that can be used to make stuff
You need to know the main materials that can be recycled by
reprocessing Plastic Metal Cardboard/Paper Glass Recycling
materials Recycling Advert The 3 types of Recycling
Slide 23
Recycling Logos This is called the Mobius loop and means; this
product is capable of being recycled
Slide 24
Recycling Logos These logos are put on different types of
plastic
Slide 25
Recycling Logos Glass = Put in bottle bank Recyclable Aluminium
Recyclable Steel
Slide 26
Product made from Recycled Materials: The Jimi Wallet
Slide 27
Product made from Recycled Materials: The Pet Pod
Slide 28
Its very difficult to recycle a product if you cant get the
materials or components its made from apart To help the recycling
process, designers should make it easier for products to be
disassembled by making components easier to take apart and made
from single materials Disassembly
Slide 29
Positives; Prevents carbon dioxide emitted in Extraction stage
Prevents carbon dioxide emitted in Disposal stage Negatives; Carbon
dioxide (NEVER JUST PUT CARBON this would be wrong!) is still
emitted in reprocessing from waste to new material Recycled
material is often lower quality than virgin material Recycling can
be difficult unless products are easy to disassemble into separate
materials If this happened every time someone recycled, the world
would be a more sustainable place! If this happened every time
someone recycled, the world would be a more sustainable place!
Recycling Conclusion
Slide 30
1.Name 3 renewable materials 2.Name the 5 stages in a products
lifecycle 3.Why are these stages important when considering
sustainability? 4.Explain the 2 types of reduce 5.What is built-in
obsolescence? 6.What types of products are usually repaired? 7.What
should we refuse? 8.Why is re-think the most confusing of the 6Rs?
9.Why does Mr Pearce think re-use is the best of the 6Rs?
Slide 31
Reduce 7% less material 97% less material! Minimise the amount
of material and energy you use.
Slide 32
Reduce Reduce the amount of waste produced. Low quality
materials and joints = breaks quickly High quality materials and
joints = Lasts longer
Slide 33
Reduce Built-in obsolescence Designing products so they fail or
become redundant after a certain amount of time Non-replaceable
battery lasts 2 years A cars engine lasts about 100 000 miles (8
years before it needs new parts)
Slide 34
Repair When a product breaks down or doesnt work properly, try
to fix it.
Slide 35
What types of products are not usually repaired? If your cheap
electrical goods break then it is more expensive and more hassle to
get them repaired than to buy a new one
Slide 36
What types of products are usually repaired? Expensive items
are usually repaired
Slide 37
Refuse Dont use a material or buy a product if you think you
dont need it or if its unsustainable. Also, the exam says that
designers should Refuse to use materials, energy source, materials
processing which are not environmentally friendly. Or refuse to
design a product which will not be environmentally friendly in use
or when disposed of after use
Slide 38
Refuse Dont buy things that you dont need! Say "NO" to bottled
water
Slide 39
Materials we should refuse to use The product may be made
unnecessarily from man- made rather than natural materials Toxic
chemicals may be used in the product Toxic Has the manufacturing
process respected safety regulations? Have the workers been treated
properly (working conditions/pay)? What packaging has been used and
what are the transport distance and costs? It might not be good for
you e.g. High fat content
Slide 40
Rethink Ask whether we can sustain our current way of life and
the way we design and make. Also, the exam says that designers
should Rethink the product to use less materials, reduce energy
consumption, reduce transport requirements (eg flat pack or stack
ability)
Slide 41
Rethink How can waste created during the different stages of a
products lifecycle be re-used? very similar to Re-use and Primary
recycling How and why are products used by consumers? Could this be
changed so they are more sustainable?
Slide 42
Reuse Take an existing product that has become waste, and use
the material or parts for another purpose, without processing it.
This is the same as primary recycling so dont get confused!!
Printer vs. bin
Slide 43
Reuse Some products can be re-used for the same purpose
Slide 44
Reuse Some products can stay the same but be re-used with a
different purpose
Slide 45
Reuse Some products can be changed and then re-used with a
different purpose
Slide 46
1.Explain the 2 types of reduce 2.What is built-in
obsolescence? 3.What should we refuse? 4.What are anthropometrics?
5.Give 3 examples of designs that have been changed because of
ergonomics 6.What does ETI stand for? 7.Give 5 ways a company can
operate ethically. 8.What logo would you see on products that are
made and sold in an ethical way? 9.COSHHWhat does that stand
for?
Slide 47
Product Analysis & the Design of Products Sustainability
Theory Part 2
Slide 48
Social Issues (Thinking about people) Social Development
Listening to the views of others when designing products Inclusive
design = Designing products so less-able people can use them
to.
Slide 49
Social Issues Anthropometrics The measurement of humans
Slide 50
Social Issues Ergonomics Using anthropometric data to design
products so they are easier and more comfortable for humans to
use
Slide 51
Social Issues The Design Process Basic Product Product Designer
Anthropometric Data Ergonomically designed chair
Slide 52
Ethical Trade Initiative (ETI) This is an organisation that
sets out a code of minimum requirements for working conditions.
These basic rules should be used by companies all over the world to
make sure their workers are treated fairly
Slide 53
The ETI basic code 1.Employment is freely chosen 2.Freedom of
association and the right to collective bargaining are respected
(trade unions) 3.Working conditions are safe and hygienic 4.Child
labour shall not be used 5.Living wages are paid 6.Working hours
are not excessive 7.No discrimination is practised 8.Regular
employment is provided 9.No harsh or inhumane treatment is
allowed
Slide 54
C.O.S.H.H. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health The COSHH
Regulations (2002) states general requirements on employers to
protect employees and other persons from the hazards of substances
used at work by risk assessment, control of exposure, health
surveillance and incident planning. There are also duties on
employees to take care of their own exposure to hazardous
substances and prohibitions on the import of certain substances
into the European Economic Area.
Slide 55
Fairtrade This UK organisation rewards companies who treat
their workers fairly and produce their products ethically. They
allow these companies to put the Fairtrade logo on their UK
products so consumers can make a moral judgement to buy things that
are made fairly.
Slide 56
Cultural Issues Consider and respond to needs and values of
others when designing products The Indian auto market is dominated
by hatchback segment cars, as more than 70% customers prefer small
cars. In order to get hold of major share in this peculiar market,
Ford launched a new hatch back car, the Ford Figo, with a
competitive price tag and features that suited the Indian road and
traffic conditions.
Slide 57
Cultural Issues The impact of different cultures on modern
products You need to be aware that traditional manufacturing
techniques and knowledge from different areas in the world can be
used in modern products Rug making in Nepal
Slide 58
Environmental Issues Understand and be able to select materials
that are both suitable and sustainable Wood (if it takes less than
50 years to mature) Cotton Leather and Wool Rubber Cork
Bamboo!!
Slide 59
Environmental Issues You also need to know about modern
materials like potatopak or plastic made from corn.plastic made
from corn. This is plastic that can biodegrade yay!!
Slide 60
Environmental Issues You also need to know about smart
materials Smart materials react with their environment and can be
changed by; Pressure Light Heat Smart material examples SMAs Shape
Memory AlloysShape Memory Alloys Photochromatic paint
Slide 61
1.What does ETI stand for? 2.Explain what COSHH is all about
it. What does it stand for? What is it? Give examples. 3.What is a
smart material? give an example. 4.What is a fancy word for when
material rots? 5.What greenhouse gas is given off in a landfill
site? 6.Give 3 examples of materials that can harm the environment.
7.Explain what is meant by carbon offsetting. 8.Explain what is
meant by Eco-design. 9.What kind of product would have a CE logo on
it?
Slide 62
Biodegradable Simply means an item that has the ability to
break down, or decompose back into the natural environment without
causing harm. For example, when a substance biodegrades into carbon
dioxide, water and other naturally occurring minerals, the
substance seamlessly mixes back into the earth, leaving no toxins
behind. Many materials do break down in a more harmful manner,
leaving chemicals or other harmful substances in the soil. In terms
of environmental benefits, a biodegradable material will break down
quickly, not take years, leave nothing harmful behind and save
landfill space.
Slide 63
How long to Biodegrade? Tin Foil- Plastic Bottles Glass Bottle
- Disposable Nappies - Plastic Bag- Aluminum Can - Batteries
Leather - Wood - Cardboard Box- Orange Peel- Wool Clothing- Paper-
Does not biodegrade Do not biodegrade 1 Million years 500-600 years
up to 500 years 200-500 years 100 years up to 50 years 10-15 years
4 weeks 2-5 weeks 1-5 years 2-5 months
Slide 64
Environmental Issues Toxic chemicals are used in lots of
products at the moment, these can poison and kill plants and
animals. Bleaches Highly irritating to skin and eyes Very dangerous
to aquatic life CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons Used extensively in
refrigerants, aerosols, and solvents until the 1980s when
scientists realised it was a main factor in destroying the ozone
layer Toxic materials heavy metals in electronics flame retardants
in furniture and clothing pesticides in food harmful chemicals in
plastics
Slide 65
Environmental Issues Lots of companies are now trying to
replace toxic materials with non-toxic ones which are better for
the environment Some toxic materials need to be used as their
properties cannot be matched by anything else particularly in the
electronics industry
Slide 66
Environmental Issues The need to dispose of redundant products
and their packaging in a safe and environmentally friendly way
Toxic materials can either release nasty chemicals into the air if
theyre burnt or into water systems if they are buried in
landfill
Slide 67
Carbon Offsetting Carbon Offsetting is a method that companies
can use to make up for the negative impact on the environment that
their products have (the Carbon Dioxide made in the manufacture and
use of products) There are a number of different ways of carbon
offsetting Contributing to ecological research Sponsoring renewable
energy schemes Reforestation - planting new trees if you cut some
down Reforestation
Slide 68
Environmental Issues Forest Stewardship Council- If you see the
FSC logo on a product it means any trees used came from managed
forests where trees are replanted (reforestation) If you see the
Der Grune Punkt (THE GREEN DOT) logo on a product it means the
manufacturer has given money to support recycling centres to help
improve the sustainability of products.
Slide 69
Environmental Issues Carbon Footprint logo This symbol is
placed on products to remind users not to dispose of the item in a
normal wheelie bin whose contents will eventually end up as
landfill.
Slide 70
Design Issues Identify how good design and product choice
improves the quality of life
Slide 71
Design Issues Examine the way that designers respond to
changing styles, taste, technological advances, and environmental
pressures
Slide 72
Eco Design This involves the whole system of looking at an end
product, from design to finished article, and its use of materials
and energy Eco-design is the process of designing a product from
scratch with the environment in mind, and trying to minimise the
damage caused to the environment by the products life cycle. To do
this designers must think through the main stages of a new products
development in order for it to be considered eco-designed.
Slide 73
Eco Design Main Stages Product Planning Market Research Product
Analysis Product Development Design Process Specifications
Functionality What does it do? Safety Ergonomics Easy to use
Technical Issues & Requirements Battery Life Design Aesthetics
Styling
Slide 74
European Eco Label This is awarded to a product that has been
designed to have a smaller environmental impact than similar
products. It considers materials, energy in manufacture, energy in
use, and ease of disposal
Slide 75
European Confirmit Logo This is awarded to a product that has
met the necessary European standards for quality and safety to be
sold in the EU