17801780Britain Moves Britain Moves
SouthSouth
Loyalists in armsLoyalists in arms As early as the end of 1778, Britain began As early as the end of 1778, Britain began
turning its attention South turning its attention South Southern states were much more loyal to Southern states were much more loyal to
the crown than their northern the crown than their northern counterpartscounterparts
Many loyalists in the south took up arms Many loyalists in the south took up arms to fight against the patriots to fight against the patriots Formed Loyalist militias Formed Loyalist militias
Some joined British units, others waged their own Some joined British units, others waged their own attacks attacks
In many cases, civil war in the south In many cases, civil war in the south
War moves SouthWar moves South
On Dec. 29On Dec. 29thth 1778, 1778, British forces took British forces took control of Savannah, control of Savannah, GA GA Major port city Major port city Began fortifying city Began fortifying city
Siege of Savannah Siege of Savannah Almost a year later, on Almost a year later, on
Sept. 16, 1779 American Sept. 16, 1779 American and French forces would lay and French forces would lay siege to Savannah and try siege to Savannah and try to reclaim city to reclaim city Over 500 Haitians fought for Over 500 Haitians fought for
French French On October 9On October 9thth, a major , a major
American assault failed American assault failed Approx. 2,000 American Approx. 2,000 American
casualties, including 800 deadcasualties, including 800 dead Siege was given up on Oct. 18Siege was given up on Oct. 18
Britain begins to tighten Britain begins to tighten grip on the South grip on the South
Casimir PulaskiCasimir Pulaski Among the Among the
casualties was casualties was Polish general and Polish general and volunteer Casimir volunteer Casimir PulaskiPulaski
Known as the Known as the “Father of the “Father of the American Cavalry”American Cavalry” Extensive training of Extensive training of
American cavalry American cavalry Began in Valley Forge Began in Valley Forge Casimir Pulaski
War in the South War in the South
General Henry General Henry Clinton began Clinton began fortifying strategic fortifying strategic port cities and port cities and moving north moving north throughout the throughout the Carolinas Carolinas First Stop - First Stop -
CharlestonCharleston
Siege of CharlestonSiege of Charleston March 29-May 12, 1780March 29-May 12, 1780 Gen. Henry Clinton and Gen. Henry Clinton and
14,000 redcoats lay siege to 14,000 redcoats lay siege to Charleston, SCCharleston, SC
Benjamin Lincoln held the Benjamin Lincoln held the city with 5,000 Americanscity with 5,000 Americans
British captured Fort British captured Fort Moultrie which guarded the Moultrie which guarded the city city
After a long siege, Americans After a long siege, Americans surrendered their entire surrendered their entire Southern Army Southern Army The worst American defeat of The worst American defeat of
the war the war Clinton left city under control Clinton left city under control
of General Charles of General Charles Cornwallis and returned to Cornwallis and returned to NYNY
Battle of Camden Battle of Camden Aug. 16Aug. 16thth 1780 1780 Camden, SCCamden, SC 3,000 American forces 3,000 American forces
under Horatio Gates had under Horatio Gates had marched south marched south Replacing surrendered Replacing surrendered
American forces American forces 2,000 British under 2,000 British under
Charles Cornwallis Charles Cornwallis marched inland to block marched inland to block the advance of this new the advance of this new armyarmy
British quickly broke the British quickly broke the American lines and easily American lines and easily routed the inexperienced routed the inexperienced troops troops
Gates led the retreat, Gates led the retreat, arriving well ahead of his arriving well ahead of his army in Charlotte, NC army in Charlotte, NC
Baron Von Kalb and his Baron Von Kalb and his more experienced troops more experienced troops refused to retreat refused to retreat
Camden Camden 2100 2100
American American CasualtiesCasualties Including Including
Patriot Patriot General General Baron Von Baron Von KalbKalb
Bayoneted Bayoneted several several times while times while down down
400 British 400 British casualties casualties
Death of Baron Von Kalb at the Battle of Camden
Nathanael Greene Nathanael Greene Gates’ cowardly Gates’ cowardly
retreat led to his retreat led to his replacement as the replacement as the head of the American head of the American Southern Army Southern Army Nathanael Greene Nathanael Greene
would take over would take over Gritty, determined Gritty, determined
"We fight, get beat, "We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again." rise, and fight again."
A soldier’s soldier A soldier’s soldier Began the war as a Began the war as a
lowly private, and lowly private, and ended as Washington’s ended as Washington’s most trusted General most trusted General Nathanael GreeneNathanael Greene
Battle of Kings Mountain Battle of Kings Mountain Oct 7, 1780Oct 7, 1780 Kings Mountain, NCKings Mountain, NC 1000 Loyalist militia under 1000 Loyalist militia under
Patrick Ferguson had fortified Patrick Ferguson had fortified hill hill
1000 Patriot militia 1000 Patriot militia No real patriot command structureNo real patriot command structure ““Partisans”- guerilla fighters Partisans”- guerilla fighters
Patriots quietly surrounded hill, Patriots quietly surrounded hill, before unleashing deadly rifle before unleashing deadly rifle fire fire
Multiple Patriot charges up the Multiple Patriot charges up the hillhill Americans repulsed, regrouped, Americans repulsed, regrouped,
and charged again and charged again Killed British General Ferguson Killed British General Ferguson
after several hours after several hours
Kings Mountain Kings Mountain American – 100 casualties American – 100 casualties British – Entire loyalist army (1000) either British – Entire loyalist army (1000) either
killed, wounded, or surrendered killed, wounded, or surrendered 9 hanged who had defected to the British9 hanged who had defected to the British Demonstrated the effectiveness of partisan Demonstrated the effectiveness of partisan
(guerilla) warfare (guerilla) warfare
Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold Given command of Given command of
Philadelphia after Philadelphia after British evacuated British evacuated
Accused of profiteering Accused of profiteering from the warfrom the war Using army carts for Using army carts for
business usebusiness use Closing some local Closing some local
business business Acquitted of most Acquitted of most
chargescharges Letter of reprimand from Letter of reprimand from
WashingtonWashington Married Peggy Shippen Married Peggy Shippen
18 years old (20 yrs. 18 years old (20 yrs. younger)younger)
British sympathizer, ties British sympathizer, ties with leading Tories with leading Tories
John André John André
Benedict ArnoldBenedict Arnold
Felt betrayed by AmericaFelt betrayed by America Not recognized for Not recognized for
accomplishmentsaccomplishments Gates took glory for Saratoga Gates took glory for Saratoga Passed over on promotions Passed over on promotions Wounded in service Wounded in service
Never repaid for his Never repaid for his financial contributions to financial contributions to Continental ArmyContinental Army
Taken to trial for Taken to trial for profiteering profiteering
The Deal Goes Down The Deal Goes Down In 1779 Benedict Arnold used his loyalist In 1779 Benedict Arnold used his loyalist
ties to begin negotiating with British ties to begin negotiating with British General Henry Clinton via John AndréGeneral Henry Clinton via John André
Arnold was given command of West Arnold was given command of West Point on the Hudson River, Point on the Hudson River, and agreed to surrenderand agreed to surrender
it to the British for it to the British for 20,000 pounds 20,000 pounds Teamed with Peggy’s ex - Teamed with Peggy’s ex -
redcoat John André redcoat John André
TreasonTreason Andre acted as courier Andre acted as courier
between Clinton and between Clinton and Arnold Arnold While Andre was carrying While Andre was carrying
documents from Arnold to documents from Arnold to Clinton, he was robbed by Clinton, he was robbed by local thieves local thieves
Found incriminating Found incriminating documents in his bootdocuments in his boot
Turned him into Turned him into Continental Army Continental Army
Arnold heard of Andre’s Arnold heard of Andre’s capture and fled to British capture and fled to British in New York in New York
Andre was hanged as a Andre was hanged as a spy spy
AfterwardsAfterwards
Arnold was paid for his service, given land Arnold was paid for his service, given land in Canada, pensions for himself and his in Canada, pensions for himself and his wife and children, and a military wife and children, and a military commission as a British Provincial commission as a British Provincial brigadier generalbrigadier general Arnold would successfully lead British forces Arnold would successfully lead British forces
to victories at Richmond, Virginia and New to victories at Richmond, Virginia and New London, Connecticut before the end of the warLondon, Connecticut before the end of the war
British never fully trusted Arnold British never fully trusted Arnold Moved to London and died in 1801 Moved to London and died in 1801
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