166\St-And © Clive Walker , 2012
Compensation & financial redress
for victims of terrorism
Professor Clive Walker School of Law
University of Leeds
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Agenda
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Identify approachesCritical analysis
ApproachesDenial of special
claimsSpecial schemesCivil litigation
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Purposes
Individual restitution
Social solidarityNullify harm to state
interests
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Approaches: Denial of special
claimsBureaucratic costsRight to life – ECHR
art 2‘Compensation
culture’Criminalisation
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Denial of special claims
Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (GB)
Compensation Agency (NI)
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Special schemesAviation: TroikaCommercial property:
Reinsurance (Acts of Terrorism) Act 1993 and Pool Re
Disaster relief: Bellwin Scheme eg Manchester & Tower Hamlets
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Property loss for individuals: Northern Ireland
Justice & Security (NI) Act 2007
Criminal Damage (Compensation) (NI) Order 1977
Special schemes
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Special schemesPhysical protection for
individuals: Northern Ireland
Injuries abroad: Victims of Overseas Terrorism Compensation Scheme: Crime & Security Act 2010
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Special schemes: Overseas
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Special schemes: USAAntiterrorism and
Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Title II
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund: Air Transportation Safety and Safety Stabilization Act 2001, Title IV
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Civil litigationAppealing and
unappealingAgainst government
eg de MenezesAgainst third parties Against terrorists eg
Breslin v McKenna (2008)
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Civil litigation: USA
Anti-terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act 1996 – action against designated states
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Conclusions
Fragmented and uneven
Growing international interest
Compensation for victims of terrorism
Conclusions
Secretary-General of the UN
Council of Europe Committee of Ministers
UN Special Rapporteur
Compensation for victims of terrorism
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