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15.599 The Future of Work and

Collaborative Innovation Networks

Swarm Creativity

2/8/2005 Peter Gloor [email protected]

Enhanced Gravity

Creative IncitementFor example Laurie Spiegel (famous dada artist):-------->So I hope for a positive answer...

There are actually already 3 different record companies wanting or expecting music from me in the same time period as your project, and I am not sure if I have anything to send any of them yet. Also I have been asked to write something for publication, again, at the same time. (This is odd because I have tended to go year after year and no one wants any of mymusic and now all of a sudden ... what an amazing thing to happen ... several people do!)

So I do not have time. But now that you have told me more, I will be thinking more about what you have told me.

I made a dance score for a choreographer in the early 1980s that was something to do with gravity. I think it was "Gravity's Joke" which fits in perfectly with "Partial Levity". Maybe I can find it. But maybe not. What is the schedule on this? Do you need any kind of exclusive rights that might be difficult to arrange or do a contract? (I have no idea where to reach the choreographer I composed it for.) Ah well, probably it would sound horrible after all this time, so it is better if you don't expect anything from me.

Swarm Intelligence - Insects

1. Positive feedback reinforces desired behavior bee recruits other bees to help exploit food source

2. Negative feedback bees overcrowding a food source stop exploring

3. Amplification of randomnessbees getting lost discover new food sources

4. Amplification of interactivity insects make positive use of the results of their activities

Eric Bonabeau

Advantages

• No central control

• Self-repair

• Robustness

• Scaleable

• Pheromone trail

Basic Principle of Swarm Creativity

If you and I swap a dollar, you and I still have a dollar, if you and I swap an idea, you and I have two ideas each

Printed on napkin in San Francisco restaurant

Wikipedia

• Public domain competitor to Encarta and Encyclopedia Britannica

• Founded 2001, over 400,000 entries, over 100,000 registered contributors

• Alex Havalais - 13 errors• Friendly environment:

– Great editing in progress– Featured article

• “be bold but stay cool”• Administrators: temporarily turn of editing

privileges for rest of the world

Open Source

• Linux, Apache, Firefox

• Eric Raymond “The cathedral and the bazaar”: “power of the many eye balls”

• Debian: “we do not hide errors”

• Less software bugs

• Fewer hacker attacks

IBM Eclipse• $ 60 million IBM investment• 2004 converted into foundation• IBM Motivation:

– Huge customer base for “Rational Toolset”– Internal development tool (Lotus Workplace)– “Cool factor”

• Knowledge network: OTI (Ottawa, Toronto, Portland, Minneapolis, Saint Nazaire, Zurich)

• Hubs of trust: meritocracy, transparency, openness to contributions

• Debugger - developer - committer - PMC• Over 18 million downloads• Still many “committers” on IBM payroll

Motivation of Open Source Developers

• Stefano Mazzocchi– 3. Boost ego– 2. New knowledge– 1. Fun factor

• Collective (community) motives• Peer recognition• Direct reward (skills, money)

Personal Experience in Swarm Creativity

• UBS CORBA (ISI)– Self-selecting “bee hive”

• DaimlerChrysler e3 (e-extended enterprise) initiative– Tsunami of e-Business

• Animated Algorithms

Open Disruptive Innovation

• Walmart

• WWW, Linux

• Open Innovation (Chesbrough)

• Not limited to hi-tech:

Collaborative Innovators

• Leonardo da Vinci

• As apprentice with Verrocchio

• Community: Luca Pacioli (golden ratio), Andrea Salai, Francesco Melzi

• Don’t give up

• Speak languageof environment:

Linus on Microsoft

I wonder if Mundie has ever heard of Sir Isaac Newton? He's not only famous for having set the foundations for classical mechanics, but he is also famous for how he acknowledged the achievement: ‘If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood on the shoulders of giants’ ... I'd rather listen to Newton than to Mundie. He may have been dead for almost three hundred years, but despite that he stinks up the room less.

Disciples carry innovation over “Tipping Point”

• Malcolm Gladwell

• Connectors (Paul Sachs)

• Salesman (Ronald Reagan)

• Maven

Personal ComputersDouglas Engelbart

Ivan Sutherland

Alan KayButler LampsonRobert Taylor

Charles Thacker

AppleIntel

Microsoft

spark of genius

make it work

cash in

change forever

invent

sell

createcollaborate

communicate

Internet

JCR Licklider

Vinton CerfDavid Clark

3COMCISCO

spark of genius

make it work

cash in

change forever

invent

sell

createcollaborate

communicate

WebVannevar Bush

Ted Nelson

Tim Berners-LeeRobert Cailleau

NetscapeAmazon

eBay

spark of genius

make it work

cash in

change forever

invent

sell

createcollaborate

communicate