2012/9/24
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Architectures, Protocols, and Applications of Internet of Things (IoT)
‐‐What are the Essential Factorsto Create a True IoT System? ‐‐
Professor Zixue Cheng
The Head of the Divisionof Computer Engineering, The University of Aizu
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Agenda
1. Concepts and Examples of IoT2. Features of IoT3. Architectures and Algorithms/Protocols of IoT4. Applications of IoT
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What is IoT ?
Ubiquitous System = IoT ?
US IoT
Cyber‐Physical System = IoT ?
No, US ≠ IoT
CPS ≠ IoT
(What is NOT IoT ?)
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Cyber Physical System IoT ? CPS ≠ IoT
Cloud Computing = IoT ? Cloud ≠ IoT
Internet = IoT ? Internet ≠ IoT
IoT should have ….
Internet
Cloud
Things
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Sensors Actuator
Comm. and Coop. between Things, M2M, M2P, P2M,
S2S
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An Example of IoT systemSupport system for elderly persons
Cloud Computing
遠方の家族Remote family
近隣Neighbor近隣Neighbor
Smart Home
Ubiquitous Computing 5
近隣Neighbor
WSN and Internet
An Example of IoT system, (IBM)River pollution monitoring
http://www‐06.ibm.com/jp/press/2010/11/2501.html
Cloud + Big dataPollution situation can be aware
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Ask citizens using camera of iPhone, to take and upload a picture of the river , flowing through the city, with answers to some simple questions:Water level, Speed, Garbage amount
Features of IoT (1)
• Sensing function• Communication
Scalability
Openness
Specially Specially Basically
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• Communication• Smart App. & Services
Aware/Finding
Intelligence/Smartness
Conflict free/resolution
Safety
Features of IoT (2)More about Conflicts and Safety
Requirement Resources
Time
Hot or Cool
•Sensors•Actuators, Ph i l
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•Physical‐Objects•Equipment•Persons
Monitors with cameras in a smart city
• Traffic control• Fireman, • Police• Service provider
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Features of IoT (3)Safety
Cloud
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Poison Gas
Temperature/Pressure
Internet
Basic info Associated departments
Base Theory Features Testbed Result
973 project 1Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationLeader: HuadongMa,Totally 30 researchers,2010.9 ‐‐‐‐ 2015.9 Name: Research on basic architecture of IoT
1. Tsinghua University2. Shanghai Jiao Tong
University3. Institute of Computing
Technology Chinese Academy of Science
4. Beijing University of Technology
5. Beijing University6. Zhejiang A&F University7. Xi’an Jiao Tong University
Network information Theory
Large‐scale heterogeneous network, uncertain information, Self‐adaptive services in dynamic environment
Environment monitoring
SCI 50, IEEE/ACM Trans. 20Patents: 18, Standard: 2PhD 30Conference arrangement 2‐3Test bed 1
973 project 2Tong JiUniversity(Maco)
1. East China Normal University
2. Institute of Computing
1. Network calculus,
2. Dioid algebra,
Information fidelityexecution loyalty,Uncertainty
Smart grid Papers: 160 (Conf. 50)Books: 2
Uncertainty
Leader: Wei ZhaoTotally 32 researchers2011.1 ‐‐‐ 2013.8Name: Research on basic theory and design methods of IoT
Technology Chinese Academy of Science
3. Tsinghua University
3. Real time network scheduling and queuing theory
Uncertainty information ,Unpredictable information ,Fuzzy information
Patents: 5Software copyrights: 2PhD and Post Doc: 35Master: 30
973 project 3Shanghai Institute of Micro‐system and Information TechnologyLeader: Haitao LiuTotally 30 researchers2011.1 ‐‐‐ 2013.8Name: Research on basic theory and application of IoT
1. The Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences
2. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
3. Tsinghua University4. East China Normal
University5. University of Science and
Technology of China 6. Southeast University
1. Correlation Model, Network Architecture;
2. heterogeneous networks convergence;
3. Hybrid information fusion.
Strong correlation between the physical space and information spaceHigh mixed system, e.g. various devices, information;Information uncertainty.
1. Smart grid;
2. Smart home;
3. Electric car
Papers: 40‐50, Patents: 15Monograph: 1 National Standard: 2‐4 International Standard: 1 Graduate Students:50
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A Cross Architecture of IoT11 pilot application fields
Application Layer
Appliance controlMutual situation‐aware DisasterManagement
⑪
Accurate Agr
⑩
Digital Medici
⑨⑧
Intelligent env.
①
Logistics Man
⑦
Smart Grid
②
Intelligent Tra
③
Financial and
④ ⑤ ⑥
Smart govern
Smart hom
e
Smart City / T O
Smart Security
,
U‐tiles sensornetwork
Smartplugs
UHI ZigBeeWSN 11
Sensing Layer
CommunicationLayer
riculture
ne and care
. Monitoring
nagement
affic Systems
payment
nment
OWN
y Systems
Conflict‐free
6LoWPAN IP over SmartThings
GW of Various Protocols
oneM2M Safety Sub‐layer
Situation reasoning in Cloud
Services
Cloud
Remote family
Abnormal
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Situator
SOSO SO
SO
Situator
SO SO SOSO
Smart Home
activity detection based on SVDD
Situator: Situation manager
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Cloud Comp., Transparent Comp., and IoT
Cloud Comp. • Scale out resources• SaaS: Software as a Service• Virtualization
Transparent Comp
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TransOS• as simple functions
as possible • OS and applications
can be downloaded from serves
• Piece by piece in a flow way
Preserve Kernelof TransOS
HardwareEnabledBIOS
OS of Server
HardwareBIOS
ThansOSOther part
NetworkTerminal Servers
ThansOSOther part
Downloadpiece by piece in a flow
Optimal Downloading the Video Contents to Wearable Devices
Cloud
> 16~64 T
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Look throughScreen CPU, MemoryBluetooth
Battery
16~64 M 16~64 G
App. Example 1: Remote Mutual Situation‐Aware Algorithm for Elderly Life Support
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App. Example 2: Magic Ring based AwarenessTV
Relay Unit
Ring TypeDevice
Control appliance
Call for helper,
Internet
Remote family
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Unit
Show intention by gestures
Different Gestures
Care Center
MR V1Magic Ring
Cloud
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Hardware and software• Hardware
– 3‐axis acceleration MMA7361L– MCU CC1110 TI 8051 core,
RF transceiver 433 MHz– Power:3.7v, 30mAh lithium ,1mA
• Soft(Recognition algorithm)– 12 kinds of One‐Stroke gestures– 50 samples for a gesture – SD of X, Y, Z acceleration value– 9 features of the values are used
• Results – Accuracy: 86.92% , 97.55% – Time delay: around 0,1~0.2s – 10 kinds of activities can be
recognized (walking, eating, cleaning)
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Y
X
Z
(l)
Y
X
Z
(g)Finger L-Shift
-100-50
0
50100150
1 11 21 31 41
R-Rotate
-600-400-200
0200400
1 11 21 31 41
App. Example 3: IoT for Rescue Survivors in Disaster
Receiver/router
18Survivors
Robots
App. Example 4:Transparent Service Selecting and Loading (TSSL) Architecture
Context MatchingContext Matching
Delivery Network
Service Block1
Service Block2
Service Block n
…Cloud
Control Targets
User
Context SensingContext Sensing
Wearable Controllers19
Summary • What is IoT:
–Global Infra. bridging physical and virtual worlds, with features, open, conflict‐free, etc.
• What are the Essential Factors for designing IoT– Techniques (Integration of various tech)
• Embedded systems, RF‐IDs , sensor networks,Embedded systems, RF IDs , sensor networks, • Cloud comp. and transparent computing, etc.
– Designing IoT System • Identifying conflict in the problem domain • Deciding the architectures and techniques • Developing Algorithm and Killer Applications
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