BondingHow are chemical bonds formed?
Chemical Bonds
• Atoms are most stable _______________ _________________________________
• To obtain a full shell atoms can:– ______________or __________ electrons
(forming cations or anions)– ___________ electrons (form a covalent
bond)
Covalent Bonds
• Non-metals generally have 4,5,6,7 or 8 electrons in the outer shell
• If they bond with each other, electrons are shared
Cl Cl
valence electrons can be shared
Cl Cl
Outer shells overlap and valence electrons are shared
Bonds
• Covalent bonds– _________________________________________
_________________________________________– Valence electrons are shared between
___________ atoms to fill a an atom’s octet• ___ shared electrons: single bond • ___shared electrons: double bond• ___shared electrons: triple bond
Lewis Dot Structures – Representing Elements
• Identify the number of valence electrons in each atom.
• Spread them around the atom symbol – first individually, then in pairs
• Oxygen= _________
O
Lewis Dot structures of molecules
• Method #1– Put your atoms together. – If Octet is not filled, slide e-
pairs to form double, triple bonds.
• Method #2– Count total number of
valence electrons. – Fill central atom’s octet
first– Create double, triple bonds
if necessary.
Covalent compounds
• Draw electronic structure diagrams to show how the following elements or compounds are formed:– Methane (CH4)– Oxygen (O2)– Nitrogen (N2)– Water (H2O)– Carbon dioxide (CO2)– Carbon monoxide (CO)
Naming Covalent Compounds
• Draw the structure to find out how many of each element there are.
• Write the formula with correct subscripts.• Name the formula- write the names of the
elements.• Include prefixes to match subscripts.
– NO MONO- on the first element!
• Make sure there’s an “-ide” on the end.
Prefixes
• 1- Mono-• 2- Di-• 3-• 4- • 5- • 6- • 7-
Covalent name formula
• To do this you….
Fill in the following table:
# EACH ATOM FORMULA NAME Bond types
1 CARBON, 4 CHLORINE
HS2
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur trioxide
2Nitrogen 4Oxygen
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